Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-10-05T11:54:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Meyer_.pdf: 1508817 bytes, checksum: caf4a7d85be91f78b827610620bae299 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T11:54:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Meyer_.pdf: 1508817 bytes, checksum: caf4a7d85be91f78b827610620bae299 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-23 / Nenhuma / No ambiente da computação workflows tornam-se um padrão crescente para diversos experimentos científicos. Workflows científicos são compostos por várias aplicações estruturadas em um fluxo de atividades, onde o resultado de uma delas torna-se a entrada de outra. Uma aplicação pipeline é um tipo de workflow que recebe um conjunto de tarefas, as quais devem passar por todas as fases desta aplicação de forma sequencial, o que pode levar a um tempo de execução proibitivo. Tendo em vista este problema, aplicações pipeline podem se beneficiar da utilização de recursos distintos para cada um dos estágios, ou seja, executadas em plataformas distribuídas. Entretanto, dependências e necessidade especificas da computação distribuída surgem devido à interação entre os estágios de processamento e a grande quantidade de dados que devem ser processadas. O fluxo de entrada para aplicações que utilizam padrões pipeline pode ser intenso, inconstante ou irregular. De acordo com o comportamento do fluxo de tarefas, alguns estágios da aplicação podem ter seu desempenho prejudicado, atrasando os estágios subsequentes e por fim interferindo no desempenho da aplicação. Uma alternativa para resolver isto é alocar o máximo de recursos disponíveis (over-provisioning) em cada estágio da aplicação. Entretanto, esta técnica pode gerar um alto custo de infraestrutura, além da possibilidade que em alguns momentos os recursos fiquem ociosos. Sendo assim, a elasticidade em ambiente de nuvem computacional aparece como uma alternativa, explorando o conceito “pagar somente pelo que usar” (pay-as-you-go). Nesse contexto é proposto um modelo de elasticidade baseado na camada PaaS (Plataform as a Service) da nuvem, intitulado de Pipel. Este modelo permite que aplicações pipeline tirem vantagem do provisionamento dinâmico de recursos da infraestrutura de nuvem computacional. Pipel utiliza uma abordagem reativa, fazendo uso de thresholds para a tomada de decisões da elasticidade, baseados na carga de CPU das máquinas virtuais em cada estágio da aplicação. Cada estágio possui um balanceador de carga (chamado de controlador de estágio) e um determinado número de recursos em operação. O controlador do estágio recebe as tarefas que o estágio deve executar, as aloca em uma fila onde são distribuídas nas máquinas virtuais disponíveis em seu estágio. De acordo com regras estabelecidas Pipel realiza ações de elasticidade sobre o ambiente de nuvem. Para validar esta proposta foi desenvolvido um protótipo, o qual foi testado em dois cenários: (i) sem uso de elasticidade e (ii) com uso da elasticidade. Em cada cenário utilizou-se quatro cargas de processamento: (i) Crescente; (ii) Decrescente; (iii) Constante e (iv) Oscilante. Os resultados apresentam uma redução de 38% no tempo da execução da aplicação com o uso da elasticidade provida por Pipel. / In the computing environment workflows has become a standard for many scientific experiments. Scientific workflows consist of several applications structured in an activity flow, where the output of one becomes the input of another. A pipeline application is a type of workflow that receives a set of tasks, which must pass through all stages of this application in a sequential manner, which can lead to a prohibitive execution time. Considering this problem, pipeline applications can benefit from the use of different resources for each stage, or performed in a distributed way. However, specific dependencies and distributed computing problems arise due to the interaction between the processing stages and the mass of data that must be processed. The input stream for applications that use pipeline standards can be intense, erratic or irregular. According to the task flow behavior some stages may have degraded performance, delaying subsequent stages and ultimately interfering in the application’s performance. An alternative to solve this is to allocate the maximum available resources (over-provisioning) in each application stage. However, this technique can generate a high infrastructure costs and the possibility that some resources remain idle in certain moments. Thus, the elasticity in cloud computing environments appears as an alternative, exploring the pay-as-you-go concept. In this context, we propose an elastic model based on the PaaS layer (Platform as a Service) cloud, named Pipel. This model allows pipeline applications to take advantage of the dynamic resource provisioning capabilities of cloud computing infrastructure. Pipel uses a reactive approach, using thresholds for elasticity decisions based on the CPU load of virtual machines in each application stage. Each stage has a load balancer (called stage controller) and a number of operating resources. The stage controller receives the tasks that the stage should run, allocates in a queue and then distribute the tasks in virtual machines available at each stage. According to established rules Pipel performs elasticity actions on the cloud environment. To validate this proposal we developed a prototype that has been tested in two different scenarios: (i) without elasticity and (ii) with elasticity. In each scenario we used four different processing loads: (i) Increasing; (ii) Decreasing; (iii) Constant and (iv) Oscillating. The results showed a reduction of 38% of the application’s execution time using the elasticity provided by Pipel.

Book Summary:Watergate, the Vietnam War, the environmental movement, the energy crisis, the women's movement, disco. The Seventies in America brings this controversial decade to life by examining these topics and many more. This encyclopedia appears at a time when many people are reevaluating the 1970's, realizing that it was not a superficial, throwaway era but actually a time of dynamic political, social, and cultural change. The Seventies in America is also a much-needed source of reliable information for today's students, all of whom were born after the decade ended.

<p>Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka på vilket sätt ideellt arbete upplevs av arbetslösa personer. Vi valde att göra studien på den ideella musikföreningen Pipeline. En kvalitativ metod användes för att kunna ta del av intervjupersonernas upplevelser gällande ideellt arbete. Studien bestod av fem intervjuer med personer som hade eller haft praktik på Pipeline. Praktiken var arbetspraktik för arbetslösa eller praktik för ungdomar på individuella programmet. Resultatet visade att personerna upplevde gemenskap, bra ledarskap, motivation och en känsla av sammanhang i det ideella arbetet.</p> / <p>The purpose of our study was to see in which way unemployed person´s life was affected by working in a voluntary organization. The study was made on the music organization Pipeline. We choose to make the study in a quality method, to be able to take part in the people´s own experiences with voluntary work. The study was made by interviewing five persons who had work related practice for unemployed or for youths at the individual program. The results showed that the people experienced fellowship, good leadership, motivation, a sense of coherence in voluntary work.</p>

Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka på vilket sätt ideellt arbete upplevs av arbetslösa personer. Vi valde att göra studien på den ideella musikföreningen Pipeline. En kvalitativ metod användes för att kunna ta del av intervjupersonernas upplevelser gällande ideellt arbete. Studien bestod av fem intervjuer med personer som hade eller haft praktik på Pipeline. Praktiken var arbetspraktik för arbetslösa eller praktik för ungdomar på individuella programmet. Resultatet visade att personerna upplevde gemenskap, bra ledarskap, motivation och en känsla av sammanhang i det ideella arbetet. / The purpose of our study was to see in which way unemployed person´s life was affected by working in a voluntary organization. The study was made on the music organization Pipeline. We choose to make the study in a quality method, to be able to take part in the people´s own experiences with voluntary work. The study was made by interviewing five persons who had work related practice for unemployed or for youths at the individual program. The results showed that the people experienced fellowship, good leadership, motivation, a sense of coherence in voluntary work.

In this study, delay-insensitive asynchronous circuit design style has been adopted to systolic array architectures to exploit the benefits of both techniques for improved throughput. A delay-insensitivity verification analysis method employing symbolic delays is proposed for bit-level pipelined asynchronous circuits. The proposed verification method allows datadependent early output evaluation to co-exist with robust delay-insensitive circuit behavior in pipelined architectures such as systolic arrays. Regardless of the length of the pipeline, delay-insensitivity verification of a systolic array with early output evaluation paths in onedimension is reduced to analysis of three adjacent systoles for eight possible early/late output evaluation scenarios. Analyzing both combinational and sequential parts concurrently, delay-insensitivity violations are located and corrected at structural level, without diminishing the early output evaluation benefits. Since symbolic delays are used without imposing any timing constraints on the environment / the method is technology independent and robust against all physical and environmental variations. To demonstrate the verification method, adders are selected for being at the core of data processing systems. Two asynchronous adder topologies in the delay-insensitive dual-rail threshold logic style, having data-dependent early carry evaluation paths, are converted into bit-level pipelined systolic arrays. On these adders, data-dependent delay-insensitivity violations are detected and resolved using the proposed verification technique. The modified adders achieved the targeted O(log2n) average completion time and -as a result of bit-level pipelining- nearly constant throughput against increased bit-length. The delay-insensitivity verification method could further be extended to handle more early output evaluation paths in multi-dimension.

The influence of dent imperfections on the elastic stress behavior of cylindrical shells is explored. This problem is of central importance to the prediction of fatigue failure due to dents in petroleum pipelines. Using an approximate technique called the Equivalent Load Method, a semi-analytical model of two-dimensional dent stress behavior is developed. In the three-dimensional situation, decreased dent localization, in particular dent length, and increased dent depth are confirmed to cause dent stress concentration behavior to shift from having a single peak at the dent center to having peaks at the dent periphery. It is demonstrated that the equivalent load method does not predict this shift in stress behavior and cannot be relied upon to analyze relatively small, deep imperfections. The two stress modes of dents are associated with two modes of dent fatigue behavior that have significantly different fatigue lives. A method for distinguishing longer lived Mode P dents from shorter lived Mode C dents based on two measured features of dent geometry is developed and validated. An approach for implementing this analysis in the evaluation of real dents is also suggested.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Techn. University, Diss., 2006--Darmstadt.

Cette thèse vise l’étude de nouvelles architectures d’auto test pour les convertisseurs de type pipeline. En production, les convertisseurs sont testés en fonctionnement statique et dynamique. Les techniques de test statique de linéarité sont les techniques les plus coûteuses durant la phase de production. La mesure des performances statiques utilise un stimulus à haute linéarité et très basse fréquence et la méthode de l’histogramme, nécessitant la collecte d’un grand nombre d’échantillons en sortie afin de moyenner le bruit. Ainsi, la quantité de données nécessaire augmente exponentiellement avec la résolution du CAN sous test. Pour cette raison, la réduction du temps de test des CANs est un domaine de recherche qui attire de plus en plus d’attention. Récemment, des nouvelles solutions ont été mises au point pour réduire de façon importante le temps de test, mais aucune solution d’auto test considérant un générateur de signal de haute résolution en combinaison avec une technique d'analyse intégrée, réduisant considérablement la quantité de données, n’a encore été développée. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, on envisage l’étude de techniques d’auto test statique pour ce type de convertisseurs. En particulier, cette thèse présente un générateur de stimulus de test intégré à haute linéarité et une technique modifiée de servo-loop qui, en combinaison avec un algorithme de test de linéarité avec réduction de codes, conduit à la définition d'une stratégie efficace et précise de test intégré pour les CANs de type pipeline. La thèse inclut la validation expérimentale des techniques proposées, en coopération avec ST Microelectronics, Grenoble. / This PhD thesis is aimed at exploring new Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) techniques for static linearity characterization of pipeline ADCs. During the production phase, the static and dynamic performances of the ADCs are tested. Static linearity test techniques are one of the more expensive test procedures that are performed at production line. The measurement of the static linearity performance requires the application of a low frequency high linearity stimulus and the collection of a high volume of output samples for noise averaging, usually using a histogram-based test setup. Thus, as the resolution of state-of-the-art ADCs increases, test time for static linearity characterization increases exponentially. For this reason, the reduction of the ADC test time is a hot topic that has gained an increasing interest over the past years. New techniques have recently been proposed to effectively reduce test time, but no BIST technique has yet been developed that considers a high resolution signal generator in combination with an on-chip analysis technique that dramatically reduces the amount of data. In this thesis, static linearity BIST techniques will be investigated for pipeline ADCs. In particular, this thesis presents a novel high-linearity on-chip test stimulus generator and a modified servo-loop technique that, in combination with reduced-code linearity test algorithms, lead to the definition of an efficient and accurate BIST strategy for pipeline ADCs. The work includes the experimental validation of the proposed techniques in collaboration with STMicroelectronics, Grenoble.

A morfologia matemática é o estudo da forma utilizando as ferramentas da teoria de conjuntos e representa uma área extremamente importante em análise de imagens. Suas operações básicas são a dilatação e a erosão, e através destas é possível realizar outras operações mais complexas. A morfologia matemática fornece ferramentas poderosas para a realização de análise de imagens em baixo nível e tem encontrado aplicações em diversas áreas, tais como: visão robótica, inspeção visual, medicina, análise de textura, entre outras. Muitas destas aplicações requerem processamento em tempo real, e para sua execução de forma eficiente freqüentemente é utilizado hardware dedicado. A análise de imagens em baixo nível geralmente envolve computações repetidas sobre estruturas grandes de dados. Assim, o paralelismo parece ser um atributo necessário de um sistema de hardware capaz de executar eficientemente estas tarefas. As ferramentas da morfologia matemática são bem adequadas à implementação em arquiteturas pipeline. A necessidade de sistemas capazes de realizar o processamento de imagens digitais em tempo real, com o menor custo e tempo de desenvolvimento, tem sido suprida pela tecnologia de dispositivos de lógica programável complexa. Assim, neste trabalho foi projetada e implementada uma arquitetura pipeline dedicada para dilatação e erosão de imagens binárias em tempo real utilizando dispositivos lógicos programáveis de alta capacidade. Esta arquitetura é capaz de processar imagens binárias de 512 x 512 pixels. Os estágios desta arquitetura são flexíveis, permitindo a reprogramação da forma e do tamanho dos elementos estruturantes utilizados nas operações morfológicas. A arquitetura desenvolvida apresentou um desempenho satisfatório, demonstrando ser uma alternativa viável e eficiente. / Mathematical morphology is a very important image analysis area that uses set theory tools to study shapes. The basic operations in mathematical morphology are dilation and erosion, these can be used for more complex operations. Mathematical morphology has powerful tools for low level image processing and has been used in a wide range of applications such as robotic vision, visual inspection, medicine and texture analysis. Low level image processing requires repetitive processing over large data structures, dedicated parallel computing hardware is often used. Complex field programmable logic devices (CPLDs) have increasingly been used for the fast development of real time image processing systems. In this work we present a pipeline architecture for real time erosion and dilation operations, the architecture was developed using high density programmable logic devices. The developed architecture can process 512 x 512 pixels binary images, and has flexible stages that can be reprogrammed according to the shape and size of the structuring elements used in the morphological operations. Tests performed using the architecture demonstrated its good performance and that it is a good and efficient alternative for dedicated morphological image processing operations.