Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2001. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Stratégie d'exploitation des fonctions biologiques : Lille 1 : 2004. / Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. f. 107-123.

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pisum Harris, 1776) and syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae; aphid´s predators) and their spatio-temporal associations in pea (Pisum sativum L.) monocrops and pea/spring barley intercrops were assessed (2014 – 2016). The second part of the dissertation thesis was based on the comparisons of abundances of pea aphid (A. pisum) and their natural enemies found on field pea plants, grown either as a monoculture or intercropped with spring cereals in small plot trials vs. large plot trials (2013 - 2015). In the third part of the dissertation thesis (2015 – 2017) the abundances and the distributions of B. pisorum eggs and the seeds infested by the insect pest were assessed in four differently structured field pea crops.

Les plantes de la famille des légumineuses ont la particularité d’héberger intracellulairement des bactéries du sol communément appelées rhizobia. Cette interaction symbiotique se déroule au sein de la nodosité, un organe formé de-novo au niveau racinaire. L’activité nitrogénase bactérienne y permet la réduction de l’azote atmosphérique en NH3 assimilable par la plante. Si les mécanismes moléculaires gouvernant la reconnaissance entre les deux partenaires, l’infection intracellulaire et l’organogénèse des nodosités ont été particulièrement bien décrits au cours des dernières décennies ; peu d’informations sont quant à elles disponibles sur l’origine de ce programme morphogénétique nouveau chez les Angiospermes. Les nodosités des deux légumineuses modèles Medicago truncatula et Pisum sativum sont qualifiées d’indéterminées en raison de la persistance d’un méristème en position apicale. Les nodosités des mutants noot (nodule-root) chez M. truncatula et coch (cochleata) chez le pois développent des racines ectopiques à partir des tissus vasculaires des nodosités, montrant ainsi que les nodosités et racines sont plus apparentées que leur simple comparaison anatomique ne pouvait le suggérer. En outre, l‘activité mérsitématique des nodosités est fortement perturbée chez ces deux mutants qui présentent des nodosités multilobées et élargies. Nous avons montré que les gènes MtNOOT et PsCOCHLEATA étaient orthologues aux gènes AtBLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 et 2 qui codent deux activateurs transcriptionels redondants et cruciaux pour la régulation de nombreux processus développementaux chez Arabidopsis thaliana. En raison de la forte conservation des fonctions biologiques des protéines NOOT, BOPs et COCH, notamment pour la régulation de la morphologie foliaire et florale, de l’architecture de l’inflorescence et de la formation des zones d’abscission, nous proposons que ces fonctions représentent les fonctions ancestrales de la famille des gènes NBCL (NOOT BOP COCH LIKE). L’étude de déterminants hormonaux et génétiques du méristème racinaire dans les nodosités sauvages et mutantes noot ainsi que la caractérisation de l’homéose nodule/racine nous ont permis de dégager des parallèles importants entre les tissus périphériques de la nodosité et ceux de la racine. Nous proposons donc un modèle de développement des tissus vasculaires de la nodosité par co-option du programme racinaire dont la répression est en partie assurée par NOOT. / Legume plants are able to house intracellularly soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia. This symbiotic process takes place in a new organ generally formed on the host roots, the nodule. This interaction allows atmospheric nitrogen fixation to the benefit of the plant by using the bacterial nitrogenase activity. Despite an exhaustive description of molecular determinants of this interaction allowing partners recognition, intracellular accommodation and early nodule organogenesis, less is known about cell lineage and identity of the nodule morphogenetic pathway which is thought to represent a recent acquisition during Angiosperms evolution. Nodules from model legumes such as Medicago truncatula or Pisum sativum are described as indeterminate because of the persistence of a distal meristem. The noot (nodule-root) and coch (coch) mutants, in M. truncatula and P. sativum respectively, develop ectopic roots from the nodule vasculature, suggesting that roots and symbiotic nodules are more closely related than previously admitted based on their anatomical comparison. Moreover, the meristematic activity is strongly modified in noot and coch nodules that harbor numerous and enlarged lobes. We showed that NOOT and COCH are orthologs to AtBLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 and 2 redundant transcriptional activators that represent key regulators of versatile plant developmental processes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Because of the conservation of biological functions controlled by NOOT, BOPs and COCH proteins, in particular the regulation of leaf and floral morphologies, abscission zones formation and inflorescence architecture, we proposed that such functions are inherited from a NBCLs (NOOT BOP COCH LIKE) ancestral gene. Our studies of hormonal and genetic determinants of the root meristem in noot and wild-type nodules as well as the characterization of nodule-to-root homeosis have highlighted important parallels between nodule peripheral tissues and roots. We thus propose a model of nodule vascular unit maintenance by the NOOT-dependent repression of a co-opted root morphogenetic program.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate selected parameters indicating the quality of dried pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) in selected group of two varieties. Literary research focuses mainly on pea production in the Czech Republic and worldwide, for breeding varieties, peas and seed recognition. The literary research directly follows the practical part, which deals with the process of recognition and certification of seeds of two varieties in practice. In addition, laboratory tests of pea seed quality, especially germination. This was set as part of the sub-supply, supply and cleanse seeds, for the Gambit variety it recorded 69% and fell to 37% for the Salamanca variety, which differed considerably from the pre-supply and delivery seeds. This research shows an internal view within the farm and the great complexity and difficulty of the seed certification process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuciaMayumiHirata.pdf: 1395591 bytes, checksum: e27a98e6d36e8842db05c8c307aaf28b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pea (Pisum sativum L.) which has a wide variety of uses, due to the high nutritional value, can be used for animal feeding as well as food source for humans. Ascochyta blight disease is one of the most devastating diseases of this leguminous crop and is favored by cool climate associated with high relative humidity. The pathogen can be transmitted by infected seeds. With the increasing demand for healthier products without the use of chemical, the organic system of production is in expansion. The effectiveness of seed treatments, accepted by organic regulations, against A. pisi was evaluated. The treatments consisted of commercial biofungicides, experimental formulations based on microorganisms cultivated in laboratory and vegetal extracts, resistance inducers, physical methods based in the thermotherapy (aerated steam and hot water), and low energy electrons and the association of the physical methods and biological agents had in five experiments. Pea seeds, naturally infected with A. pisi were sown in sterilized commercial organic substrate and maintained under greenhouse conditions. Plant emergence and infection index were evaluated two weeks after sowing. Extract of Thymus vulgaris, Clonostachys rosea IK 726, the commercial product Micosat (Glomus sp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens + P. borealis + Bacillus subtilis), and the association of physical method with low energy electrons 140 and 130 kV with biological agent Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) were as effective in suppressing A. pisi as the standard chemicals used as controls / A ervilha apresenta alto valor nutritivo, e pode ser utilizada na alimentação humana e também na alimentação animal. Uma das doenças mais importante que ocorre na cultura da ervilha é causada pelo patógeno Ascochyta pisi, que é favorecida por temperaturas amenas e umidade elevada, e, podendo ser transmitida por sementes infectadas. Com a crescente procura por produtos mais saudáveis e sem o uso de defensivos químicos, o sistema de produção orgânico apresenta-se em expansão. O trabalho avaliou a eficácia dos tratamentos de sementes de ervilha no controle de A. pisi de acordo com o sistema orgânico. Foram testados biofungicidas comerciais, microrganismos cultivados em laboratório e extratos vegetais, indutores de resistência, métodos físicos baseados na termoterapia (vapor aerado e água aquecida), e elétrons de baixa energia e a associação dos tratamentos físicos e controle biológico, num total de cinco experimentos. Utilizaram-se sementes de ervilha naturalmente infectadas por Ascochyta pisi, semeadas em substrato orgânico comercial esterilizado e mantidas em casa-de-vegetação. Avaliaram-se emergência e índice de infecção duas semanas após a semeadura. O índice de infecção das plantas foi calculado em diferentes classes de infecção de acordo com Townsend-Heuberger, (1943). Extrato vegetal de Thymus vulgaris, Clonostachys rosea IK 726 e Micosat (Glomus sp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens + P. borealis + Bacillus subtilis), e a associação de tratamento físico com elétrons de baixa energia a 130 e 140 kV com o agente biológico Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) proporcionaram níveis de controle equivalentes ao tratamento químico

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuciaMayumiHirata.pdf: 1395591 bytes, checksum: e27a98e6d36e8842db05c8c307aaf28b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Pea (Pisum sativum L.) which has a wide variety of uses, due to the high nutritional value, can be used for animal feeding as well as food source for humans. Ascochyta blight disease is one of the most devastating diseases of this leguminous crop and is favored by cool climate associated with high relative humidity. The pathogen can be transmitted by infected seeds. With the increasing demand for healthier products without the use of chemical, the organic system of production is in expansion. The effectiveness of seed treatments, accepted by organic regulations, against A. pisi was evaluated. The treatments consisted of commercial biofungicides, experimental formulations based on microorganisms cultivated in laboratory and vegetal extracts, resistance inducers, physical methods based in the thermotherapy (aerated steam and hot water), and low energy electrons and the association of the physical methods and biological agents had in five experiments. Pea seeds, naturally infected with A. pisi were sown in sterilized commercial organic substrate and maintained under greenhouse conditions. Plant emergence and infection index were evaluated two weeks after sowing. Extract of Thymus vulgaris, Clonostachys rosea IK 726, the commercial product Micosat (Glomus sp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens + P. borealis + Bacillus subtilis), and the association of physical method with low energy electrons 140 and 130 kV with biological agent Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) were as effective in suppressing A. pisi as the standard chemicals used as controls / A ervilha apresenta alto valor nutritivo, e pode ser utilizada na alimentação humana e também na alimentação animal. Uma das doenças mais importante que ocorre na cultura da ervilha é causada pelo patógeno Ascochyta pisi, que é favorecida por temperaturas amenas e umidade elevada, e, podendo ser transmitida por sementes infectadas. Com a crescente procura por produtos mais saudáveis e sem o uso de defensivos químicos, o sistema de produção orgânico apresenta-se em expansão. O trabalho avaliou a eficácia dos tratamentos de sementes de ervilha no controle de A. pisi de acordo com o sistema orgânico. Foram testados biofungicidas comerciais, microrganismos cultivados em laboratório e extratos vegetais, indutores de resistência, métodos físicos baseados na termoterapia (vapor aerado e água aquecida), e elétrons de baixa energia e a associação dos tratamentos físicos e controle biológico, num total de cinco experimentos. Utilizaram-se sementes de ervilha naturalmente infectadas por Ascochyta pisi, semeadas em substrato orgânico comercial esterilizado e mantidas em casa-de-vegetação. Avaliaram-se emergência e índice de infecção duas semanas após a semeadura. O índice de infecção das plantas foi calculado em diferentes classes de infecção de acordo com Townsend-Heuberger, (1943). Extrato vegetal de Thymus vulgaris, Clonostachys rosea IK 726 e Micosat (Glomus sp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens + P. borealis + Bacillus subtilis), e a associação de tratamento físico com elétrons de baixa energia a 130 e 140 kV com o agente biológico Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) proporcionaram níveis de controle equivalentes ao tratamento químico

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), catalysing the interconversion between CO2 and HCO3', has long been known to be present in plants as well as in animals. Several of the animal isozymes, but none of the plant CAs, have been extensively studied. When the first plant CA cDNA sequences were published in 1990, it was obvious that the animal and plant CAs represent evolutionarily distinct families with no significant sequence homology between the families. Pea CA is synthesised as a precursor and subsequently processed at the import into the chloroplast. When we purified CA from pea leaves two oligomeric forms with molecular masses around 230 kDa were obtained. One form was homogenous while the other form contained subunits of two different sizes. The larger subunit has an acidic and highly charged N-terminal extension, consisting of 37 residues. We propose that the sequence that precedes the cleavage site resulting in the large subunit represents the functional transit peptide, directing CA to the chloroplast. Neither the transit peptide nor the acidic 37-residue peptide were found to affect the folding, activity or oligomerisation of pea CA. Kinetic investigations showed that pea CA requires a reduced environment and high concentrations of buffer for maximal catalytic activity. High buffer concentrations result in a faster turnover of the enzyme (kcat) while the efficiency (kcatlKm) is not affected. This is consistent with a ping-pong mechanism with the buffer as the second substrate. Both kcat and kcatlKm increase with pH but the dependences cannot be described by simple titration curves. SCN' is an uncompetitive inhibitor at high pH and a noncompetitive inhibitor at neutral and low pH. This is in accordance with the mechanistic model, previously proposed for human CAM, involving a zincbound water molecule as a catalytic group. In this model, the carbon dioxide - bicarbonate interconversion, reflected by kcatlKm, is temporally separated from a rate limiting proton-transfer step. At high pH, solvent hydrogen isotope effects obtained for pea CA agree with this scheme, while they do not fit at neutral and low pH. Site-specific mutations of cysteine residues at positions 165, 269 and 272 were difficult to study, either because strong deviations from Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed, or because the mutants were found in inclusion bodies. However, the mutant H208A was found to be a very efficient enzyme with the highest kcatlKm value obtained for any CA so far, 2.9-108 M'1s '1. With the H208A mutant an increased dependence on high buffer concentrations at low pH was obtained. At high pH, the mutant is more efficient than the unmutated enzyme. The H208A mutant is also more prone to oxidation than the wild-type enzyme. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1994, härtill 4 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu