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Hittite Mortuary PracticesAxelsson, Anton January 2017 (has links)
The Hittite burial material consists of a very heterogeneous material. The material shows some shared aspects between the different cemeteries and their grave types. However, this material lacks previous extensive comparative studies in central Anatolia. This study aims to problematize this funerary material, by re-evaluating the previous interpretation and by creating links between the different types of material and the cemeteries it was found in. This will be achieved by analyzing four different categories of Hittite graves from the three cemeteries: Osmankayasi, Gordion and Ilica. The total material consists of 268 graves: 91 from Osmankayasi, 46 from Gordion and 131 from Ilica. The material was originally excavated and published during the fifties and sixties by the three archaeologists Kurt Bittel, Machteld Mellink and Winfried Orthmann. The burial material will be analyzed to establish parallels and differences between the three sites, their materials and grave categories. Literary sources and empirical data will be used to supplement previous research but also the new interpretations discussed in this thesis. Keywords: Hittite, cemeteries, mortuary practices, Osmankayasi, Gordion, Ilica, cremations, pithos burials, pit graves, cist-graves, ethnicity, status, equids / Det Hettitiska begravnings materialet består av ett väldigt heterogent material. Materialet visar ändå vissa delade aspekter mellan de olika gravfälten och gravtyperna. Dock saknar detta material tidigare omfattande komparativa studier i centrala Anatolien. Denna studie avser att problematisera detta gravmaterial, genom att skapa kopplingar mellan de olika typerna av materialet och mellan de utvalda platserna som det återfanns i. Detta mål avses att uppnås genom att analysera fyra olika typer av Hettitiska gravar från de tre platserna Osmankayasi, Gordion och Ilica. Det totala grav antalet består av 268 gravar: 91 från Osmankayasi, 46 från Gordion och 131 från Ilica. Materialet var ursprungligen utgrävt och publicerat under femtio och sextio-talet av de tre arkeologerna Kurt Bittel, Machteld Mellink och Winfried Orthmann. Gravmaterialet kommer att analyseras för att etablera paralleller mellan de tre platsernas material och dess gravkategorier. Litterära källor och empiriskdata kommer att användas för att komplettera den tidigare forskningen och de nya tolkningarna i denna studie.
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A state management and persistency architecture for peer-to-peer massively multi-user virtual environmentsGilmore, John Sebastian 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recently, there has been significant research focus on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Massively
Multi-user Virtual Environments (MMVEs). A number of architectures have been
presented in the literature to implement the P2P approach. One aspect that has
not received sufficient attention in these architectures is state management and
state persistency in P2P MMVEs. This work presents and simulates a novel state
management and persistency architecture, called Pithos.
In order to design the architecture, an investigation is performed into state consistency
architectures, into which the state management and persistency architecture
should fit. A novel generic state consistency model is proposed that encapsulated all
state consistency models reviewed. The requirements for state management and persistency
architectures, identified during the review of state consistency models, are
used to review state management and persistency architectures currently receiving
research attention.
Identifying some deficiencies present in current designs, such as lack of fairness,
responsiveness and scalability, a novel state management and persistency architecture,
called Pithos, is designed. Pithos is a reliable, responsive, secure, fair and
scalable distributed storage system, ideally suited to P2P MMVEs. Pithos is implemented
in Oversim, which runs on the Omnet++ network simulator. An evaluation
of Pithos is performed to verify that it satisfies the identified requirements.
It is found that the reliability of Pithos depends heavily on object lifetimes. If an
object lives longer on average, retrieval requests are more reliable. An investigation
is performed into the factors influencing object lifetime. A novel Markov chain model
is proposed which allows for the prediction of objects lifetimes in any finite sized
network, for a given amount of redundancy, node lifetime characteristics and object
repair rate. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onlangs is daar ’n beduidende navorsingsfokus op Eweknie Massiewe Multi-gebruiker
Virtuele Omgewings (MMVOs). ’n Aantal argitekture is in die literatuur beskikbaar
wat die eweknie benadering voorstel. Een aspek wat nie voldoende aandag
ontvang in hierdie argitekture nie is toestandsbestuur en toestandsvolharding in
eweknie MMVOs. Hierdie werk ontwerp en simuleer ’n nuwe toestandsbestuur- en
toestandsvolhardingargitektuur genaamd Pithos.
Ten einde die argitektuur te ontwerp is ’n ondersoek uitgevoer in toestandskonsekwentheidargitekture,
waarin die toestandsbestuur- en toestandsvolhardingargitektuur
moet pas. ’n Nuwe generiese toestandskonsekwentheidargitektuur word voorgestel
wat alle hersiene toestandskonsekwentheid argitekture vervat. Die vereistes vir
die toestandsbestuur- en toestandsvolhardingargitekture, geidentifiseer tydens die
hersiening van die toestandskonsekwentheidargitekture, word gebruik om toestandsbestuuren
toestandsvolhardingargitekture te hersien wat tans navorsingsaandag geniet.
Identifisering van sekere leemtes teenwoordig in die huidige ontwerpe, soos ’n
gebrek aan regverdigheid, responsiwiteit en skaleerbaarheid, lei tot die ontwerp van
’n nuwe toestandsbestuur- en toestandsvolhardingargitektuur wat Pithos genoem
word. Pithos is ’n betroubare, responsiewe, veilige, regverdige en skaleerbare verspreide
stoorstelsel, ideaal geskik is vir eweknie MMVOs. Pithos word geïmplementeer
in Oversim, wat loop op die Omnet++ netwerk simulator. ’n Evaluering
van Pithos word uitgevoer om te verifieer dat dit voldoen aan die geïdentifiseerde
behoeftes. Daar is gevind dat die betroubaarheid van Pithos afhang van die objek leeftyd.
As ’n objek gemiddeld langer leef, dan is herwinning versoeke meer betroubaar. ’n
Ondersoek word uitgevoer na die faktore wat die objek leeftyd beïnvloed. ’n Nuwe
Markov ketting model word voorgestel wat voorsiening maak vir die voorspelling van
objek leeftye in eindige grootte netwerke, vir gegewe hoeveelhede van oortolligheid,
nodus leeftyd eienskappe en objek herstelkoers.
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