Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the management skills of occupational therapy business unit managers on Assistant Director Level in the Public Health Sector (PHS) of the Free State (FS). For the purpose of this study, management skills referred to the occupational therapy business unit manager’s perception of the importance and competency experienced while doing their work within the Free State Department of Health. Occupational therapy form an integral part of the Free State Department of Health, which is a provincial public sector entity and solely responsible for health services to the majority of the population. An inquiry was initiated based on the researchers’ observation of occupational therapy business unit manager’s challenges regarding knowledge and skill when exposed to management. The investigation was conducted by making use of a questionnaire for the quantitative typical descriptive study design and semi-structured telephonic interviews for the qualitative study design. Electronic self-administrative questionnaires were distributed to all the occupational therapy business unit managers in the service of the Free State Department of Health. Ten (n=10) questionnaires, a hundred percent of employed occupational therapy business unit managers, were used for the analysis of quantitative data. Subsequently to this base-line data gathered, semi-structured telephonic interviews with open-ended questions were conducted among the target population. In conclusion the results of the study showed that the occupational therapy business unit managers in the PHS of the FS perceive a gap between their current and desired performance management skill levels. This was found to be in accordance with studies worldwide as clinicians promoted to a managerial post would prefer to utilize gained qualifications and experiences as managers within their specialty field.

This study analyses different methods of maintaining a consistent state between two peers in a real time fighting game played over a network. Current methods of state management are explored in a comprehensive literature review, which establishes a baseline knowledge and theoretical comparison of use cases for the two most common models: delay and rollback. These results were then further explored by a practical case study where a test fighting game was created in Unity3D that implemented both delay and rollback networking. Networking strategies were tested by a group of ten users under different simulated network conditions and their experiences were documented using a Likert-style questionnaire for each stage of testing. Based on user feedback it was found that the implemented rollback strategy provided an overall better user experience. Rollback was found to be more responsive and stable than the delay implementation as network latency was increased, suggesting that rollback is also more fault tolerant than delay.

Since 1986 and especially during the early 90s, environmental protection has become a constitutional principle in Vietnam as regulated by Articles 17 and 29 of the 1992 Constitution. The first Law on Environmental Protection, passed by the National Assembly on December 27, 1993 created a foundation for environmental legislation becoming an important field in Vietnam’s legal system. In the following, Vietnam enacted its very first Law on Water Resources (No. 08/1998/QH10) in January 1999 aiming to provide a foundational framework for managing the water sector in Vietnam. In recent years, the legislative framework on water resources management has further developed. Important water-related regulations on the guidance and implementation of the Law on Water Resources have been issued and often amended to meet the requirements of the country’s development, and its international integration. To date, Vietnam’s legislation on the water sector consists of a complex system of legal documents issued by different state agencies. Though legislation of water sector management in Vietnam has greatly improved during the last decade, it has obviously not yet come to full fruition. Hence, the paper intends to provide an overview of achievements as well as problems and conflicting issues within Vietnam’s current water sector management legislation. / Kể từ năm 1986, đặc biệt là những năm đầu của thập kỷ 90, bảo vệ môi trường đã trở thành nguyên tắc hiến định (được quy định tại Điều 17 và 29 Hiến pháp 1992). Luật Bảo vệ môi trường đầu tiên được Quốc hội thông qua ngày 27 tháng 12 năm 1993 đã đặt nền móng cho việc hình thành hệ thống pháp luật về môi trường ở Việt Nam. Tiếp theo đó, ngày 20 tháng 05 năm 1998, Quốc hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội Việt Nam khóa X, kỳ họp thứ 3 đã thông qua văn bản luật đầu tiên về tài nguyên nước - Luật Tài nguyên nước số 08/1998/QH10 hình thành một nền tảng pháp lý cho hệ thống pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam. Trong những năm gần đây, hầu hết các văn bản dưới luật quan trọng và cần thiết cho việc hướng dẫn thi hành Luật Tài nguyên nước đã được ban hành và không ngừng được sửa đổi, bổ sung nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu phát triển và hội nhập quốc tế của đất nước trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, khung pháp lý hiện hành về tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam bao gồm một hệ thống các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật khá phức tạp, nhiều tầng nấc, được ban hành bởi nhiều cơ quan có thẩm quyền khác nhau. Mặc dù hệ thống pháp luật về tài nguyên nước đã được liên tục sửa đổi, bổ sung và hoàn thiện trong suốt một thập kỷ qua, nhưng rõ ràng vẫn chưa thực sự đi vào cuộc sống. Bài viết dưới đây đề cập chủ yến đến một số các thành tựu cũng như những vấn đề mâu thuẫn hiện tại của pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam.

The present research aims to contribute to Brazilian state management offering tools able to help the evaluation of any department/entity management. When considering the present level of maturity of state management, it is observed that it has a slow flow due to the quantity of items to be considered if compared to the improvements done at private enterprises level. We take it for granted the need of better motivation and stimuli levels on the part of state managers in order to improve management quality. The National Program of State Management and De-bureaucracy GesPública, put, into practice again in 2014 through the Office of State Management SEGEP belonging to Planning, Budget and Management Secretary MPOG, is an important and valuable evaluation tool of management based on the principles of Excellence Model in Management MEG, of The National Foundation for Quality FNQ. However, the model developed in 2014, based on the Excellence Model of State Management MEGP, is the sole one and presents a great amount of items to be answered /attended to. As a result, we have arrived at the proposition of the following problem: How should be the simplified tools of State Management aligned to the National Program of State Management and De-bureaucracy GesPública 2014 version? Therefore, in order to answer these issues, the present research has the general aim to propose intermediate tools for GesPública employing as a reference the intermediate tools of FNQ and of the RS Quality and Productivity Program PGQP. The field theoretical literature started with a historical analysis of Brazilian state management, quality in state management and management excellence. Also, it was attempted a contextualization of the history of FNQ and PGQP s results and quality awards as well as management evaluation. As part of the theoretical literature, it was also proposed an analysis on the present program in use to evaluate state management, GesPública. Concerning methodology, descriptive and exploratory research was employed with a qualitative approach and based on technical procedures such as researches of content analysis and documentary analysis making use of adequacy and reducing strategies. Based on the analysis of documents and valid referential tools to evaluate management in enterprises, there were proposed the reducing and the implementation of three intermediate evaluation tools for state management evaluation. Later, a pre-validation of the new proposed tools was carried out with state managers that knew the criteria and requisites of excellence developed by FNQ and/or GesPública. / Este trabalho se propõe a contribuir com a gestão pública brasileira, oferecendo, como resultado, ferramentas capazes de auxiliar a avaliação da gestão de qualquer órgão/entidade. Ao considerarmos a maturidade da gestão pública atualmente, notase que ela caminha de forma lenta e desproporcional aos avanços da gestão privada. Entendemos ser necessário uma maior motivação e estímulo dos gestores públicos para a melhoria da qualidade da gestão. O Programa Nacional de Gestão Pública e Desburocratização GesPública, revitalizado no ano de 2014, por meio da Secretaria de Gestão Pública SEGEP, do Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão MPOG, é um importante e valioso instrumento de avaliação da gestão, baseado nos princípios do Modelo de Excelência em Gestão MEG, da Fundação Nacional da Qualidade FNQ. Porém, o instrumento gerado em 2014, baseado nos princípios do Modelo de Excelência em Gestão Pública MEGP, é único e apresenta elevado número de questionamentos a serem respondidos/atendidos. Dessa forma, chegamos à proposição da seguinte problemática: como devem ser os instrumentos simplificados de Gestão Pública alinhados ao Programa Nacional de Gestão Pública e Desburocratização GesPública versão 2014? Para responder ao questionamento levantado é que o estudo tem por objetivo geral propor instrumentos intermediários para o GesPública, utilizando como referência os instrumentos intermediários da FNQ e do Programa Gaúcho da Qualidade e Produtividade PGQP. A revisão teórica iniciou com o histórico da gestão pública brasileira, a qualidade na gestão pública brasileira e a excelência da gestão. Ainda buscou-se contextualizar a história da FNQ e PGQP, assim como os seus produtos e prêmios de qualidade e de avaliação da gestão. Para finalizar a parte teórica do trabalho, foi proposto um olhar sobre o atual programa em vigor para a avaliação da gestão pública, o GesPública. Na metodologia, utilizou-se de pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e com base nos procedimentos técnicos como pesquisa de análise de conteúdo e análise documental, utilizando a estratégia de adequação e redução. A partir da análise empreendida nos documentos e instrumentos referencias válidos para avaliação da gestão privada, foram propostas a redução que resultou na criação de três instrumentos de avaliação de gestão pública intermediários. Posteriormente, realizou-se a pré-validação dos novos instrumentos propostos, com gestores públicos que já conheciam os critérios e requisitos de excelências disseminados pela FNQ e/ou GesPública.

The title of following thesis refers to an assertion made by entrepreneur and chairman of business firm party ANO 2011 Andrej Babiš. His slogan proposing 'to run the state in the same way as the firm' helped him to electoral gain accounting for 18,65% of votes securing the place in the government. Based on the broader theoretical framework of so called 'non-classical' economic approach to the notion of democracy this thesis focuses on the presence of economical features in functioning of two Czech political subjects VV and ANO 2011. Research unfolds at two levels. First, it concentrates on general considerations about theoretical significance of business-firm theories in the framework of functioning of democratic state. Second, it presents an application of these theories - a case study of two Czech political parties.

Stormwater treatment is commonly performed with a combination of approaches including the utilization of natural systems and engineered devices. Before using a proprietary treatment instrument it is required to verify its performance and efficiency in reducing different pollution components including the TSS. Different states have developed strategies and regulations for accepting new instruments. In this thesis the stormwater management plan of the City of Portland, Oregon(2008), is analyzed in order to improve the current regulations. These rules apply to new technologies which are proposed by vendors to be used in Portland's stormwater treatment plans. Each requirement which should be met by the applying vendors is thoroughly analyzed followed by a comparison with the Stormwater management plan(2008)regulations of the state of Washington the so called Technology Assessment Plan-Ecology TAPE (Howie, 2011). Because of the similarities in the climate and land use between these two testing frameworks in order to evaluate the potential applicability of data submitted by vendors who had devices approved by Washington, to be utilized by Portland. The treatment of total suspended solids (TSS) is the focus of this thesis since it is central to the testing process and since most of the other pollutions are attached to TSS and will get treated if TSS is treated. The overall analysis shows that Portland adopts more restrictive requirements on the characterization of stormwater event samples to be treated by a technological instrument while Washington's restriction are more stringent on the efficiency of total suspended solid removal, in which it demands higher standards on the treatment of TSS compared to Portland's efficiency requirements. In order to study practical context in which regulations are administrated by Portland, rainfall data from 66 gauges covering the period of 1980-2011 was studied and the impacts of seasonality, land use, land form, periods of no rain before and after an event and Portland's Modified Performance line on the number of accepted rain events were analyzed. The results which were accepted by state of Washington were also compared with the results accepted by the city of Portland on Portland's Standard Performance line. Our seasonality study suggests that Portland's requirements are unnecessarily restrictive which results in the disqualification of many otherwise useful stormwater events, sometimes allowing no natural events to be available for testing in dry years. The analysis of land use showed that land use has no statistically significant impact on the concentration levels of TSS, thereby indicating that land use restrictions in the testing rules could be usefully relaxed. Decreasing the interevent no-rain period significantly increases the total number of events providing sufficient data to assess the performance of treatment facilities. We also showed that many more events become suitable for performance testing if events separated by one hours or less are considered a single, longer event. Finally we identified a statistical relationship between number of forecasted accepted stormwater events and the total average daily precipitation in a given year.

Since 1986 and especially during the early 90s, environmental protection has become a constitutional principle in Vietnam as regulated by Articles 17 and 29 of the 1992 Constitution. The first Law on Environmental Protection, passed by the National Assembly on December 27, 1993 created a foundation for environmental legislation becoming an important field in Vietnam’s legal system. In the following, Vietnam enacted its very first Law on Water Resources (No. 08/1998/QH10) in January 1999 aiming to provide a foundational framework for managing the water sector in Vietnam. In recent years, the legislative framework on water resources management has further developed. Important water-related regulations on the guidance and implementation of the Law on Water Resources have been issued and often amended to meet the requirements of the country’s development, and its international integration. To date, Vietnam’s legislation on the water sector consists of a complex system of legal documents issued by different state agencies. Though legislation of water sector management in Vietnam has greatly improved during the last decade, it has obviously not yet come to full fruition. Hence, the paper intends to provide an overview of achievements as well as problems and conflicting issues within Vietnam’s current water sector management legislation. / Kể từ năm 1986, đặc biệt là những năm đầu của thập kỷ 90, bảo vệ môi trường đã trở thành nguyên tắc hiến định (được quy định tại Điều 17 và 29 Hiến pháp 1992). Luật Bảo vệ môi trường đầu tiên được Quốc hội thông qua ngày 27 tháng 12 năm 1993 đã đặt nền móng cho việc hình thành hệ thống pháp luật về môi trường ở Việt Nam. Tiếp theo đó, ngày 20 tháng 05 năm 1998, Quốc hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội Việt Nam khóa X, kỳ họp thứ 3 đã thông qua văn bản luật đầu tiên về tài nguyên nước - Luật Tài nguyên nước số 08/1998/QH10 hình thành một nền tảng pháp lý cho hệ thống pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam. Trong những năm gần đây, hầu hết các văn bản dưới luật quan trọng và cần thiết cho việc hướng dẫn thi hành Luật Tài nguyên nước đã được ban hành và không ngừng được sửa đổi, bổ sung nhằm đáp ứng nhu cầu phát triển và hội nhập quốc tế của đất nước trong nhiều lĩnh vực khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, khung pháp lý hiện hành về tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam bao gồm một hệ thống các văn bản quy phạm pháp luật khá phức tạp, nhiều tầng nấc, được ban hành bởi nhiều cơ quan có thẩm quyền khác nhau. Mặc dù hệ thống pháp luật về tài nguyên nước đã được liên tục sửa đổi, bổ sung và hoàn thiện trong suốt một thập kỷ qua, nhưng rõ ràng vẫn chưa thực sự đi vào cuộc sống. Bài viết dưới đây đề cập chủ yến đến một số các thành tựu cũng như những vấn đề mâu thuẫn hiện tại của pháp luật bảo vệ nguồn tài nguyên nước ở Việt Nam.

Apache Flink is a stream processing framework that provides a unified state management mechanism which, at its core, treats stream processing as a sequence of distributed transactions. Flink handles failures, re-scaling and reconfiguration seamlessly via a form of a two-phase commit protocol that periodically commits all past side effects consistently into the state backends. This involves invoking and combining checkpoints and, in time of need, redistributing the state to resume data pipelines. All the existing Flink state backend implementations, such as RocksDB, are embedded and coupled with the compute nodes. Therefore, recovery time is proportional to the state needed to be reconfigured and that can take from a few seconds to hours. If application logic is compute-heavy and Flink’s tasks are overloaded, scaling out compute pipeline means scaling out storage together with compute tasks and vice-versa because of the embedded state backends. It also introduces delays due to expensive state re-shuffle and moving large state on the wire. This thesis work proposes the decoupling of the state storage from compute to improve Flink’s scalability. It introduces the design and implementation of a new State backend, FlinkNDB, that decouples state storage from compute. Furthermore, we designed and implemented new techniques to perform snapshotting, and failure recovery to reduce the recovery time close to zero. / Apache Flink är ett strömbehandlingsramverk som tillhandahåller en enhetlig tillståndshanteringsmekanism som i sin kärna behandlar strömbehandling som en sekvens av distribuerade transaktioner. Flink hanterar fel, omskalning och omkonfigurering sömlöst via en form av ett tvåfas-engagemangsprotokoll som regelbundet begår alla tidigare biverkningar konsekvent i tillståndets backends. Detta innebär att man åberopar och kombinerar kontrollpunkter och vid behov omdistribuerar dess tillstånd för att återuppta dataledningar. Alla befintliga backendimplementeringar för Flink-tillstånd, som Rocks- DB, är inbäddade och kopplade till beräkningsnoderna. Därför är återhämtningstiden proportionell mot det tillstånd som behöver konfigureras om och det kan ta från några sekunder till timmar. Om applikationslogiken är beräkningstung och Flinks uppgifter är överbelastade, innebär utskalning av beräkningsrörledning att utskalning av lagring, tillsammans med beräkningsuppgifter och vice versa på grund av det inbäddade tillståndet i backend. Det introducerar också förseningar i förhållande till dyra tillståndsförflyttningar och flyttning av stora datamängder som upptar stora delar av bandbredden. Detta avhandlingsarbete föreslår frikoppling av tillståndslagring från beräkning för att förbättra Flinks skalbarhet. Den introducerar designen och implementeringen av ett nytt tillstånd i backend, FlinkNDB, som frikopplar tillståndslagring från beräkning. Avslutningsvis designade och implementerade vi nya tekniker för att utföra snapshotting och felåterställning för att minska återhämtningstiden till nära noll.

The aim of this diploma thesis is methodical recommendation to the management of education in a given area of culture for individual culture bearers represented by the founders of historical monuments and their administrators. Stated goals have been achieved through content analysis of strategic materials and their reflections in specific organizations, based on interviews with culture representatives in the field of historical monuments on one side and education experts on the other side. The aim of the interviews is to identify the consistencies, differences and tendencies in the explored sector, which will then be reflected in the methodological recommendations to the individual cultural bearers. Author defines basic terminology related to the culture and its historical development in the theoretical part of the thesis, placing a significant focus on the definition of cultural and Christian values that have shaped modern-day Europe. These theoretical principles are then developed through a chronologic overview of main activities and strategic documents of the Czech Republic as well as by the European Union and international expert institutions taking care of maintenance and development of culture and cultural heritage in education. Practical part of the thesis then follows content analysis of...

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