Product placement je nový fenomén marketingové komunikace. Tato práce přináší analýzu product placementu a principů, na nichž je založen. Definuje placement. Popisuje jeho historický vývoj a současnou situaci. Zkoumá, zda je tento nástroj efektivní z hlediska marketingu. Pozastavuje se také nad rozdílným přístupem k regulaci placementu v USA a v Evropě. Zkoumá etiku placementu a odhaduje jeho budoucí vývoj na globálním trhu a v ČR.

Additional out-of-home placement rates for adolescents in long-term regional treatment center (LTRT) programs in the United States are between 50% and 75%. There appears to be a failure to generalize treatment to home and community in programs that do not fully integrate family involvement. The collaborative intensive bridging services (CIBS) treatment model uses intensive family therapy and brief residential treatment center (RTC) placement to reduce or eliminate use of LTRT. Using family systems theory, the purpose of this study was to determine whether participation in CIBS provided better outcomes than LTRT programs. The study used archival data collected by Family Adolescents and Children's Family Services, Inc. and children's mental health providers in a certain Minnesota county over approximately 5 years. There were 33 adolescents in the CIBS group and 33 in the LTRT group. The 3 research questions were (1) did the CIBS group have significantly fewer total out-of-home placements than the LTRT group, (2) did gender have any effect on this, and (3) were there any interaction effects on total out-of-home placement days from the combination of gender and program participation. Results of two-way ANOVA analyses showed a significant main effect for the first research question (p = .00, partial ɳ-² = .40), no significant main effect for the second (p = .46, partial ɳ-² = .01), and no significant main effect for the third (p = .15, partial ɳ-² = .03). These findings supported the position that participation in CIBS treatment resulted in statistically fewer total out-of-home placement days (TPD) than participation in LTRT. Social change implications include improved individual and family functioning for families in need as well as reduced financial expenditure for treatment.

From longitudinal data from 223 children with disabilities in Utah, variables collected at entry into Part C early intervention and Part B early childhood special education services were used to differentiate between children and to predict placement outcomes in elementary school. Scores on the Battelle Developmental Inventory, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Parenting Stress Index, Social Skills Rating System, number of hours mothers worked outside the home, and fathers ' education in years were differentiated between children who exited from and children who remained in special education. These same scores were also used to predict whether children would remain in or exit from special education services using discriminant analysis statistical procedures. The use of scores helped differentiate and predict placement for children who entered the original study in Part B preschool special education services.

We consider the optimization problem of safety stock placement in a supply chain, as formulated in [1]. We prove that this problem is NP-Hard for supply chains modeled as general acyclic networks. Thus, we do not expect to find a polynomial-time algorithm for safety stock placement for a general-network supply chain. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

A phenomenology study reveals the lived meanings of product placement in social network sites (SNSs) among Chinese urban, white-collar professional users through an investigation of a newly launched SNS, Happy Network. In total, 25 face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. Findings indicated that participants’ interpretations of product placement were interrelated with the socially constructed meanings of the SNS, participants’ social role of white-collar professionals, and the consumer culture of contemporary Chinese society. In particular, the emerged themes with regard to the shared meanings of the SNS include five dialectic relations: in control/controlled by, dependent/independent, public/private, intimate/distant, and personal/social. Meanwhile, the socially constructed meanings of product placement in the context of SNS are justifying the existence, connecting to the real world, noticing the familiar, insinuating brand image, and linking to consumption.

In chemical processes, online measurements of all the process variables and parameters required for process control, monitoring and optimization are seldom available. The use of soft sensors or observers is, therefore, highly significant as they can estimate unmeasured state variables from available process measurements. However, for reliable estimation by a soft sensor, the process measurements have to be placed at locations that allow reconstruction of process variables by the soft sensors. This dissertation presents a new technique for computing an optimal measurement structure for state and parameter estimation of stable nonlinear systems. The methodology can compute locations for individual sensors as well as networks of sensors where a trade-off between process information, sensor cost, and information redundancy is taken into account. The novel features of the approach are (1) that the nonlinear behavior that a process can exhibit over its operating region can be taken into account, (2) that the technique is applicable for systems described by lumped or by distributed parameter models, (3) that the technique reduces to already established methods, if the system is linear and only some of the objectives are examined, (4) that the results obtained from the procedure can be easily interpreted, and (5) that the resulting optimization problem can be decomposed, resulting in a significant reduction of the computational effort required for its solution. The other issue addressed in this dissertation is designing soft sensors for a given measurement structure. In case of high-dimensional systems, the application of conventional soft sensor or observer designs may not always be practical due to the high computational requirements or the resulting observers being too sensitive to measurement noise. To address these issues, this dissertation presents reduced-order observer design techniques for state estimation of high-dimensional chemical processes. The motivation behind these approaches is that subspaces, which are close to being unobservable, cannot be correctly reconstructed in a realistic setting due to measurement noise and inaccuracies in the model. The presented approaches make use of this observation and reconstruct the parts of the system where accurate state estimation is possible.

As the field programmable gate array (FPGA) industry grows device capacity with Moore's law and expands its market to high performance computing, scalability of its key CAD algorithms emerges as a new priority to deliver a user experience competitive to parallel processors. Among the many walls to overcome, placement stands out due to its critical impact on both frontend synthesis and backend routing. To construct a scalable placement flow, we present three innovations in detailed placement: a legalizer that works well under low whitespace; a wirelength optimizer based on bipartite matching; and a cache-aware annealer. When applied to the hundred-thousand cell IBM benchmark suite, our detailed placer can achieve 27% better wirelength and 8X faster runtime against FastDP, the fastest academic detailed placer reported, and our full placement flow can achieve 101X faster runtime, with 5% wirelength overhead, against VPR, the de facto standard in FPGA placements.

As the field programmable gate array (FPGA) industry grows device capacity with Moore's law and expands its market to high performance computing, scalability of its key CAD algorithms emerges as a new priority to deliver a user experience competitive to parallel processors. Among the many walls to overcome, placement stands out due to its critical impact on both frontend synthesis and backend routing. To construct a scalable placement flow, we present three innovations in detailed placement: a legalizer that works well under low whitespace; a wirelength optimizer based on bipartite matching; and a cache-aware annealer. When applied to the hundred-thousand cell IBM benchmark suite, our detailed placer can achieve 27% better wirelength and 8X faster runtime against FastDP, the fastest academic detailed placer reported, and our full placement flow can achieve 101X faster runtime, with 5% wirelength overhead, against VPR, the de facto standard in FPGA placements.

Piezoelectric actuators have proven to be useful in suppressing disturbances and shape control of flexible structures. Large space structures such as solar arrays are susceptible to large amplitude vibrations while in orbit. Moreover, Shape control of many high precision structures such as large membrane mirrors and space antenna is of great importance. Since most of these structures need to be ultra-light-weight, only a limited number of actuators can be used. Consequently, in order to obtain the most effcient control system, the locations of the piezoelectric elements as well as the feedback gain should be optimized. These optimization problems are generally non-convex. In addition, the models for these systems typically have a large number of degrees of freedom. Researchers have used numerous optimization criteria and optimization techniques to find the optimal actuator locations in structural shape and vibration control. Due to the non-convex nature of the problem, evolutionary optimization techniques are extensively used. However, One drawback of these methods is that they do not use the gradient information and so convergence can be very slow. Classical gradient-based techniques, on the other hand, have the advantage of accurate computation; however, they may be computationally expensive, particularly since multiple initial conditions are typically needed to ensure that a global optimum is found. Consequently, a fast, yet global optimization method applicable to systems with a large number of degrees of freedom is needed. In this study, the feedback control is chosen to be an optimal linear quadratic regulator. The optimal actuator location problem is reformulated as a convex optimization problem. A subgradient-based optimization scheme which leads to the global solution of the problem is introduced to optimize the actuator locations. The optimization algorithm is applied to optimize the placement of piezoelectric actuators in vibration control of flexible structures. This method is compared with a genetic algorithm, and is observed to be faster in finding the global optimum. Moreover, by expanding the desired shape into the structure’s modes of vibration, a methodology for shape control of structures is presented. Applying this method, locations of piezoelectric actuators on flexible structures are optimized. Very few experimental studies exist on shape and vibration control of structures. To the best knowledge of the author, optimal actuator placement in shape control has not been experimentally studied in the past. In this work, vibration control of a cantilever beam is investigated for various actuator locations and the effect of optimal actuator placement is studied on suppressing disturbances to the beam. Also using the proposed shape control method, the effect of optimal actuator placement is studied on the same beam. The final shape of the beam and input voltages of actuators are compared for various actuator placements.