Orientador: Alcebíades Ribeiro Campos / Banca: Arlindo Leal Boiça Júnior / Banca: Edson Lazarini / Resumo: O tripes do prateamento Enneothrips flavens é considerado uma praga limitante a produção de amendoim e o uso de cultivares resistentes evita ou reduz a aplicação de inseticida proporcionando uma maior segurança e lucratividade à atividade. O trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar a resistência ao tripes e o potencial produtivo de genótipos de amendoim. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da UNESP/Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. Os dois primeiros experimentos foram instalados na época das águas com semeadura realizada em 12/11/2001 com os genótipos: 1 - IAC-Tatu-ST, IAC 81-12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 e IAC 24, de hábito de crescimento ereto; 2 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua e IAC 5024, hábito de crescimento rasteiro. O terceiro e quarto experimentos foram instalados na época da seca com semeadura realizada em 03/02/2002 com os genótipos: 3 - IAC-Tatu-ST, IAC 81- 12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 e IAC 24, hábito de crescimento ereto, com e sem inseticida e 4 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua e IAC 5024, de hábito de crescimento rasteiro, com e sem inseticida. Nas amostragens foram realizadas contagens de adultos e ninfas de tripes; avaliações de sintomas de danos, de área foliar, de altura de plantas e da produção. Os resultados mostram que as ninfas e adultos mais ninfas por apresentarem populações mais expressivas são mais adequadas para avaliação da resistência de genótipos de amendoim a E. flavens; o sistema de avaliação por atribuição de notas mostrou-se adequado para avaliação de resistência de genótipos de amendoim a E. flavens; nos genótipos de crescimento ereto a maior população de E. flavens ocorre dos 30 aos 72 dias após a emergência das plantas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The silvering thrips Enneothrips flavens is considered to be a restrictive plague regarding the peanut production, and the use of resistant cultivars avoids or decreases the insecticide application turning the activity and profitability safer. The study was performed in order to evaluate peanut genotypes resistance to thrips and their production potential. The experiments were conducted at the Research and Teaching Facilities Farm of the Engineering University-FE/UNESP, located in Selvíria-MS. The first two experiments were installed at that time of the waters with planting accomplished in 12/11/2001 with the genotypes: 1 - IAC- Tatu-ST, IAC 81-12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 and IAC 24, habit of erect growth; 2 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua and IAC 5024, habit of low growth; The third and fourth experiments were installed at that time of the drought with planting accomplished in 03/02/2002 with the genotypes: 3 - IAC-Tatu-ST, IAC 81-12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 and IAC 24, habit of erect growth, with and without insecticide and 4 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua and IAC 5024, habit of low growth, with and without insecticide. In the samplings, adults and nymphs were counted and damage symptoms of the leaf area and the plants' height and production were evaluated. The results show that populations of nymphs and populations of nymphs plus adults are more appropriate for the evaluation of the peanut genotypes resistance to E. flavens, as they are more expressive; the grading system proved itself to be appropriate to the evaluation of the peanut genotypes resistance to E. flavens; in the erect growth genotypes, the larger population of E. flavens occurs from the 30 th to the 72 nd day after the plants emerge; the erect growth genotypes IAC 88-1 and IAC-Tatu-ST... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-02-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 perozini_ac_me_ilha.pdf: 1652133 bytes, checksum: a55293b026be090f954cffe9b68dff43 (MD5) / O tripes do prateamento Enneothrips flavens é considerado uma praga limitante a produção de amendoim e o uso de cultivares resistentes evita ou reduz a aplicação de inseticida proporcionando uma maior segurança e lucratividade à atividade. O trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar a resistência ao tripes e o potencial produtivo de genótipos de amendoim. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da UNESP/Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS. Os dois primeiros experimentos foram instalados na época das águas com semeadura realizada em 12/11/2001 com os genótipos: 1 - IAC-Tatu-ST, IAC 81-12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 e IAC 24, de hábito de crescimento ereto; 2 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua e IAC 5024, hábito de crescimento rasteiro. O terceiro e quarto experimentos foram instalados na época da seca com semeadura realizada em 03/02/2002 com os genótipos: 3 - IAC-Tatu-ST, IAC 81- 12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 e IAC 24, hábito de crescimento ereto, com e sem inseticida e 4 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua e IAC 5024, de hábito de crescimento rasteiro, com e sem inseticida. Nas amostragens foram realizadas contagens de adultos e ninfas de tripes; avaliações de sintomas de danos, de área foliar, de altura de plantas e da produção. Os resultados mostram que as ninfas e adultos mais ninfas por apresentarem populações mais expressivas são mais adequadas para avaliação da resistência de genótipos de amendoim a E. flavens; o sistema de avaliação por atribuição de notas mostrou-se adequado para avaliação de resistência de genótipos de amendoim a E. flavens; nos genótipos de crescimento ereto a maior população de E. flavens ocorre dos 30 aos 72 dias após a emergência das plantas... / The silvering thrips Enneothrips flavens is considered to be a restrictive plague regarding the peanut production, and the use of resistant cultivars avoids or decreases the insecticide application turning the activity and profitability safer. The study was performed in order to evaluate peanut genotypes resistance to thrips and their production potential. The experiments were conducted at the Research and Teaching Facilities Farm of the Engineering University-FE/UNESP, located in Selvíria-MS. The first two experiments were installed at that time of the waters with planting accomplished in 12/11/2001 with the genotypes: 1 - IAC- Tatu-ST, IAC 81-12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 and IAC 24, habit of erect growth; 2 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua and IAC 5024, habit of low growth; The third and fourth experiments were installed at that time of the drought with planting accomplished in 03/02/2002 with the genotypes: 3 - IAC-Tatu-ST, IAC 81-12, IAC 88-1, IAC 88-2, IAC 22 and IAC 24, habit of erect growth, with and without insecticide and 4 - Nahuel, IAC Caiapó, IAC Jumbo, Cavalo, Tégua and IAC 5024, habit of low growth, with and without insecticide. In the samplings, adults and nymphs were counted and damage symptoms of the leaf area and the plants’ height and production were evaluated. The results show that populations of nymphs and populations of nymphs plus adults are more appropriate for the evaluation of the peanut genotypes resistance to E. flavens, as they are more expressive; the grading system proved itself to be appropriate to the evaluation of the peanut genotypes resistance to E. flavens; in the erect growth genotypes, the larger population of E. flavens occurs from the 30 th to the 72 nd day after the plants emerge; the erect growth genotypes IAC 88-1 and IAC-Tatu-ST... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Francisco Carlos Groppo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T06:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pochapski_MarciaThais_D.pdf: 4960978 bytes, checksum: c0aeb42ab2686a52248c714bbe0b69ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi realizar o screening fitoquímico, quantificar metabólitos secundários e determinar a atividade antioxidante do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico das folhas de Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (batata-doce) (EBHBD). Foi determinada também sua toxicidade, atividade antimicrobiana e anti-inflamatória. Uma formulação farmacêutica em gel contendo o EBHBD foi desenvolvida para testar o seu efeito clínico no biofilme dental e gengivite em humanos. Os testes fitoquímicos foram realizados para determinar os componentes e quantificar os metabólitos secundários. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método do fosfomolibdênio. A análise toxicológica foi feita pelo teste de viabilidade celular e com o bioensaio utilizando Artemia salina (microcrustáceo). A análise microbiológica foi realizada por meio da sensibilidade em microrganismos aeróbios. A atividade anti-inflamatória foi avaliada em cultura de fibroblastos e com os testes de edema de orelha (camundongo) e pata (rato). A formulação em gel foi desenvolvida com EBHBD em hidroxietilicelulose, sendo conduzidos os testes de controle de qualidade (pH, densidade absoluta, consistência e avaliação microbiológica). O efeito do gel contendo EBHBD no biofilme dental e gengivite foi estudado utilizando um modelo de gengivite experimental parcial em humanos. Vinte e cinco indivíduos foram selecionados para participar deste estudo cruzado duplo-cego, no qual foram estabelecidos três períodos experimentais de 15 dias cada um com intervalo de 10 dias. Os pacientes foram submetidos a 3 tratamentos (T): T1- Gel placebo, T2- Gel contendo EBHBD a 10%; T3- Gel de clorexidina a 2% (controle positivo). Os parâmetros avaliados foram: índice de placa; índice de sangramento marginal modificado; fluido gengival e análise microbiológica do biofilme supragengival. Os dentes analisados foram: 15, 16, 35 e 36. Os resultados do estudo fitoquímico demonstraram a presença de flavonóides, alcalóides, antraquinonas, taninos e saponinas. A quantificação de metabólicos secundários mostrou em 100 g de material vegetal seco: fenólicos totais: 662,02 ± 28,91 mg; alcalóides: 345,65 ± 15,52 mg e antraquinonas: 328,44 ± 8,17 mg. A média da atividade antioxidante relativa do EBHBD foi igual a 43% e do gel foi 57%, em relação a 100% do total de atividade antioxidante atribuída ao ácido ascórbico. O EBHBD foi considerado atóxico e sem atividade antimicrobiana de acordo com os testes realizados. Foi observada redução na liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias em cultura de fibroblastos gengivais de humano (p<0,05) e diminuição da atividade anti-inflamatória no edema de orelha em camundongos (redução de 27%) e no edema de pata em ratos (redução de 24%). No estudo clínico não se observaram diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05) entre os parâmetros avaliados (índice de placa, sangramento marginal, fluído gengival e contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias de biofilme supragengival). Dentro das limitações deste estudo, sugere-se que o EBHBD apresentou moderada atividade antioxidante e propriedades anti-inflamatórias in vitro, porém não apresentou efeito clínico sobre biofilme dental e inflamação gengival / Abstract: The aim of this research was to perform the phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites quantification and determine the antioxidant activity of crude extract of the leaves of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (sweet potato) (EBHBD). The crude toxicity, antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory properties were also determined. A gel pharmaceutical formulation containing EBHBD was developed and evaluated the clinical effect on dental biofilm and gingivitis in humans. Phytochemical tests were conducted to determine the components and quantify secondary metabolites. The antioxidant activity was determined by the phosphomolybdenum method. Toxicological bioassays were carried out on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and cell viability test. The Antimicrobial activity was performed on aerobic microorganisms. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in fibroblast cell culture and on the ear (mouse) and paw (rats) edema tests. The EBHBD hidroxietilicelulose gel formulation was developed and control quality tests were conducted (pH, absolute density, consistence and microbiological analysis). The effect of EBHBD gel on plaque and gingivitis was studied using an experimental model of partial gingivitis in humans. Twenty-five individuals were selected to participate in this double-blind crossover study, with three experimental periods of 15 days each with an interval of 10 days. The patients underwent three treatments (T): T1- Placebo gel, T2- 10% EBHBD gel T3- 2% chlorhexidine gel (positive control). The parameters evaluated were: plaque index, modified marginal bleeding index, gingival fluid and microbiological analysis of supragingival biofilm. Teeth evaluated: 15, 16, 35 and 36. The results demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins and saponins. The secondary metabolites quantification showed in 100 g of dried plant material: phenolic: 662.02 ± 28.91 mg; alkaloids: 345.65 ± 15.52 mg and anthraquinones: 328.44 ± 8.17 mg. The EBHBD antioxidant activity relative average was 43% and the 10% EBHBD gel was 57% in comparison of the ascorbic acid antioxidant activity (100%). The EBHBD was considered no toxic and no antimicrobial activity according to tests. The EBHBD reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines on human gingival fibroblast cell culture (p <0.05) and decreased anti-inflammatory activity on ear edema in mouse (27% reduction) and paw edema in rats (24% reduction). In the clinical study there were no statisticaldifferences (p> 0.05) among the parameters (plaque index, marginal gingival bleeding, gingival fluid and colony-forming unit of supragingival biofilm). Within the limits of this study, it was possible suggest that the EBHBD showed moderate antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties in vitro, but showed no clinical effect on plaque and gingivitis / Doutorado / Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica / Doutor em Odontologia

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Biology / Jack F. Cully, Jr. / Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are epizootic hosts for plague (Yersinia pestis); however, alternate enzootic hosts are important for the maintenance of the pathogen. We determined small rodents and prairie dog associations and quantified rodent and flea relationships in the presence and absence of prairie dog colonies and plague. We identified potential alternate hosts and flea vectors for the maintenance and transmission of plague in the prairie ecosystem. This is the first multi-year study to investigate associations between prairie dogs, rodents and fleas across the range of the black-tailed prairie dog. Few rodent species associated with black-tailed prairie dogs and were found to be highly abundant on colonies. Rodent species implicated in plague were present at study areas with and without plague. Peromyscus maniculatus and Onychomus leucogaster, two widely occurring species, were more abundant in areas with a recent history of plague. Flea community characteristics varied within each study area in the presence and absence of prairie dogs. Based on flea diversity on rodents, and the role of rodents and fleas in plague, we identified P. maniculatus and O. leucogaster and their associated fleas, Aetheca wagneri, Malareus telchinus, Orchopeas leucopus, Peromyscopsylla hesperomys, and Pleochaetis exilis to be important for the dynamics of sylvatic plague in our study areas. Peromyscus maniculatus and O. leucogaster were consistently infected with Bartonella spp., another blood parasite. Presence of prairie dog fleas on other rodents at both off and on prairie dog colonies suggests the potential for intra and interspecific transmission of fleas between rodent hosts, and between other small rodents and prairie dogs.

This thesis examines a mass-produced broadsheet printed during the Great Plague of London (1664-1666), which unites the textual modes of poetry and medical prescription with imagery and statistical tabulation, titled Londons Lord Have Mercy Upon Us. The central woodcut on the broadsheet presents a view of London as a bounded expansion, and relegates the images of death, particularly registered in the personification of Death, to the outskirts of the city. This visual separation of the city from the plague sick (and the plague dead) is most profoundly registered on the border of the broadsheet, which is adorned with momento mori imagery. The ordered presentation of the plague city is likewise established in the mortality tabulations on the sheet. These tabulations, which were culled from the contemporaneous London Bills of Mortality, make visible the extent of the disease in the city, while simultaneously linking the plague to the poor London suburbs. Of particular interest are the representation of faces on the broadsheet – the face of the dead, the face of Death and the face of the city – and how these images relate to the plague orders imposed on the city population by the Corporation of London. These orders sought medically and legally to contain, and spatially to control, the larger social body of London through enacting a kind of erasure upon the identities of the sick and dead. These erasures registered themselves in material form as a kind of facelessness, a motif found on the figure of Death and in the skull-faces of the dead. This motif visually registers the various anxieties expressed towards the faces of the plague-sick by many contemporaries living in plague-London, an anxiety about those who visibly displayed the signs of their contagion and, more threatening still, about those who were asymptomatic. An increasing understanding of the plague as both visible and controllable in the early modern city of London was continuously being challenged by the conflicting belief that plague was a disease of invisible extension and manifestation. This variance is deeply registered in the ambiguous depiction of the plague-dead in the frame of the sheet. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

This essay explores how the fictional portrayals of man-before-death in Albert Camus’ The Plague can convey insights related to studies in world views. Its thesis argues that the relationship between the author, the text and the reader provides a dialogue where the author can transmit his or her ideas to the reader whom is given a possibility of interpreting the text in accordance with his or her context. The thesis was conducted by organising a close-reading of three scenes from The Plague by an allegorical type of interpretation (Quadriga) in order to create a dialogue between the novel and contemporary studies of world views and the works of Albert Camus. Altogether, this thesis contributes to show how The Plague’s depictions of death can be used as a world-view document as well as demonstrating how its reader can use it to cope with scenarios in modern society.

Plague outbreaks in the past have been disastrous where domestic rats and their fleas of certain species were common. Plague has been known to occur in most parts of the world (Robertson 1923), and has occurred as human epidemics for many centuries (Dubos 1948).

No description available.

Pandemics of plague have reemerged multiple times throughout human history with tremendous mortality and extensive geographic spread. The First Pandemic (6th - 8th century) devastated the Mediterranean world, the Second Pandemic (14th - 19th century) swept across much of Afro-Eurasia, and the Third Pandemic (19th - 20th century) reached every continent except for Antarctica, and continues to persist in various endemic foci around the world. Despite centuries of historical research, the epidemiology of these pandemics remains enigmatic. However, recent technological advancements have yielded a novel form of evidence: ancient DNA of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis. In this thesis, I explore how genomic data can be used to unravel the mysteries of when and where this disease appeared in the past. In particular, I focus on phylogenetic approaches to studying this 'small microbe' with 'big data' (i.e. 100s - 1000s of genomes). I begin by describing novel software I developed that supports the acquisition and curation of large amounts of DNA sequences in public databases. I then use this tool to create an updated global phylogeny of Y. pestis, which includes ~600 genomes with standardized metadata. I devise and validate a new approach for temporal modeling (i.e. molecular clock) that produces robust divergence dates in pandemic lineages of Y. pestis. In addition, I critically examine the questions that genomic evidence can and cannot address in isolation, such as whether the timing and spread of short-term epidemics can be confidently reconstructed. Finally, I apply this theoretical and methodological insight to a case study in which I reconstruct the appearance, persistence, and disappearance of plague in Denmark during the Second Pandemic. The three papers enclosed in this sandwich-thesis contribute to a larger body of work on the anthropology of plague, which seeks to understand how disease exposure and experience change over time and between human populations. Furthermore, this dissertation more broadly impacts both prospective studies of infectious disease, such as environmental surveillance and outbreak monitoring, and retrospective studies, which seek to date the emergence and spread of past pandemics. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The Plague is a disease that has profoundly impacted human history and is responsible for some of the most fatal pandemics ever recorded. It may surprise many to know that this disease is not a bygone of a past era, but in fact is still present in many regions of the world. Although researchers have been studying plague for hundreds of years, there are many aspects of its epidemiology that are enigmatic. In this thesis, I focus on how DNA from the plague bacterium can be used to estimate where and when this disease appeared in the past. To do so, I reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between modern and ancient strains of plague, using publicly available data and new DNA sequences retrieved from the skeletal remains of plague victims in Denmark. This work offers a new methodological framework for large-scale genetic analysis, provides a critique on what questions DNA evidence can and cannot answer, and expands our knowledge of the global diversity of plague.

No description available.