The apple rootstock ‘Geneva® 41’ (‘G.41’), is desirable for its resistance to fire blight, Erwinia amylovora, while producing high yields. However, ‘G.41’ and other Geneva® selections tend to form weak graft unions in the nursery that are susceptible to breaking in the wind, at harvest, or during shipment. In order to understand and remedy this graft union weakness, six scions (‘Fuji’, ‘Gala’, ‘Honeycrisp’, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Pink Lady’, and ‘Scilate’) by seven rootstocks (‘G.41’, ‘G.935’, ‘G.214’, ‘G.11’, ‘M.9-NIC 29’, ‘B.9’ and ‘EMLA 26’), by two grafting methods (chip bud and saddle graft) in a factorial design were tested for graft union flexural strength and flexibility. Additionally, plant growth regulators (PGR) were applied to trees with ‘G.41’ as rootstock as a solution to overcome graft union weakness. Transpiration rate and hydraulic resistance were measured for comparison of a weak graft forming rootstock (‘G.41’) to a strong graft forming rootstock (‘M.9-NIC 29’). ‘G.41’ consistently formed a weaker graft union regardless of scion or grafting method. Scions such as ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Pink Lady’ formed stronger graft unions, while ‘Scilate’ and ‘Honeycrisp’ form weaker graft unions. Saddle grafting did not improve graft union strength. Nurseries that graft on ‘G.41’ should choose scions that form stronger graft unions. Benzyl adenine (BA) in a latex paint increased the strength and flexibility of the graft union relative to scion cross sectional area (SCSA), but further research is needs to identify more efficient methods of application. Rootstock effect on transpiration rate was different between years. No detectable differences were found for hydraulic resistance through the graft union of different rootstocks, suggesting weaker graft unions did not limit hydraulic conductance or transpiration rate. Thus graft union weakness is not an indicator of poor vascular connection.

Orientador : Elizabeth Orika Ono / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Vandeir Francisco Guimarães / Banca: Manoel Abilio de Queiroz / Banca: Silvio José Bicudo / Resumo: Tratamentos com reguladores vegetais foram estudados em plantas de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. BRS-184) para avaliar o teor de clorofila das folhas, a altura da planta, o número de ramificações e altura de vagens. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu - UNESP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e oito tratamentos (testemunha; GA3 100 mg L-1; BAP 100 mg L-1; IBA 100 mg L-1; Stimulate® (IBA+GA3+Cinetina) 20 mL L-1; cloreto de mepiquat 100 mg L-1; cloreto de mepiquat 100 mg L-1+BAP 100 mg L-1+IBA 100 mg L-1 e ethephon 600 mg L-1. Os tratamentos foram aplicados três vezes, espaçados em 30 dias durante o ciclo da planta a partir do 43º dia e foram realizadas seis avaliações espaçados em 13 dias. Os tratamentos com BAP, ethephon e cloreto de mepiquat + IBA + BAP mantiveram o teor de clorofila nas folhas alto até o final do ciclo da planta. A altura de plantas foi menor que a testemunha em todos os tratamentos a partir de 90 dias após a semeadura, com exceção do tratamento com GA3, que manteve a altura de plantas superior durante todo ciclo da cultura. As ramificações das plantas foram incrementadas pelo tratamento com ethephon, que apresentou, a altura da primeira vagem inferior à testemunha. No tratamento com GA3, a altura da primeira vagem foi superior. / Abstract: Treatments with plant growth regulators were studied in soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. BRS-184) to assess the leaf chlorophyll content, the ramification number and the height of the pods. The experiment has been carried out at the greenhouse of the Botanic Department, Bioscience Institute, University of the Sao Paulo State - UNESP, campus of Rubiao Junior, Botucatu, Brazil. The used experimental design delineation was completely randomized block with three replications and eight treatments (control; GA3 100 mg L-1; BAP 100 mg L-1; IBA 100 mg L-1; Stimulate® (IBA+GA3+Cinetin) 20 mL L-1; mepiquat chloride 100 mg L-1; mepiquat chloride 100 mg L-1+BAP 100 mg L-1+IBA 100 mg L-1 and ethephon 600 mg L-1. The treatments were applied three times every 30 days during the plant cycle after 43 days and six evaluations have been made every 13 days. The treatments with BAP, ethephon and mepiquat chloride + IBA + BAP maintained the high chlorophyll content until the end of the plant cycle. The height of the plants was lower than the control in all treatments after the 90th day of sowing, excepting the treatment with GA3, which maintained the height of the plants during the cycle of cultivation. The plant stems were increased by the ethephon treatment; however, the height of the first pod was the lowest in this treatment and the highest in the treatment with GA3. / Doutor

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.) is the most widely used cool-season turf grass used for putting greens in North America. Frequently it becomes invaded with a persistent weed, annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Studies were conducted on a predominately annual bluegrass area managed as a putting green to attempt to quantify the impacts of plant growth regulator, seeding rate" and season on the success of introducing creeping bentgrass. Also, the impact of plant growth regulating substances on creeping bentgrass overall quality and seasonal rootmass production was evaluated. It was observed that creeping bentgrass does not become well established when overseeded into annual bluegrass regardless of plant growth regulator applications or season. Additionally 1I plant growth regulator application, following seedling emergence reduced creeping bentgrass seedling populations. Competition from established annual bluegrass and close frequent cutting were deemed reasons for lack of creeping bentgrass establishment success. Creeping bentgrass turf was maintained at a high level of quality with plant growth regulating substances. The use of the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyI reduced clipping production and was not detrimental to root production. Propiconizole application increased clippings and controlled Sclerotinia dollarspot. The application of a proprietary biostimulator material (3D) enhanced creeping bentgrass green color and generally increased rootmass over untreated turf. / Master of Science

Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, canola (Brassica napus L.) is produced under short day conditions during winter months. These conditions, together with high fertiliser application levels required to maximize grain yields, often result in tall growing bulky crops which are prone to lodging. This will especially be true if canola production is expanded to irrigated areas. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have successfully been used to reduce canola plant height and lodging under experimental conditions in Australia and are worldwide commercially used to reduce plant height and lodging in winter cereals such as wheat and barley. The primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of anti-lodging PGRs on the agronomic and quality characteristics of commercial canola cultivars under South African conditions. This study was conducted under field conditions at three research farms, as well as controlled glasshouse conditions at Welgevallen Research Farm, situated in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Foliar treatments consisted of a control (untreated) and four PGRs; CeCeCe® 750 (chlormequat chloride), Moddus® 250 EC (trinexapac-ethyl), Primo MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl), and Kelpak®, applied either individually or in combination with wetting agent at budding stage (growth stage 3.1) of canola. Whilst glasshouse trials were conducted with spring canola cultivars “Hyola 555TT” and “43C80”, field trials were done with Hyola 555TT only. Monitoring and measuring various plant parameters during different growth stages of canola, the morphological and physiological impact of PGR-treatments on growth and development were determined. Though Primo MAXX® tends to reduce plant height in all trials; reductions were only significant during one of the glasshouse trials. Fortunately, compared to the control, none of the PGRs significantly reduced the leaf area, number of flowers or number of pods plant-1 during this study, while Primo MAXX® and Moddus® 250 EC tend to increase the grain yield under field conditions. This study indicates that PGRs can possibly be used to improve lodging resistance and yield of canola. Identifying the most effective PGRs on specific cultivars, the results of the study will contribute to the knowledge of using PGRs in canola to reduce lodging and improve grain yields in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika word canola (Brassica napus L) gedurende die wintermaande onder kort-dagtoestande verbou. Hierdie verbouingstoestande, tesame met verhoogde toediening van bemesting vir maksimum opbrengs, lei dikwels tot welige, hooggroeiende plantegroei, wat „n geneigdheid toon om om te val (lodge). Hierdie probleem vererger indien canola onder besproeiingstoestande gekweek sou word. Plantgroeireguleerders (PGRs) is reeds met sukses onder eksperimentele toestande in Australië gebruik om die planthoogte en dus omval (lodging) van canola te beperk. Plantgroeireguleerders word reeds kommersieel gebruik om planthoogte en omval van wintergraangewasse, soos koring en gars te verminder. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om die effek van omval-teenwerkende PGRs op die agronomiese en kwaliteitseienskappe van kommersiële canola-kultivars onder Suid-Afrikaanse groeitoestande te bepaal. Hierdie studie is uitgevoer d.m.v. veldproewe op drie navorsingsplase, sowel as gekontrolleerde glashuisproewe te Welgevallen Navorsingsplaas, geleë in die Wes-Kaapprovinsie van Suid-Afrika. Blaartoedienings het bestaan uit „n kontrole (onbehandeld) en vier PGRs: CeCeCe® 750 (chlormequat chloride), Moddus® 250 EC (trinexapac-ethyl), Primo MAXX® (trinexapac-ethyl) en Kelpak®, wat afsonderlik of in kombinasie met benattingsmiddels toegedien is tydens die blomknopverskyningstadium (groeistadium 3.1) van canola. Die glashuisproewe is uitgevoer met lente-canolakultivars, nl. “Hyola 555TT” en “43C80”, terwyl veldproewe slegs uitgevoer is met Hyola 555TT. Verskeie plantparameters is gemonitor en gemeet gedurende die verskillende groeistadia van canola, waartydens en die morfologiese en fisiologiese impak van PGR-toedienings op die groei- en ontwikkeling van canola bepaal is. Alhoewel Primo MAXX® neig om die planthoogte in al die proewe te verkort, het dit planthoogte slegs beduidend verkort in een van die glashuisproewe. Geen van die PGRs het in vergelyking met die kontrole, die blaar-oppervlakte, aantal blomme of aantal peule plant-1 beduidend verminder gedurende die studie. Primo MAXX® en Moddus® 250 EC het inteendeel daartoe geneig om die saadopbrengs onder veldtoestande te verhoog. Hierdie studie toon dus dat PGRs moontlik gebruik kan word om omval te verminder en die opbrengs van canola te verhoog. Deur die mees doeltreffendste PGRs op spesifieke kultivars te identifiseer, kan die resultate van hierdie studie bydra tot die kennis van die gebruik van PGRs op canola, om omval te voorkom en saadopbrengs in Suid-Afrika te verhoog.

As condições divergentes do ambiente in vitro, como elevadas concentrações de sacarose, de reguladores de crescimento, de substâncias tóxicas, quando comparadas com o ambiente ex vitro, refletem-se em um desequilíbrio da relação entre compostos antioxidantes versus compostos oxidantes, resultando em elevada formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio, culminando no estabelecimento de um estresse oxidativo in vitro. No entanto, mesmo sendo capazes de conduzirem a morte celular, as espécies reativas de oxigênio atuam como importantes sinalizadoras do crescimento e desenvolvimento vegetal, por alterarem o padrão de expressão gênica, o metabolismo e a competência celular, sendo nesse aspecto considerado benéfico um nível moderado de estresse oxidativo para desencadear uma determinada rota morfogênica. Diante disso, o presente trabalho objetivou induzir o estresse oxidativo, suplementando o meio de cultura com reguladores de crescimento do grupo das citocininas e auxinas, com a finalidade de compreender a atuação deste evento nas respostas morfogênicas in vitro do pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.). Para tanto, utilizou-se sementes de pinhão manso de três procedências (CNPAE 101: Rio Verde, GO; CNPAE 115: Xambrê, PR e CNPAE 224: São Francisco do Glória, MG), as quais foram germinadas in vitro para a obtenção das plântulas e utilização do terço mediano do hipocótilo como explante nos experimentos de indução de estresse oxidativo in vitro. A análise morfofisiológica permitiu selecionar os tratamentos que induziram respostas organogênicas, que juntamente com o grupo controle, tiveram a quantificação da peroxidação lipídica, as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes catalase, superóxido dismutase e ascorbato peroxidase, determinadas, assim como o estabelecimento do perfil proteico de cada tratamento e a realização de análises histológicas e histoquímicas. Os resultados evidenciaram que as respostas morfogênicas foram dependentes do tipo e combinação de regulador de crescimento presente no meio de cultura; e ficou evidente pela quantificação da peroxidação lipídica e das atividades das enzimas antioxidantes, que a ausência de regulador de crescimento no meio de cultura foi o principal indutor do estresse oxidativo, permitindo constatar que quanto mais suave o estresse oxidativo, mais promissoras eram as respostas organogênicas constatadas nos explantes hipocotiledonares. Desta forma, o maior nível de estresse oxidativo constatado no grupo controle, relacionou-se negativamente com a resposta morfogênica obtida neste grupo, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos que apresentaram um nível de estresse oxidativo mais ameno e, consequentemente, uma resposta morfogênica mais promissora. O perfil proteico evidenciou o padrão existente de algumas bandas, independentemente da procedência considerada, confirmando a proximidade genética dos diferentes acessos de pinhão manso no Brasil. As análises histológicas demonstraram a ocorrência de organogênese indireta, com o desenvolvimento de calos organogênicos, ao passo que nas análises histoquímicas somente a presença de lipídios não foi detectada, enquanto proteínas totais, compostos fenólicos e amido foram constatados em pelo menos um dos três materiais analisados, para as três procedências de pinhão manso. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram estabelecer uma relação entre o estresse oxidativo in vitro, a resposta morfogênica e o efeito dos reguladores de crescimento presentes no meio de cultura, além do potencial sucesso de produção de pinhão manso pela cultura de tecidos. / The environmental divergent conditions in vitro culture , such as high concentrations of saccharose , growth regulators, toxic substances, and others, when compared with the ex vitro conditions, reflected in an imbalance of antioxidants versus oxidant compounds relationship, resulting in an elevated formation of reactive oxygen species, which culminates in the establishment of an oxidative in vitro stress. However, even being able to conduce cell death, reactive oxygen species act as an important signaling of plant growth and development by altering the pattern of gene expression, cellular metabolism and cellular competence, being considerate beneficial in this context in which a moderate level of oxidative stress is required to trigger a morphogenetic route. Therefore, this study aimed to induce oxidative stress, supplementing the culture medium with growth regulators group of cytokines and auxin, with the purpose of understand the role of these event in vitro morphogenetic responses of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.). Hence, were used physic nut´s seeds of three provenances (CNPAE 101: Rio Verde, GO; CNPAE 115: Xambrê, PR and CNPAE 224: São Francisco do Glória, MG ), which were in vitro germinated to obtain the seedlings and the middle third of hypocotyls that was used as explant in experiments to induction in vitro oxidative stress. The morphophysiological analysis allowed to select the treatments that induced the organogenic responses, which along with the control group, had the quantification of lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, determined as well as the establishment of the protein profile of each treatment and the realization of histological and histochemical analyses. The results showed that the morphogenic responses were dependent on the type and combination of growth regulators present in the culture medium; and with the lipid peroxidation quantification as well as antioxidant enzyme activities, it became evident that the oxidative stress was mainly caused by the absence of growth regulators in the culture medium, allowing noted that the softer oxidative stress, were the most promising responses organogenic found in hypocotyls. Thus, the higher level of oxidative stress observed in the control group correlated negatively with the morphogenic response obtained in this group when compared to the other treatments that showed a level of milder oxidative stress and, consequently, a more promising morphogenic response. The protein profile showed some band pattern, regardless of the provenances considered, confirming the low genetic distance between different accessions of Jatropha in Brazil. Histological analysis demonstrated the occurrence of indirect organogenesis, with the development of organogenic calli, whereas in histochemical analyzes only the presence of lipids was not detected while total proteins, phenolic compounds and starch were found in at least one of the three materials analyzed for the three provenances of physic nut. Taking together all the obtained data, it was possible to establish a relationship between oxidative stress, the morphogenic response in vitro and the effect of growth regulators in the culture medium as well as prove the potential success of the production of jatropha tissue culture.

Master of Technology: Horticulture in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / A study was conducted to investigate the effects of: i) various media compositions and wounding treatments on the in vitro germination, growth and regeneration of Strelitzia reginae plantlets derived from zygotic embryos, ii) antioxidants, plant growth regulator (PGR) concentrations and plant tissue wounding treatments on phenolic compound production. One experiment consisted of 8 medium types including different combinations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium strength, activated charcoal and vitamin supplements. Twelve replicates were used for each treatment. In another experiment, germinated plantlets were subjected to 2 wounding treatments; (unwounded explants (control) and explants longitudinally sectioned through the apical meristem). The explants were transferred to ten different regeneration media consiting of different concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinin supplements and antioxidants. Ten replicates were used for each treatment. Results indicated the positive role of activated charcoal (AC) in reducing oxidative browning of embryo explants. The highest germination rate of embryos was observed in media containing AC without vitamin supplementation. Germination significantly decreased with the addition of vitamins. With regard to effects of various media compositions and wounding treatments on in vitro growth and regeneration of Strelitzia, significant results were achieved with 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations on explant discoloration and callus formation. The antioxidant treatments, activated charcoal (AC) and ascorbic acid (AA) significantly affected explant discoloration, the induction of callus and the length of roots developed. Wounding treatments affected plant height, increased explant height and callus formation. Interactions between higher NAA and BAP concentrations together with wounding resulted in the most effective treatment in reducing explant discoloration at the media contact point. Furthermore, results showed the various NAA and BAP concentrations to significantly affect phenolic exudation. The media containing the highest PGR concentration resulted in the highest phenol content. AC significantly reduced the total phenol content of media by 53%, compared with AA. Phenolic exudation was significantly increased as a result of explant wounding. Various interactions between the NAA and BAP concentrations, antioxidants and wounding affected phenolic exudation and the total phenol content of media. This study provides insight into the contributing factors and methods of overcoming the major problem of phenolic oxidation and promoting the in vitro growth and regeneration of Strelitzia.

The increasing concerns launched by debates about climate changes added to the uncontrolled growth of world population have opened a market to natural inputs for a more sustainable agriculture. Taking those concerns together, it is very important to think in advance in terms of finding solutions to increase the food production, with improved quality and in a supposed changing environment. Natural substances such as seaweed biostimulants are coming up as inputs for crops yield and abiotic stress tolerance enhancement with increasing use in agriculture. In this scene, it is important to understand effects and mode of action of these substances on plant physiology to permit the development of consistent products and guarantee the delivery of solutions to growers that assist them in solving their needs. Therefore, this research was carried out aiming to understand the role of agrochemicals (classical plant growth regulators and seaweed biostimulants) on root development and hormonal relations of tomato \'Micro-Tom\' and Arabidopsis under water deficit conditions. Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANE) ability to stimulate endogenous hormonal responses in conditions of drought and osmotic stress was tested. We carried out experiments with two plant models: one is classically used in plant science studies and the other, a crop-like plant model whose scientific findings can be applied for several crops. We used tomato hormonal mutants and reporter lines grown in conditions of drought stress to study the effects of plant growth regulators and seaweed extracts on root growth and hormonal responses, respectively. Additionally, we tested in vitro the effects of these substances on root growth of Arabidopsis seedlings under osmotic stress conditions. The root development of tomato and Arabidopsis was negatively affected by the presence of water deficit caused by drought and osmotic stress, respectively. Gibberellins biosynthesis inhibitors only affected the root growth of gibberellin-deficient mutant (gib-3). Extracts of the same seaweed presented different effects on root growth of Arabidopsis seedlings and hormonal responsiveness in roots of tomato, possibly due to variability in their compositions. ANE A and B show opposite effects on root growth. ANE A promotes root growth, whereas ANE B shows inhibitory effects. These substances seem to have little influence on auxin responses in roots, however, they alter the balance between abscisic acid and ethylene under drought conditions. The standardization of the composition of seaweed extracts complemented with studies on their physiological and molecular effects in crops is crucial for the establishment of these agricultural inputs as one of the solutions for current and future requirements of food production. / As crescentes preocupações oriundas a partir dos atuais debates sobre mudanças climáticas somadas ao descontrolado crescimento da população mundial têm dado espaço para o uso de insumos agrícolas naturais, objetivando sustentabilidade na agricultura. Diante de tais preocupações, é importante pensar antecipadamente e encontrar maneiras de aumentar a produção e a qualidade de alimentos, em um ambiente de supostas mudanças climáticas. Substâncias naturais, como bioestimulantes à base de alga, estão ganhando relevância como melhoradores da produtividade e tolerância a estresses abióticos com crescentes usos na agricultura. Diante desse cenário, é importante compreender os efeitos e modos de ação dessas substâncias na fisiologia das plantas para permitir o desenvolvimento de produtos consistentes e garantir aos produtores soluções que atendam às suas necessidades. Portanto, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de entender o papel de agroquímicos (reguladores vegetais clássicos e biostimulantes à base da alga) sobre o desenvolvimento radicular e relações hormonais do tomateiro \'Micro-Tom\' e Arabidopsis sob condições de estresse hídrico. Foi testada a habilidade de extratos Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) em estimular respostas hormonais em condições de seca e estresse osmótico. Foram realizados experimentos com duas plantas-modelo: Arabidopsis que é largamente utilizada em estudos científicos de plantas e o tomateiro \'Micro-Tom\', uma planta-modelo mais adequada para estudos aplicados à agricultura sob condições tropicais. Foram utilizados mutantes hormonais e linhas-repórter de tomate cultivadas em condições de seca para o estudo dos efeitos dos reguladores vegetias e extratos de alga no crescimento radicular e respostas hormonais, respectivamente. Além disso, foram testados in vitro os efeitos dessas substâncias no crescimento radicular de plântulas de Arabidopsis em condições de estresse osmótico. O desenvolvimento radicular do tomateiro e Arabidopsis foi negativamente afetado pela ocorrência do déficit hídrico causado por seca e estresse osmótico, respectivamente. Inibidores de giberelinas afetaram apenas o crescimento radicular do mutante com baixo nível endógeno giberelinas (gib-3). Extratos da mesma espécie de alga apresentaram diferentes efeitos no crescimento radicular de plântulas de Arabidopsis e resposta hormonal em raízes de tomateiro. ANE A e B aprensenta efeitos opostos no desenvolvimento de raízes. ANE A promove o crescimento radicular enquanto ANE A inibe. ANEs pouco influenciam as respostas auxínicas, contudo, essas substâncias alteram o balanço entre entre ácido abscísico e etileno sob condições de estresse hídrico por seca. A padronização da composição de extratos de alga somada aos estudos sobre os seus efeitos fisiológicos e moleculares em culturas é crucial para o estabelecimento desses insumos agrícolas como uma das soluções para as necessidades atuais e futuras da produção de alimentos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_mf_dr_botib.pdf: 592742 bytes, checksum: 69c6b5935172801d218019ca8900bfe7 (MD5) / Tratamentos com reguladores vegetais foram estudados em plantas de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. BRS-184) para avaliar o teor de clorofila das folhas, a altura da planta, o número de ramificações e altura de vagens. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu - UNESP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e oito tratamentos (testemunha; GA3 100 mg L-1; BAP 100 mg L-1; IBA 100 mg L-1; Stimulate® (IBA+GA3+Cinetina) 20 mL L-1; cloreto de mepiquat 100 mg L-1; cloreto de mepiquat 100 mg L-1+BAP 100 mg L-1+IBA 100 mg L-1 e ethephon 600 mg L-1. Os tratamentos foram aplicados três vezes, espaçados em 30 dias durante o ciclo da planta a partir do 43º dia e foram realizadas seis avaliações espaçados em 13 dias. Os tratamentos com BAP, ethephon e cloreto de mepiquat + IBA + BAP mantiveram o teor de clorofila nas folhas alto até o final do ciclo da planta. A altura de plantas foi menor que a testemunha em todos os tratamentos a partir de 90 dias após a semeadura, com exceção do tratamento com GA3, que manteve a altura de plantas superior durante todo ciclo da cultura. As ramificações das plantas foram incrementadas pelo tratamento com ethephon, que apresentou, a altura da primeira vagem inferior à testemunha. No tratamento com GA3, a altura da primeira vagem foi superior. / Treatments with plant growth regulators were studied in soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merrill cv. BRS-184) to assess the leaf chlorophyll content, the ramification number and the height of the pods. The experiment has been carried out at the greenhouse of the Botanic Department, Bioscience Institute, University of the Sao Paulo State – UNESP, campus of Rubiao Junior, Botucatu, Brazil. The used experimental design delineation was completely randomized block with three replications and eight treatments (control; GA3 100 mg L-1; BAP 100 mg L-1; IBA 100 mg L-1; Stimulate® (IBA+GA3+Cinetin) 20 mL L-1; mepiquat chloride 100 mg L-1; mepiquat chloride 100 mg L-1+BAP 100 mg L-1+IBA 100 mg L-1 and ethephon 600 mg L-1. The treatments were applied three times every 30 days during the plant cycle after 43 days and six evaluations have been made every 13 days. The treatments with BAP, ethephon and mepiquat chloride + IBA + BAP maintained the high chlorophyll content until the end of the plant cycle. The height of the plants was lower than the control in all treatments after the 90th day of sowing, excepting the treatment with GA3, which maintained the height of the plants during the cycle of cultivation. The plant stems were increased by the ethephon treatment; however, the height of the first pod was the lowest in this treatment and the highest in the treatment with GA3.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:22:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 camili_ec_dr_botfca.pdf: 1038671 bytes, checksum: 1a53c411e9d03968dbf9c78cdb7abc49 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Brasil possui vantagens competitivas que, no caso da uva, se resumem na possibilidade de produção e exportação da fruta durante alguns meses, quase sem concorrência. Porém, alguns fatores têm limitado a expansão do cultivo para áreas tropicais, como por exemplo, a baixa produtividade de cultivares pouco adaptados. Assim, este projeto de pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar o efeito da aplicação de novos produtos visando uniformizar a brotação e aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade de bagas do cultivar de uva sem sementes Superior Seedless. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Koshiyama, localizada no município de Juazeiro/BA, no período de 15/05 a 21/09/2006. Com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito do biorregulador Stimulate® (0,009% de cinetina (citocinina), 0,005% de ácido giberélico (GA3), 0,005% de ácido indolilbutírico (IBA-auxina) e 99,981% de ingredientes inertes) e de X-Cyte® (0,04% de cinetina (citocinina) e 99,96% de ingredientes inertes) na uniformidade de brotação e dos biorreguladores Stimulate®, X-Cyte® e N-Large® (4% de ácido giberélico (GA3) e 96% de ingredientes inertes) no desenvolvimento das bagas, foram conduzidos três experimentos. Experimento 1: T1: Dormex® (5%); T2: Dormex® (5%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T3: Stimulate® (0,5%); T4: Stimulate® (0,5%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T5:Stimulate® (1,0%); T6: Stimulate® (1,0%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T7: X-Cyte® (0,25%); T8: XCyte ® (0,25%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T9: X-Cyte® (0,50%); T10: X-Cyte® (0,50%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T11: X-Cyte® (0,25%) + Stimulate® (0,5%) e; T12: X-Cyte® (0,25%) + Stimulate® (0,5%) + Nitro Plus 9®. Experimento 2: T1: Pro-Gibb®; T2: Stimulate® (Dose 1); T3: Stimulate® (Dose 2); T4: Stimulate® (Dose 3); T5: Pro-Gibb® + X-Cyte® (Dose Baixa - DB); T6: Pro-Gibb® + X-Cyte® (Dose Média - DM); T7: Pro-Gibb® + X-Cyte®... / Brazil has some competitive advantages in grape production, specially harvesting all-year-around in almost the whole of the country. Therefore, Brazilian fruits can be exported for a few months practically without international competition. However, some factors have been limiting grape growing expansion in tropical areas. For example, low yields of less adapted cultivars. The field trials of this work were performed between May 15th and September 21st 2006, at Koshiyama farm, in Juazeiro municipality (Bahia State / Northeastern Brazil). The main goal was to analyze the effect of new commercial products intended to uniformizar sprouting, increasing yields and berry quality for Superior Seedless grapes. It was evaluated the effect of the following bioregulators in sprouting uniformity: Stimulate® (0,009% de kinetin (cytokinin), 0,005% of gibberellic acid (GA3), 0,005% indolbutiric acid (IBA-auxin); 99,981% of inert ingredients); X-Cyte® (0,04% kinetin (cytokinin) and 99,96% of inert ingredients). Three field trials were also performed, to verify the effect of Stimulate®, X-Cyte® e N-Large® (4% gibberellic acid (GA3) and 96% inert ingredients) on berry development: Trial 1: T1: Dormex® (5%); T2: Dormex® (5%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T3: Stimulate® (0,5%); T4: Stimulate® (0,5%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T5: Stimulate® (1,0%); T6: Stimulate® (1,0%)+ Nitro Plus 9®; T7: X-Cyte® (0,25%); T8: X-Cyte® (0,25%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T9: X-Cyte® (0,50%); T10: X-Cyte® (0,50%) + Nitro Plus 9®; T11: X-Cyte® (0,25%) + Stimulate® (0,5%)e; T12: X-Cyte® (0,25%) + Stimulate® (0,5%) + Nitro Plus 9®. Trial 2: T1: Pro-Gibb®; T2: Stimulate® (Dose 1); T3: Stimulate® (Dose 2); T4: Stimulate® (Dose 3); T5: Pro-Gibb® + XCyte ® (Low Dose - DB); T6: Pro-Gibb® + X-Cyte® (Intermediate Dose- DM); T7: Pro-Gibb® + X-Cyte® (High Dose- DA); T8: N-Large®; T9: N-Large® + X-Cyte® (DB); T10: N-Large®... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 merlin_tpa_dr_botfca.pdf: 564602 bytes, checksum: 0d5aeeb10e9efed41f754174a7c6205d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a aplicação de reguladores vegetais (tratamento de semente e via foliar) em limoeiro ´Cravo´ (Citrus limonia Osbeck) visando o encurtamento do tempo de produção do porta-enxerto. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira realizada no laboratório de Análise de Sementes, Departamento de Produção Vegetal - Agricultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Botucatu, SP, determinando-se a taxa de embebição das sementes. Após este procedimento, realizou-se o teste de germinação das sementes após tratamento com os produtos (testemunha, ácido giberélico GA3 10 mg 0,2 L-1, ácido giberélico GA3 20 mg 0,2 L-1, cinetina 10 mL 0,2 L-1, piraclostrobina + metil tiofanato 0,03 mL L-1, cinetina + ácido giberélico + ácido indolilbutírico 30 mL 0,2 L-1, ácido giberélico GA4+7 + 6-benziladenina 1 mL 0,2 L-1, ácido giberélico GA4+7 + 6-benziladenina 2,12 mL 0,2 L-1, cloreto de chlormequat 0,2 mL 0,2 L-1 e cloreto de chlormequat 0,2 mL 0,2 L- 1 + ácido giberélico GA3 20 mg 0,2 L-1. A segunda etapa do experimento foi realizada no viveiro ELPA Mudas Cítricas, localizado na cidade de Botucatu, SP. Após resultado da taxa de embebição as sementes foram mantidas em contato com os tratamentos e semeadas em tubetes com substrato de fibra de coco. Foram empregados dez tratamentos aplicados via foliar, mensalmente: testemunha, ácido giberélico GA3 50 mg L-1, ácido giberélico GA3 100 mg L-1, cinetina 50 mL L-1, piraclostrobina + metil tiofanato 0,18 mL L-1, cinetina + ácido giberélico + ácido indolilbutírico 150 mL L-1, ácido giberélico GA4+7 + 6-benziladenina 5 mL L-1, ácido giberélico GA4+7 + 6-benziladenina 10 mL L-1, cloreto de chlormequat... / The aim of this project was to evaluate the plant growth regulator application (seed and leaves) in rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) on rootstock production in a shorter period of time. The experiment was divided into two steps; the first one was carried in the Seed Analysis Laboratory, Crop Science Department - College of Agricultural Sciences - Botucatu, SP, in order to analyze the inhibition. Afterwards, the germination test was done after the contact of the seeds with the treatments (control, gibberellic acid GA3 (10 mg L-1) 10 mg 0,2 L-1, gibberellic acid GA3 (10 mg L-1) 20 mg 0,2 L-1, kinetin (0,4 mg L-1) 10 mL 0,2 L-1, pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl (50 g L-1 + 450 g L-1) 0,03 mL L-1, kinetin (90 mg L-1) + gibberellic acid (50 mg L-1) + indolebutyric acid (50 mg L-1) 30 mL 0,2 L-1, gibberellic acid GA4+7 (19 mg L-1) + 6-benzyladenine (19 mg L-1) 1 mL 0,2 L-1, gibberellic acid GA4+7 (19 mg L-1) + 6-benzyladenine (19 mg L-1%) 2,12 mL 0,2 L-1, chlormequat chloride (100 g L-1) 0,2 mL 0,2 L-1 and chlormequat chloride (100 g L-1) 0,2 mL 0,2 L-1 + gibberellic acid GA3 (10 mg L-1) 20 mg 0,2 L-1. The second part of the experiment was carried out in ELPA Citric Seedlings’ Nursery, in Botucatu, SP. After the inhibition test, the seeds were kept in contact with the treatments and sowed in the coconut fiber substrate. Ten treatments were provided monthly by foliar application: control, gibberellic acid GA3... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)