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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Production of plant defense compounds in cell cultures and their effects on bacterial growth / Produktion av försvarssubstanser i växtcellskulturer och deras effekter på bakterietillväxt

Winblad, June January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
32

Development of a liquid-liquid extraction method of resveratrol from cell culture media using solubility parameters

Al balkhi, M.H., Mohammad, Mohammad A., Tisserant, L-P., Boitel-Conti, M. 23 June 2016 (has links)
Yes / The extraction of bioactive compounds, produced by plant cell cultures, directly from their culture medium, which contains other by-products, is a great challenge. Resveratrol extraction from its grapevine cell cultures is considered here as an example to improve the extraction processes from plant cell cultures using solubility parameters. Successive liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) processes were exploited to extract resveratrol from the culture medium with an extraction ratio approaching 100%, high selectivity and minimum amounts of solvents. The calculations of partition coefficients as a function of solubility parameters demonstrated that benzyl benzoate is the most suitable intermediate solvent to extract resveratrol from its aqueous medium. The calculations also illustrated the high ability of methanol and ethanol to extract resveratrol from benzyl benzoate. The physicochemical properties of benzyl benzoate and processing conditions were exploited to separate it from aqueous media and organic solvents. The agitation method, component ratios and extraction time were studied to maximize the extraction yield. Under the best studied conditions, the recovery of resveratrol from different culture media approached ∼100% with a selectivity of ∼92%. Ultimately, the improved extraction processes of resveratrol are markedly efficient, selective, rapid and economical. / Mohammad Amin Mohammad gratefully acknowledges CARA (The Council for At-Risk Academics, Stephen Wordsworth and Ryan Mundy) for providing the financial support for an academic fellowship.
33

Molecular and Population Level Approaches to Understand Taxus Metabolism in Cell Suspension Cultures

Patil, Rohan Anil 01 February 2013 (has links)
Plant cell culture is an attractive platform technology for production and supply of important plant derived medicinals. A unique characteristic of plant cells is the ability to grow as multicellular aggregates in suspension. The presence of these non-uniform aggregates results in creation of distinct microenvironments, which can induce variations in cellular metabolism (e.g., growth, oxygen consumption and secondary metabolite synthesis). This heterogeneity can lead to unpredictable and suboptimal performance in large scale bioprocesses. One example is the Taxus cell culture system, which produces a widely used chemotherapeutic drug - paclitaxel (Taxol ®). Despite extensive process engineering efforts which have led to increased yields of paclitaxel, Taxus cells exhibit variability in productivity that is poorly understood. Elicitation of Taxus cultures with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induces the accumulation of paclitaxel, but to varying extents in culture. A significant negative correlation was observed between paclitaxel level and mean aggregate size of the culture, demonstrating the relevance of measuring, and potentially controlling aggregate size during long term subculture. Understanding the regulation of gene expression can provide rational engineering strategies to control variability and optimize performance of Taxus cell cultures. Biosynthetic pathway gene analyses revealed upregulation of genes upon elicitation with MeJA; results also suggested additional molecular regulatory points outside of the biosynthetic pathway. In order to fully understand Taxus molecular regulation and the relationship to paclitaxel production variability, a transcriptome-wide analysis using next generation sequencing (454 and Illumina) methods was performed. Several pathways outside of paclitaxel biosynthesis were found active upon MeJA elicitation. Global comparison of gene expression amongst cultures accumulating different levels of paclitaxel is being performed to completely understand the interactions amongst the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway and other complimentary and competing pathways to suggest effective targets for metabolic engineering. This work collectively represents the first molecular studies to understand metabolic regulation in Taxus cell cultures. Apart from inducing paclitaxel biosynthesis, MeJA decreases cell growth in Taxus cell cultures. The MeJA-mediated repression of cell growth was shown to correlate with inhibition of cell cycle progression as evident both at the culture level through flow cytometric analyses and at the transcriptional level by repression of key cell cycle-associated genes. Results from this study provide valuable insight into the mechanisms governing MeJA perception and subsequent events leading to repression of Taxus cell growth.
34

Development of Plant Cell Culture Processes to Produce Natural Product Pharmaceuticals: Characterization, Analysis, and Modeling of Plant Cell Aggregation

Kolewe, Martin 01 September 2011 (has links)
Plant derived natural products represent some of the most effective anti-cancer and anti-infectious disease pharmaceuticals available today. However, uncertainty regarding the feasibility of commercial supply due to the limited availability of many plants in nature has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the use of natural products as leads in modern drug discovery. Plant cell suspension culture, consisting of dedifferentiated plant cells grown in vitro and amenable to large scale industrial biotechnology processes, is a production alternative which promises renewable and economical supply of these important drugs. The widespread application of this technology is limited by low product yields, slow growth rates, challenges in scale-up, and above all, variability in these properties, which is poorly understood. Plant cells grow as aggregates in suspension cultures ranging from two to thousands of cells (less than 100 micron to well over 2 mm). Aggregates have long been identified as an important feature of plant cell culture systems, as they create microenvironments for individual cells with respect to nutrient limitations, cell-cell signaling, and applied shear in the in vitro environment. Despite its purported significance, a rigorous engineering analysis of aggregation has remained elusive. In this thesis, aggregation was characterized, analyzed, and modeled in Taxus suspension cultures, which produce the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel. A technique was developed to reliably and routinely measure aggregate size using a Coulter counter. The analysis of aggregate size as a process variable was then used to evaluate the effect of aggregation on process performance, and the analysis of single cells isolated from different sized aggregates was used to understand the effect of aggregation on cellular metabolism and heterogeneity. Process characterization studies indicated that aggregate size changed over a batch cycle as well as from batch to batch, so a population balance equation model was developed to describe and predict these changes in the aggregate size distribution. This multi-scale engineering approach towards understanding plant cell aggregation serves as an important step in the development of rational strategies aimed at controlling the process variability which has heretofore limited the application of plant cell culture technology.
35

In-vitro propagation studies of the endangered succulents Drosanthemum Micans and Drosanthemum Hallii (Aizoaceae)

Mlungwana, Asanda January 2018 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Drosanthemum micans and Drosanthemum hallii are endangered succulent shrubs of horticultural and medicinal value. They are restricted to the Succulent Karroo, which is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. The species risk extinction from illegal over-harvesting for water-wise gardens, erosion by occasional flush floods from ephemeral rivers, competition from alien invasive species, overgrazing and clearing of land for agriculture and human settlement. Although seeds and cuttings may be used in propagating these species, they often require seasonal collection and planting and cuttings struggle to establish, hence the need for in-vitro propagation as an alternative solution. Thus, the main objective of the study was to develop a method for rapid in-vitro shoot and root multiplication and acclimatization of D. micans and D. hallii. To initiate shoot formation, disinfected leaf and stem nodal explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (1962) media supplemented with different rates (0, 10, 20 or 30μM) of 2-isopentyladenine, 6-Benzyladenine and kinetin for D. hallii or 2-isopentyladenine, 6-Benzyladenine and Thiadiazuron for D. micans. Shoots from explants were rooted in varying rates (0, 10, 20 or 30μM) of IAA for root initiation. Three media, which were used in previous studies, were tested for acclimatization of rooted explants in i) vermiculite, ii) sand (50%): vermiculite (50%) or iii) sand (75%): perlite (25%). For quantitative evaluation of plant stress, chlorophyll fluorescence index (Fv/Fm) was measured as a proxy for plant stressf stress. It emerged that stem nodal explants of D. hallii tend to produce multiple shoots whilst leaf explants tended to produce callus when cultured in full-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962). Shoot multiplication was optimal in both D. hallii and D. micans at 10 μM of kinetin. Root formation in both D. hallii and D. micans only occurred when shoots were transferred to a full-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) media without any phytohormones added. The intensity of tissue browning increased at higher levels of cytokinins, suggesting an interaction of plant growth regulators with exudates from explants. Different acclimatization media tested showed no significant differences in the level of stress (Fv/Fm). It is recommended that Murashige and Skoog (1962) media with10 μM kinetin be used for shoot development and multiplication, followed by transfer of the shoots to fresh full-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) media without hormones for root development. Acclimatization of the rooted explants was possible in one of the following media: i) vermiculite, ii) sand (50%): vermiculite (50%) or iii) sand (75%): perlite (25%) and in a misted greenhouse (ca. 60% RH), with gradual weekly reductions in humidity by 10% over 2 weeks.
36

Studies on the tissue culture and potential for the development of a genetic transformation system for avocados (Persea americana Mill.) /

Ahmed, Muhammad Faisal. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002. / "A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Bibliography: leaves 161-189.
37

Estresse oxidativo e diferenças na sensibilidade de células de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv. BY-2 ao alumínio e à acidez / Oxidative stress and differences in sensibility of tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv. BY-2 to aluminum and acidity

Capaldi, Flávia Regina 25 September 2006 (has links)
O alumínio é limitante à atividade agrícola em todo o mundo. Nos solos ácidos a disponibilidade de Al aumenta. Estes solos constituem a maioria dos solos do mundo e dois terços dos solos brasileiros. O problema da acidez do solo e da toxicidade por Al é altamente significativo para as perdas na produtividade agrícola e florestal. Para se ter Al disponível, primeiramente tem que se ter condições de pH baixo. O primeiro sintoma causado pela toxicidade por Al é a inibição no alongamento do sistema radicular. Existem trabalhos vinculando a inibição a alterações nos processos de divisão e expansão celular. Embora os mecanismos de toxicidade e resistência ao Al não estejam totalmente elucidados, admite-se que em algumas plantas, a quelação do Al por ácidos orgânicos é um dos mecanismos que confere resistência das células ao Al, assim como em outras plantas a elevação do pH da rizosfera, por compostos liberados pelo sistema radicular, atua na queda da disponibilidade do Al na solução do solo. Porém, existem outras alternativas que vêm sendo propostas na literatura como possíveis mecanismos de resistência das plantas ao Al, principalmente ao nível celular e molecular. Alterações nas composições lipídica e protéica da membrana plasmática, assim como na sua estrutura física; ativação do sistema antioxidante celular; alterações na sinalização celular e de atividade dos canais de troca da membrana plasmática vêm sendo estudados como possíveis contribuintes para os mecanismos de resistência ao Al. A sensibilidade celular ao Al depende do seu estágio de desenvolvimento. As células sensíveis ao Al acumulam o metal, enquanto que as resistentes acumulam muito pouco. Foi constatado em nosso trabalho que as células sensíveis ao Al também são sensíveis ao baixo pH. As células sensíveis não conseguem recuperar seu crescimento e sua viabilidade celular após a exposição ao Al ou ao baixo pH.A sacarose ou manitol conferiram proteção às células quanto ao acúmulo de Al. Isso fez com que a viabilidade mantivesse-se em níveis próximos ao controle (pH5,6) e a cultura conseguisse recuperar seu crescimento e viabilidade após a exposição ao Al e ao baixo pH. O efeito protetor não foi devido ao caráter energético da sacarose, pois o manitol não é metabolizado pelas células BY-2 e os resultados foram semelhantes quando se usou sacarose ou manitol, nas mesmas concentrações. Sabe-se que o Al aumenta a peroxidação lipídica e a oxidação protéica da membrana plasmática, pela geração de EAO?s, desencadeando o processo de estresse oxidativo na célula. Em nosso estudo, nas células sensíveis houve peroxidação dos lipídios, ativação do sistema de enzimas antioxidantes, como SOD, GST, GR, CAT e APX, alteração nos níveis de carboidratos e alteração no perfil protéico de frações enriquecidas de membrana plasmática, obtido por eletroforese 2D. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado em células sensíveis tratadas a baixo pH. Pode-se concluir que o sistema antioxidante celular foi ativado na presença de baixo pH ou Al, pela ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica, que gera maiores concentrações de H2O2 nas células sensíveis (fase log). E que existem diferenças no perfil protéico de células tratadas com Al em relação a células mantidas sob condições de cultivo, tanto em presença de spots como em expressão diferencial. Porém estas diferenças necessitam ser melhores exploradas. A peroxidação lipídica é um bom indicador da sensibilidade celular ao Al e ao baixo pH, assim como a ativação do sistema antioxidante e a geração do peróxido de hidrogênio. Poderiam ser realizados experimentos no tempo, medindo-se o acúmulo de Al e relacionando-o aos níveis de peroxidação lipídica, atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e geração do peróxido, para que pudéssemos indicar talvez um processo que se iniciasse antes que outro, ou mesmo que decaísse antes do outro. Assim como um monitoramento das condições de oxidação protéica na presença de Al. / Aluminum limits crop production in all over the world. In acid solis the Al disponibility is larger. Acid soils compose the major part of the brazillian soils. The problem of acidity and Al toxicity results in losses of productivity in agriculture and forestry. The first symptom of Al toxicity is inhibition of root growth. There is many studies that indicate relations between the inhibition of root growth and cell division and expansion alterations. The mechanisms of Al toxicity and resistance aren?t completely understood in plants. The resistance mechanism of Al chelation by organic acid is one of the mechanisms accept, like the elevation of the rizosphere pH by substances exsudated by the root system. Other possible mechanisms that are being mentionated are the alterations in plasma membrane composition and structure, antioxidant cell system activation, alterations in cell signal and alterations in the membrane channels activity. Aluminum cell sensibility depends of the status cellular. The cells that are sensible to Al, are in the log phase of growth and accumulate the metal, whereas the resistant cells do not accumulate and were in the stationary phase of growth. In our work, we observed that the sensible cells are sensible to low pH too. The sensible cells don?t recover their growth rate and cellular viability after the treatment exposition. Sucrose or mannitol confers cellular protection against the Al. The cellular viability was high (next to the control, pH5,6) and the cell culture recovery their growth and viability after the Al or low pH exposition. The protective effect don?t occurs in response to the energetic role of sucrose, because cells treated with mannitol showed the same results and the mannitol did not metabolizated by tobacco BY-2 cells. Al induces lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in plasma membrane, by the ROS generation promoting the oxidative stress. We found that sensible Al cells showed lipid peroxidation, H2O2 generation, antioxidant enzymes activation (SOD, le carbohydrate levels and protein profile alterations by 2D electrophoresis. The same responses were observed in the pH sensible cells, at log phase of growth. This differences should be more explored. We concluded that the lipid peroxidation is an indicator of sensitivity to Al and low pH, like the antioxidant enzymes activities and the H2O2 generation. Studies should be done with the Al accumulated in time, measuring the activities of antioxidant system and the lipid peroxidation with the objective to indicated what process could start firstly
38

Análise da expressão gênica dos peptídeos hormonais RALF em cana-de-açúcar / Gene expression analysis of the peptide hormones RALF in sugarcane

Mingossi, Fabiana Bombonato 30 March 2009 (has links)
Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) pertence a uma crescente família de peptídeos com características hormonais em plantas. Inicialmente isolado de folhas de plantas de tabaco, peptídeos RALF podem ser encontrados em todo reino vegetal e são expressos em plantas ubiquamente. Plantas de cana-de-açúcar apresentam quatro isoformas dos genes SacRALF e foi identificado que o gene SacRALF1 é expresso predominantemente. Transcritos de SacRALF1 são abundantes nas zonas de elongação de pontas de raízes, e todos os quatro genes SacRALF são mais expressos em folhas jovens e em expansão do que em folhas expandidas. Nos limbos foliares, transcritos dos genes SacRALF foram encontrados em alta concentração na parte basal da folha e baixa concentração na porção apical. O conjunto das análises de expressão gênica neste estudo sugerem que a expressam dos genes SacRALF está localizada nas zonas de elongação de raízes e folhas. Folhas maduras, que são desprovidas de células em elongação, não mostraram expressão considerável dos genes SacRALF. Culturas de suspensão celular embriogênica de cana-de-açúcar mostraram um nível constitutivo de transcritos de genes SacRALF. O peptídeo SacRALF1 foi adicionado ao meio de cultura e inibiu o crescimento de microcalli derivado de culturas de suspensão celular em concentrações tão baixas quanto 0,1 µM. Microcalli expostos ao SacRALF1 exógeno mostraram um número reduzido de células elongadas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os peptídeos RALF possuem uma função no desenvolvimento de plantas, particularmente na elongação celular. / Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) is part of a growing family of peptides with hormone characteristics in plants. Initially isolated from leaves of tobacco plants, RALF peptides can be found throughout the plant kingdom and they are expressed in plants ubiquitously. Sugarcane plants have four isoforms of SacRALF genes and SacRALF1 isoform is expressed predominantly. SacRALF1 transcripts are abundant in the elongation zone of root tips and all four SacRALF genes are more expressed in young and expanding leaves than in expanded leaves. In leaf blades, SacRALF gene transcripts were found at high levels at the basal portion of the leaf and at low levels at the apical portion. The whole set of gene expression analyses showed in this study, suggest that SacRALF genes expression is localized in elongation zones of roots and leaves. Mature leaves that are devoid of elongating cells do not show considerable expression of SacRALF genes. Sugarcane embryogenic cell suspension cultures showed a nearly constitutive level of SacRALF gene transcripts. SacRALF1 peptide was added to culture media and inhibited the growth of microcalli derived from cell suspension cultures at concentrations as low as 0.1 µM. Microcalli exposed to exogenous SacRALF1 showed a reduced number of elongated cells. The findings suggest that RALF peptides have a role in plant development, particularly in cell elongation.
39

Estresse oxidativo e diferenças na sensibilidade de células de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv. BY-2 ao alumínio e à acidez / Oxidative stress and differences in sensibility of tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv. BY-2 to aluminum and acidity

Flávia Regina Capaldi 25 September 2006 (has links)
O alumínio é limitante à atividade agrícola em todo o mundo. Nos solos ácidos a disponibilidade de Al aumenta. Estes solos constituem a maioria dos solos do mundo e dois terços dos solos brasileiros. O problema da acidez do solo e da toxicidade por Al é altamente significativo para as perdas na produtividade agrícola e florestal. Para se ter Al disponível, primeiramente tem que se ter condições de pH baixo. O primeiro sintoma causado pela toxicidade por Al é a inibição no alongamento do sistema radicular. Existem trabalhos vinculando a inibição a alterações nos processos de divisão e expansão celular. Embora os mecanismos de toxicidade e resistência ao Al não estejam totalmente elucidados, admite-se que em algumas plantas, a quelação do Al por ácidos orgânicos é um dos mecanismos que confere resistência das células ao Al, assim como em outras plantas a elevação do pH da rizosfera, por compostos liberados pelo sistema radicular, atua na queda da disponibilidade do Al na solução do solo. Porém, existem outras alternativas que vêm sendo propostas na literatura como possíveis mecanismos de resistência das plantas ao Al, principalmente ao nível celular e molecular. Alterações nas composições lipídica e protéica da membrana plasmática, assim como na sua estrutura física; ativação do sistema antioxidante celular; alterações na sinalização celular e de atividade dos canais de troca da membrana plasmática vêm sendo estudados como possíveis contribuintes para os mecanismos de resistência ao Al. A sensibilidade celular ao Al depende do seu estágio de desenvolvimento. As células sensíveis ao Al acumulam o metal, enquanto que as resistentes acumulam muito pouco. Foi constatado em nosso trabalho que as células sensíveis ao Al também são sensíveis ao baixo pH. As células sensíveis não conseguem recuperar seu crescimento e sua viabilidade celular após a exposição ao Al ou ao baixo pH.A sacarose ou manitol conferiram proteção às células quanto ao acúmulo de Al. Isso fez com que a viabilidade mantivesse-se em níveis próximos ao controle (pH5,6) e a cultura conseguisse recuperar seu crescimento e viabilidade após a exposição ao Al e ao baixo pH. O efeito protetor não foi devido ao caráter energético da sacarose, pois o manitol não é metabolizado pelas células BY-2 e os resultados foram semelhantes quando se usou sacarose ou manitol, nas mesmas concentrações. Sabe-se que o Al aumenta a peroxidação lipídica e a oxidação protéica da membrana plasmática, pela geração de EAO?s, desencadeando o processo de estresse oxidativo na célula. Em nosso estudo, nas células sensíveis houve peroxidação dos lipídios, ativação do sistema de enzimas antioxidantes, como SOD, GST, GR, CAT e APX, alteração nos níveis de carboidratos e alteração no perfil protéico de frações enriquecidas de membrana plasmática, obtido por eletroforese 2D. O mesmo comportamento foi verificado em células sensíveis tratadas a baixo pH. Pode-se concluir que o sistema antioxidante celular foi ativado na presença de baixo pH ou Al, pela ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica, que gera maiores concentrações de H2O2 nas células sensíveis (fase log). E que existem diferenças no perfil protéico de células tratadas com Al em relação a células mantidas sob condições de cultivo, tanto em presença de spots como em expressão diferencial. Porém estas diferenças necessitam ser melhores exploradas. A peroxidação lipídica é um bom indicador da sensibilidade celular ao Al e ao baixo pH, assim como a ativação do sistema antioxidante e a geração do peróxido de hidrogênio. Poderiam ser realizados experimentos no tempo, medindo-se o acúmulo de Al e relacionando-o aos níveis de peroxidação lipídica, atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e geração do peróxido, para que pudéssemos indicar talvez um processo que se iniciasse antes que outro, ou mesmo que decaísse antes do outro. Assim como um monitoramento das condições de oxidação protéica na presença de Al. / Aluminum limits crop production in all over the world. In acid solis the Al disponibility is larger. Acid soils compose the major part of the brazillian soils. The problem of acidity and Al toxicity results in losses of productivity in agriculture and forestry. The first symptom of Al toxicity is inhibition of root growth. There is many studies that indicate relations between the inhibition of root growth and cell division and expansion alterations. The mechanisms of Al toxicity and resistance aren?t completely understood in plants. The resistance mechanism of Al chelation by organic acid is one of the mechanisms accept, like the elevation of the rizosphere pH by substances exsudated by the root system. Other possible mechanisms that are being mentionated are the alterations in plasma membrane composition and structure, antioxidant cell system activation, alterations in cell signal and alterations in the membrane channels activity. Aluminum cell sensibility depends of the status cellular. The cells that are sensible to Al, are in the log phase of growth and accumulate the metal, whereas the resistant cells do not accumulate and were in the stationary phase of growth. In our work, we observed that the sensible cells are sensible to low pH too. The sensible cells don?t recover their growth rate and cellular viability after the treatment exposition. Sucrose or mannitol confers cellular protection against the Al. The cellular viability was high (next to the control, pH5,6) and the cell culture recovery their growth and viability after the Al or low pH exposition. The protective effect don?t occurs in response to the energetic role of sucrose, because cells treated with mannitol showed the same results and the mannitol did not metabolizated by tobacco BY-2 cells. Al induces lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in plasma membrane, by the ROS generation promoting the oxidative stress. We found that sensible Al cells showed lipid peroxidation, H2O2 generation, antioxidant enzymes activation (SOD, le carbohydrate levels and protein profile alterations by 2D electrophoresis. The same responses were observed in the pH sensible cells, at log phase of growth. This differences should be more explored. We concluded that the lipid peroxidation is an indicator of sensitivity to Al and low pH, like the antioxidant enzymes activities and the H2O2 generation. Studies should be done with the Al accumulated in time, measuring the activities of antioxidant system and the lipid peroxidation with the objective to indicated what process could start firstly
40

Análise da expressão gênica dos peptídeos hormonais RALF em cana-de-açúcar / Gene expression analysis of the peptide hormones RALF in sugarcane

Fabiana Bombonato Mingossi 30 March 2009 (has links)
Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) pertence a uma crescente família de peptídeos com características hormonais em plantas. Inicialmente isolado de folhas de plantas de tabaco, peptídeos RALF podem ser encontrados em todo reino vegetal e são expressos em plantas ubiquamente. Plantas de cana-de-açúcar apresentam quatro isoformas dos genes SacRALF e foi identificado que o gene SacRALF1 é expresso predominantemente. Transcritos de SacRALF1 são abundantes nas zonas de elongação de pontas de raízes, e todos os quatro genes SacRALF são mais expressos em folhas jovens e em expansão do que em folhas expandidas. Nos limbos foliares, transcritos dos genes SacRALF foram encontrados em alta concentração na parte basal da folha e baixa concentração na porção apical. O conjunto das análises de expressão gênica neste estudo sugerem que a expressam dos genes SacRALF está localizada nas zonas de elongação de raízes e folhas. Folhas maduras, que são desprovidas de células em elongação, não mostraram expressão considerável dos genes SacRALF. Culturas de suspensão celular embriogênica de cana-de-açúcar mostraram um nível constitutivo de transcritos de genes SacRALF. O peptídeo SacRALF1 foi adicionado ao meio de cultura e inibiu o crescimento de microcalli derivado de culturas de suspensão celular em concentrações tão baixas quanto 0,1 µM. Microcalli expostos ao SacRALF1 exógeno mostraram um número reduzido de células elongadas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os peptídeos RALF possuem uma função no desenvolvimento de plantas, particularmente na elongação celular. / Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) is part of a growing family of peptides with hormone characteristics in plants. Initially isolated from leaves of tobacco plants, RALF peptides can be found throughout the plant kingdom and they are expressed in plants ubiquitously. Sugarcane plants have four isoforms of SacRALF genes and SacRALF1 isoform is expressed predominantly. SacRALF1 transcripts are abundant in the elongation zone of root tips and all four SacRALF genes are more expressed in young and expanding leaves than in expanded leaves. In leaf blades, SacRALF gene transcripts were found at high levels at the basal portion of the leaf and at low levels at the apical portion. The whole set of gene expression analyses showed in this study, suggest that SacRALF genes expression is localized in elongation zones of roots and leaves. Mature leaves that are devoid of elongating cells do not show considerable expression of SacRALF genes. Sugarcane embryogenic cell suspension cultures showed a nearly constitutive level of SacRALF gene transcripts. SacRALF1 peptide was added to culture media and inhibited the growth of microcalli derived from cell suspension cultures at concentrations as low as 0.1 µM. Microcalli exposed to exogenous SacRALF1 showed a reduced number of elongated cells. The findings suggest that RALF peptides have a role in plant development, particularly in cell elongation.

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