<p>A solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for simultaneous extraction of dicarboxylic acids and diols formed during hydrolysis of poly(butylene succinate), PBS, and poly(butylene adipate), PBA. The developed SPE method and subsequent GC-MS analysis were used to extract, identify and quantify low molecular weight products migrating from linear and branched poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) during aging in aqueous media. The combination of SPE and GC-MS proved to be a sensitive tool, able to detect small differences in the degradation rate during early stages of hydrolysis before any significant differences were observed by weight loss and molecular weight measurements. The detected low molecular weight products included monomers i.e. adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol for the PBA polymers and succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol for PBS. Several dimers and trimers i.e. hydroxybutyl adipate, hydroxybutyl succinate, di(hydroxybutyl) adipate, di(hydroxybutyl) succinate and hydroxybutyl disuccinate were also detected. Best extraction efficiency for 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid was achieved with a hydroxylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene resin as solid phase. Linear range for the extracted analytes was 1-500 ng/ml for adipic acid and 2-500 ng/ml for 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid. Detection and quantification limits for all analytes were between 1-2 ng/ml (S/N=3) and 2-7 ng/ml (S/N=10) respectively. Relative standard deviations were between 3 % and 7 %. Comparison of measured weight loss and the amount of monomeric products showed that weight loss during early stages of hydrolysis was mainly caused by the release of water-soluble oligomers that on prolonged ageing were further hydrolyzed to monomeric species. Significant differences in degradation rate could be assigned to degree of branching, molecular weight, aging temperature and degradation medium.</p><p>Linear and branched PBA was mixed with PVC in solution cast films to study the effects of molecular weight and branching on plasticizer efficiency. Used as polymeric plasticizer, PBA formed a semi-miscible two-phase system with PVC where the amorphous part exhibited one single glass transition temperature and the degree of polyester crystallinity was dependent on molecular weight, degree of branching and blend composition. Plasticizing efficiency was favored by higher degree of branching and a 40 weight-percent polyester composition.</p>

Orientadores: Marco-Aurelio De Paoli, Claudia Longo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T15:23:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nogueira_VivianeCarvalho_M.pdf: 7956042 bytes, checksum: 3497431ee35a85b9d6ad28d95b6055c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: As células solares de TiO2 sensibilizadas por corante, DSSC, são constituídas por um filme nanoporoso de TiO2 modificado por um corante fotosensibilizador, um eletrólito no qual está presente o par redox I¨/I3¨, e um contra-eletrodo de platina. Desde 1996 o Laboratório de Polímeros Condutores e Reciclagem (LPCR) do Instituto de Química da Unicamp vem se dedicando ao desenvolvimento de células solares de TiO2/corante de estado sólido, através do emprego de eletrólitos poliméricos. A substituição do eletrólito líquido por um eletrólito polimérico visa minimizar os problemas decorrentes de vazamento ou evaporação do solvente, além de facilitar a montagem dos dispositivos. Estudos anteriores mostraram que as DSSC com eletrólito polimérico apresentam uma baixa estabilidade. Como a durabilidade de um dispositivo é um fator fundamental visando sua produção e uso em larga escala, o objetivo desta dissertação foi investigar as possíveis causas da baixa estabilidade das DSSC e otimizar a composição do eletrólito polimérico baseado em poli(epicloridrina-co-óxido de etileno), P(EO-EPI)84:16, NaI e l2, visando obter células solares com maior eficiência e estabilidade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a baixa estabilidade destas células está relacionada com a elevada quantidade de solvente residual presente no dispositivo após o término de sua montagem. A primeira parte do trabalho consistiu em eliminar esta interferência. O eletrólito polimérico foi otimizado através da adição do plastificante poli(etileno glicol) metil éter, P(EGME), que levou a uma redução significativa da temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg) do material polimérico, aumentando a flexibilidade das cadeias poliméricas e também participando na coordenação dos cátions Na, levando ao aumento da condutividade do eletrólito polimérico (s = 1,7 x 10 S cm, para 13 % m/m NaI). O coeficiente de difusão estimado para os íons no eletrólito polimérico com plastificante foi de 2 x 10 cms, aproximadamente 5 vezes maior do que para o eletrólito sem plastificante. A adição do plastificante não comprometeu as estabilidades térmicas, eletroquímicas e dimensionais dos filmes de eletrólito polimérico. A DSSC preparada com o eletrólito de P(EO-EPI) : P(EGME) (1:1) e 13 % (m/m) de NaI/I2 apresentou uma corrente de curto-circuito (ISC) de 1,88 mA cm e eficiência de conversão de energia (h) de 0,52 % (100 mW cm). Sob 10 mW cm, ISC = 0,60 mA cm e h = 1,75 %. Estes resultados mostram que a adição do plastificante contribuiu para melhorar o desempenho da célula solar e o estudo de estabilidade desta DSSC mostrou uma redução de menos de 15 % na eficiência de conversão de energia após 30 dias de irradiação. / Abstract: Dye sensitized solar cells, DSSC, consist of a nanoporous TiO2 electrode modified by a Ru-complex dye, an electrolyte containing the redox couple I¨/I3¨and a Pt counter electrode. Since 1996 the Conductive Polymers and Recycling Laboratory (LPCR) of the Chemistry Institute at Unicamp is developing solid state dye sensitized solar cells through the use of polymer electrolytes. The substitution of the liquid electrolyte by a polymeric one, eliminates the need of perfect sealing and avoids many problems caused by leakage or evaporation of the solvent, besides making the assembly of the cells much easier. Previous works showed that the DSSC assembled with polymer electrolytes present a poor stability. The durability of a device is a very important parameter when considering practical interests for application of DSSC, so the aim of this dissertation was to investigate the major causes of the poor stability ofthe DSSC and to optimize the composition of the polymer electrolyte based on poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide), P(EO-EPI)84:16, NaI and I2, in order to obtain solar cells with improved efficiency and stability. The results showed that the poor stability of the solar cells could be assigned to the presence of a large amounts of residual solvent in the assembled devices. The first step of the work consisted in eliminating this interference. The polymer electrolyte was optimized through the addition of the plasticizer, poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether), P(EGME), leading to a significant reduction of the copolymer glass transition temperature (Tg), increasing the chains flexibility, and also coordinating the Nacations, enhancing the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte (s = 1.7 X 10 S cm, with 13 wt. % NaI). The diffusion coefficient estimated for the polymer electrolyte with the plasticizer was 2 x 10 cm s, about 5 times larger than for the electrolyte without plasticizer. The plasticizer did not affeet the thermal, electrochemical and dimensional stabilities of the polymer electrolyte films. The DSSC assembled with the polymer electrolyte based on P(EO-EPI) : P(EGME) (1:1) and 13 wt. % of NaI/I2 showed short circuit current (ISC) of 1.88 mA cm and overall conversion efficiency (h) of 0.52 % (100 mW cm). At 10 mW cm, ISC = 0.60 mA cm and h = 1.75 %. These results show that the plasticizer enhanced the performance of the solar cell. The stability test showed a reduction of less than 15 % in the efficiency of energy conversion after irradiating the DSSC for 30 days. / Mestrado / Quimica Inorganica / Mestre em Química

This diploma thesis deals with the development of the rheological properties of plasticized alkali-activated slag over time and depending on the timing of plasticizer and activator addition. These properties are very essential for the use of this material in practice. The main part of this work was oscillating measurements. Two types of measurements were performed – amplitude sweep and time sweep. The aim of the amplitude sweep was to determine the limit properties of the sample related to the destructive structure when the time sweep was continuous monitoring of the evolving structure. Furthermore, calorimetric measurements and solidification measurements were performed using a Vicat apparatus. The silica modulus activator and the method of adding the lignosulfonate-based plasticizer were changed for the individual mixtures. It was found that with the silica module 0 (activation with NaOH) the plasticizer works very well, better results were obtained with the addition of the plasticizer at the beginning of mixing and the activator only later. With increasing silica modulus, the importance of the presence of a plasticizer decreased.

Alkali-activated materials (AAM) are construction materials with great potential, especially for their environmental friendliness, but also due to their mechanical properties. Therefore, it is appropriate to pay further attention to these binders. This diploma thesis deals with monitoring the effectiveness of plasticizers in connection with the surface chemistry of the alkali-activated slag system. Sodium hydroxide and sodium water glass were used as alkaline activators for the preparation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag-based systems. To study the effectiveness of the lignosulfonate plasticizer, yield stress, heat flow, adsorption and zeta potential were monitored depending on the amount and time that the plasticizer was added to the system. The results show that the type of activator used in the mixtures plays an important role. NaOH-activated samples revealed the best efficiency of lignosulfonate plasticizers. A key factor in studying the behavior of the studied mixtures was the measurement of the zeta potential, which provided insight into the surface charge of blast furnace slag particles related to the ability of lignosulfonate to adsorb on grains of alkali-activated slag.

This diploma thesis deals with influence of modifying additives on achieved properties of anhydrite binders. The first part is focused on funamentals of anhydrite binders. Ist second part introduces anhydrite under-layments and their standard requirements. The experimental part is dedicated to anhydrite binders modyfyied by plasticizers, while their final properties are compared.

Alkali activated materials could be suitable alternative to construction materials based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Therefore, it is advisable to pursue these binders further on. Aim of this thesis is to clarify the effect of lignosulfonate-based plasticizer and polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer on the behaviour and nature of alkali activated materials. For the purposes of studying the efficiency of plasticizing additives, the change of workability of alkali activated blast furnace slag in dependence on time, effect of additives on mechanical properties as well as, with usage of isothermal calorimetry, their impact on kinetics of solidification and hardening had been observed. The stability of the plasticizing admixtures in a high alkaline environment such as water glass and sodium hydroxide had been studied using infrared spectrometry. As a last step, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) had been used while clarifying the chemical changes in the structure of plasticizing additives after adsorption to blast furnace slag.

L’objectif de ces travaux est d’analyser les propriétés rhéologiques de l’acétate de cellulose, un polymère biosourcé. Afin de faciliter la mise en œuvre de l’acétate de cellulose, il est usuel d’y incorporer des plastifiants. Dans le but de développer la transformation de ce polymère par des procédés industriels conventionnels, il est nécessaire d’obtenir davantage d’informations rhéologiques pour différentes conditions d’écoulement. Le comportement rhéologique particulier d’un acétate de cellulose plastifié de degré de substitution 2,45 a été étudié à l’aide de différentes mesures rhéologiques. Des mesures viscoélastiques dans le régime linéaire ont été menées et des comportements inattendus ont été mis en évidence. Par rapport à des polymères thermoplastiques conventionnels, la structure et les dynamiques des relaxations des chaînes macromoléculaires d’acétate de cellulose semblent être plus complexes que celles des polymères synthétiques communs. Ces observations ont été confirmées par des mesures dans le régime non linéaire. Les résultats suggèrent que le comportement viscoélastique des chaînes d’acétate de cellulose n’est pas contrôlé par des enchevêtrements mais plutôt par une autre longueur de corrélation définie par l’existence de points d’interactions fortes entre les chaînes nommés stickers. Ces interactions engendrent un comportement d’échelle inhabituel suivant le taux de plastifiant et la température. / This present work deals with the rheological properties of cellulose acetate which is a biobased polymer manufactured from cellulose. In order to facilitate its forming process, cellulose acetate is usually blended with plasticizers. As the conventional industrial processes need rheological information for different flow conditions, viscoelastic behaviour of a plasticized cellulose acetate with a degree of substitution of 2,45 was investigated by various rheology experiments. Measurements in the linear regime were carried out for various plasticizer contents and some unexpected behaviours have been highlighted. Compared to conventional thermoplastic polymers, the structure and dynamics of the macromolecular chains of cellulose acetate seem to be more complex than that of common synthetic polymers. This was confirmed by measurements in the nonlinear domain. The results suggests that the viscoelastic behaviour of cellulose acetate chains is not controlled by entanglements but rather by another correlation length related to strong interactions between chains, named stickers. These interactions confer to the polymer dynamics an unusual scaling behaviour depending on plasticizer content and temperature.

O presente estudo demonstrou que a formação de cavidades (breath figures) em filmes de CA, CAPh, CAB e CMCAB preparados por spin-coating de soluções em tetrahidrofurano (THF) foi dependente das características moleculares dos polímeros quando preparados em ambiente com umidade relativa baixa (UR 35%), enquanto que em UR mais elevadas (55% e 75%) o balanço entre a energia superficial da água, THF e energia interfacial entre água e THF foi determinante. Por outro lado, a rápida exposição (de 3 a 6 min) desses filmes ao vapor de solvente teve um efeito plastificante tornando os filmes de CAB, CAPh e CMCAB completamente lisos, enquanto que para filmes de CA foi observado o efeito dewetting. Surfactantes biocompatíveis à base de sorbitano (Tween&#174;) foram usados como plastificantes para filmes de ésteres de celulose obtidos por evaporação de solvente. O comportamento térmico dos filmes foi dependente do tamanho da cauda hidrofóbica do surfactante, do tipo do grupo lateral dos polímeros e da composição da mistura. Tween 20 e 40 mostraram agir como um excelente plastificante para os ésteres de celulose, exceto para o CA, no qual foi imiscível. Teores baixos de Tween favoreceram a flexibilidade das cadeias de polímeros ao passo que quantidades maiores aumentaram a mobilidade molecular dos ésteres de celulose levando a variações de Tg de até 200 &#176;C. Filmes de nanocompósitos de CAB reforçados com nanocristais de celulose (CNC) modificados com diferentes grupos funcionais (acetato e metiladipoíla) foram preparados a partir de dispersões em acetato de etila (AE), THF e N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF). A melhor estabilidade coloidal foi verificada em DMF, devido sua alta polaridade. Suspensões em AE e THF de CNC modificados foram mais estáveis do que CNC por conta das interações entre grupos substituintes e solventes. As propriedades mecânicas dos nanocompósitos, resultantes da dispersibilidade de nanocristais na matriz de CAB mostraram forte relação com a estabilidade coloidal das dispersões. Beads de celulose foram obtidos utilizando polpa pré-tratada de eucalipto, oxidados e utilizados como suporte para incorporação de um agente bactericida QPVP-C5. Bactérias de Micrococcus luteus adsorveram sobre beads oxidados e nos beads contendo baixa quantidade de QPVP-C5 adsorvido e foi observada propriedade biocida nos beads com elevada quantidade de QPVP-C5 adsorvido. Os resultados mostram o preparo de materiais celulósicos multifuncionais de baixo custo e simples preparação para aplicações em meios aquosos com a finalidade de imobilização e ação biocida frente a bactérias Gram-positivas. / The present study demonstrated that the breath figures formation in CA, CAPh, CAB and CMCAB films spin-coated from solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dependent on the polymers molecular characteristics when prepared under low relative humidity (RH 35%), whereas under higher RH (55% and 75%), the balance among water and THF surface energy and interfacial energy between water and THF was determinant. On the other hand, the short solvent vapor exposure had a plasticizer effect, making CAB, CAPh and CMCAB films completely smooth (from 3 up to 6 min), while dewetting phenomena was observed for CA films. Biocompatible sorbitan-based surfactants (Tween&#174;) were used as plasticizer for CA, CAPh, CAB and CMCAB casted films. The thermal behavior of films was dependent on the size of surfactant hydrophobic tail, type of polymer side group and the mixture composition. Tween 20 and 40 showed act as an excellent plasticizer for cellulose esters, except for CA, which was immiscible. Low Tween content favored polymeric chains flexibility while higher content increased the cellulose esters molecular mobility leading to Tg variations up to 200 &#176;C. CAB-based nanocomposites casted films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) modified with different functional groups (acetate and methyl adipoil) were prepared from dispersions in ethyl acetate (EA), THF and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The best colloidal stability was verified in DMF, due its high polarity. Suspensions in EA and THF of modified CNC where more stable than unmodified CNC, regarding the interactions among substituents groups and solvents. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites stemming from nanocrystals dispersibility in the CAB matrix showed strong relationship with the colloidal stability. Cellulose beads were obtained by using pretreated Eucalyptus pulp, oxidized and used as a support for the incorporation of a biocide agent. Micrococcus luteus bacteria adsorbed onto oxidized beads and on the beads with low content of adsorbed QPVP-C5. It was observed biocide property for the beads with high QPVP-C5 content. The results show the simple preparation of low cost multifunctional cellulosic materials for applications in aqueous media for the purpose of immobilization and biocide action against Gram-positive bacteria.

Le travail présenté ici porte sur la réalisation d’un matériau polymère piézoélectrique destiné à être l’élément sensible d’un capteur de déformation de tissus biologiques. Cela comprend notamment l’étude de l’assouplissement du copolymère P(VDF-TrFE) nécessaire pour se rapprocher des propriétés mécaniques d’une artère, sans dégrader son coefficient piézoélectrique. Des films de P(VDF-TrFE) plastifiés avec du phtalate de diéthyle (DEP) ont été réalisés selon différents protocoles incluant enduction ou spin-coating et polarisation sous haute tension pour activer les propriétés ferroélectriques. Selon les conditions d’élaboration, deux structures distinctes de films ont été obtenues avec des propriétés physiques propres à chacune. Dans le premier type de film, l’étude de la morphologie et des courbes d’hystérésis polarisation-champ électrique a permis de mettre en évidence une nouvelle structuration du matériau, avec la démixtion du plastifiant dans la matrice. Le champ coercitif est dans ce cas fortement abaissé ce qui permet une réduction de la haute tension de polarisation nécessaire allant jusqu’à 40%, même lorsque que le film ne contient plus que 50wt% de P(VDF-TrFE). Le second type de film, obtenu après recuit à plus basse température, présente au contraire une structure quasi homogène et des propriétés proches d’une loi de mélange. Le champ coercitif reste comparable à celui du P(VDF-TrFE) pur mais la flexibilité du matériau est fortement accrue. L’étude des propriétés mécaniques a montré que le plastifiant peut réduire le module de Young du copolymère à 40MPa avec 30wt% de DEP dans le film. De surcroit la polarisation rémanente et le coefficient piézoélectrique sont également renforcés. Des tests in vitro et in vivo, réalisés sur des artères, de capteurs basés sur ces derniers films ont démontré le haut potentiel du matériau à détecter des déformations de tissus mous et à fonctionner aux fréquences biologiques humaines / The work presented here focuses on the preparation of a piezoelectric polymer material aimed to be the sensitive element of a strain sensor of biological tissues. This includes the study of the softening of the copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) necessary to be close of the mechanical properties of an artery, without reducing the piezoelectric coefficient. Plasticized P(VDF-TrFE) films with diethyl phthalate (DEP) were made according to different protocols including doctor blade technique or spin-coating and polarization under high voltage to activate the ferroelectric properties. Depending on the preparation conditions, two distinct structures were obtained with physical properties specific to each of them. For the first type of film, the study of the morphology and the hysteresis loops polarization-electric field showed a new structure of the material, with a demixing of the plasticizer in the matrix. In this case, the coercive field is strongly reduced which allows a decrease of the required high polarization voltage up to 40%, even if the film only contains 50wt% of P(VDF-TrFE). The second type of film, obtained after an annealing at lower temperature, has an almost homogeneous structure and properties close to a mixing law. The coercive field remains comparable to that of the pure P(VDF-TrFE) but the flexibility of the material is greatly increased. The study of the mechanical properties showed that the plasticizer can reduce the Young modulus to 40MPa for 30wt% of DEP in the film. In addition, the remanent polarization and the piezoelectric coefficient are also reinforced. In vitro and in vivo experiments, performed on arteries, of sensors based on these films demonstrated the high potential of the material to detect the strain of soft tissues and to function at biologic human frequencies

O presente estudo demonstrou que a formação de cavidades (breath figures) em filmes de CA, CAPh, CAB e CMCAB preparados por spin-coating de soluções em tetrahidrofurano (THF) foi dependente das características moleculares dos polímeros quando preparados em ambiente com umidade relativa baixa (UR 35%), enquanto que em UR mais elevadas (55% e 75%) o balanço entre a energia superficial da água, THF e energia interfacial entre água e THF foi determinante. Por outro lado, a rápida exposição (de 3 a 6 min) desses filmes ao vapor de solvente teve um efeito plastificante tornando os filmes de CAB, CAPh e CMCAB completamente lisos, enquanto que para filmes de CA foi observado o efeito dewetting. Surfactantes biocompatíveis à base de sorbitano (Tween&#174;) foram usados como plastificantes para filmes de ésteres de celulose obtidos por evaporação de solvente. O comportamento térmico dos filmes foi dependente do tamanho da cauda hidrofóbica do surfactante, do tipo do grupo lateral dos polímeros e da composição da mistura. Tween 20 e 40 mostraram agir como um excelente plastificante para os ésteres de celulose, exceto para o CA, no qual foi imiscível. Teores baixos de Tween favoreceram a flexibilidade das cadeias de polímeros ao passo que quantidades maiores aumentaram a mobilidade molecular dos ésteres de celulose levando a variações de Tg de até 200 &#176;C. Filmes de nanocompósitos de CAB reforçados com nanocristais de celulose (CNC) modificados com diferentes grupos funcionais (acetato e metiladipoíla) foram preparados a partir de dispersões em acetato de etila (AE), THF e N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF). A melhor estabilidade coloidal foi verificada em DMF, devido sua alta polaridade. Suspensões em AE e THF de CNC modificados foram mais estáveis do que CNC por conta das interações entre grupos substituintes e solventes. As propriedades mecânicas dos nanocompósitos, resultantes da dispersibilidade de nanocristais na matriz de CAB mostraram forte relação com a estabilidade coloidal das dispersões. Beads de celulose foram obtidos utilizando polpa pré-tratada de eucalipto, oxidados e utilizados como suporte para incorporação de um agente bactericida QPVP-C5. Bactérias de Micrococcus luteus adsorveram sobre beads oxidados e nos beads contendo baixa quantidade de QPVP-C5 adsorvido e foi observada propriedade biocida nos beads com elevada quantidade de QPVP-C5 adsorvido. Os resultados mostram o preparo de materiais celulósicos multifuncionais de baixo custo e simples preparação para aplicações em meios aquosos com a finalidade de imobilização e ação biocida frente a bactérias Gram-positivas. / The present study demonstrated that the breath figures formation in CA, CAPh, CAB and CMCAB films spin-coated from solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dependent on the polymers molecular characteristics when prepared under low relative humidity (RH 35%), whereas under higher RH (55% and 75%), the balance among water and THF surface energy and interfacial energy between water and THF was determinant. On the other hand, the short solvent vapor exposure had a plasticizer effect, making CAB, CAPh and CMCAB films completely smooth (from 3 up to 6 min), while dewetting phenomena was observed for CA films. Biocompatible sorbitan-based surfactants (Tween&#174;) were used as plasticizer for CA, CAPh, CAB and CMCAB casted films. The thermal behavior of films was dependent on the size of surfactant hydrophobic tail, type of polymer side group and the mixture composition. Tween 20 and 40 showed act as an excellent plasticizer for cellulose esters, except for CA, which was immiscible. Low Tween content favored polymeric chains flexibility while higher content increased the cellulose esters molecular mobility leading to Tg variations up to 200 &#176;C. CAB-based nanocomposites casted films reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) modified with different functional groups (acetate and methyl adipoil) were prepared from dispersions in ethyl acetate (EA), THF and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The best colloidal stability was verified in DMF, due its high polarity. Suspensions in EA and THF of modified CNC where more stable than unmodified CNC, regarding the interactions among substituents groups and solvents. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites stemming from nanocrystals dispersibility in the CAB matrix showed strong relationship with the colloidal stability. Cellulose beads were obtained by using pretreated Eucalyptus pulp, oxidized and used as a support for the incorporation of a biocide agent. Micrococcus luteus bacteria adsorbed onto oxidized beads and on the beads with low content of adsorbed QPVP-C5. It was observed biocide property for the beads with high QPVP-C5 content. The results show the simple preparation of low cost multifunctional cellulosic materials for applications in aqueous media for the purpose of immobilization and biocide action against Gram-positive bacteria.