Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Packaging, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (Proquest, viewed on Aug. 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

No description available.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 C525 / Master of Science

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Engineering. Johannesburg, 2016 / The purpose of this investigation was to investigate whether or not it would be possible to separate blow moulded and injection moulded waste plastics using two techniques; air classification and ballistic separation. Air classification and ballistic separation are two techniques that separate different types of material according to size, shape and density. Previous research, together with new measurements, has suggested that blow mould plastics tend to be thinner in terms of wall thickness than injection moulded plastics meaning that air classification could be used to separate each type of plastic. The material used for the study was supplied by a Romanian recycler and was a mixture of High Density Polyethylene and polypropylene. Two additional samples, one Polyethylene rich and the other polypropylene rich, were also included in the research. The first part of the study involved measuring different characteristics of the material to determine how to go about performing the different air classification experiments. The second part of the study focused on separating the different material samples using different air classifier systems and a ballistic separation system. The third part of the study focused on processing the samples from part 2 (air classification) into test specimens for further mechanical and melt flow property measurements. After measuring the mechanical and melt flow properties of the different samples it was found that air classification did not substantially improve the mechanical or melt flow properties of the material. The study did, however, show that there is a strong correlation between polymer type and melt flow properties. High Density polypropylene is generally used for blow mould applications whereas polypropylene is generally used for injection mould applications. Separating the material according to polymer type therefore means that the material is, to an extent, also sorted according to melt flow properties. / MT2017

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Technological advancement has thrust MEMS design and fabrication into the forefront of modern technologies. It has become sufficiently self-sustained to allow mass production. The limiting factor which is stalling commercialization of MEMS is the packaging and device reliability. The challenging issues with MEMS packaging are application specific. The function of the package is to give the MEMS device mechanical support, protection from the environment, and electrical connection to other devices in the system. The current state of the art in MEMS packaging transcends the various packaging techniques available in the integrated circuit (IC) industry. At present the packaging of MEMS includes hermetic ceramic packaging and metal packaging with hermetic seals. For example the ADXL202 accelerometer from the Analog Devices. Study of the packaging methods and costs show that both of these methods of packaging are expensive and not needed for majority of MEMS applications. Due to this the cost of current MEMS packaging is relatively high, as much as 90% of the finished product. Reducing the cost is therefore of the prime concern. This Thesis explores the possibility of an inexpensive plastic package for MEMS sensors like accelerometers, optical MEMS, blood pressure sensors etc. Due to their cost effective techniques, plastic packaging already dominates the IC industry. They cost less, weigh less, and their size is small. However, porous nature of molding materials allows penetration of moisture into the package. The Thesis includes an extensive study of the plastic packaging and characterization of three different plastic package samples. Polymeric materials warp upon absorbing moisture, generating hygroscopic stresses. Hygroscopic stresses in the package add to the thermal stress due to high reflow temperature. Despite this, hygroscopic characteristics of the plastic package have been largely ignored. To facilitate understanding of the moisture absorption, an analytical model is presented in this Thesis. Also, an empirical model presents, in this Thesis, the parameters affecting moisture ingress. This information is important to determine the moisture content at a specific time, which would help in assessing reliability of the package. Moisture absorption is modeled using the single phase absorption theory, which assumes that moisture diffusion occurs freely without any bonding with the resin. This theory is based on the Fick's Law of diffusion, which considers that the driving force of diffusion is the water concentration gradient. A finite difference simulation of one-dimensional moisture diffusion using the Crank-Nicolson implicit formula is presented. Moisture retention causes swelling of compounds which, in turn, leads to warpage. The warpage induces hygroscopic stresses. These stresses can further limit the performance of the MEMS sensors. This Thesis also presents a non invasive methodology to characterize a plastic package. The warpage deformations of the package are measured using Optoelectronic holography (OEH) methodology. The OEH methodology is noninvasive, remote, and provides results in full-field-of-view. Using the quantitative results of OEH measurements of deformations of a plastic package, pressure build up can be calculated and employed to assess the reliability of the package.

Orientador: Kil Jin Park / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T17:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_Francelida_D.pdf: 2636831 bytes, checksum: b62ffc8d2eda94de17cee0e541f7b44b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: No Brasil o uso terapêutico de plantas medicinais está cada vez mais crescente. Várias empresas nacionais e internacionais empregam matéria-prima vegetal na elaboração de seus produtos, o que torna indispensável o cultivo comercial e o beneficiamento pós-colheita destas espécies. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudo pós-colheita de duas espécies medicinais de importância econômica, a calêndula (Calendula officinalis L.) e a carqueja (Baccharis genistelloides var. trimera (Less). Baker var. trimera (Less). Backer). Nas duas espécies foi avaliado o melhor processo de secagem, utilizando três diferentes secadores, secador convectivo vertical, secador a gás e estufa com circulação forçada de ar, em três diferentes temperaturas, 30, 45 e 60°C, bem como o armazenamento das mesmas em três embalagens diferentes, polietileno de baixa densidade, vidro e papel kraft. Os processos de secagem foram avaliados em função do teor de óleo essencial de cada espécie e sua composição química. As isotermas e as curvas de secagem foram levantadas e tratadas com os modelos matemáticos, Bet, Bet linear, Peleg. Gab, Hasley, Lagmuir, Oswin, Henderson e Chung. As diferentes temperaturas não interferiram nos parâmetros avaliados, quanto ao óleo de calêndula, em todos os secadores, mas diferiram entre os diferentes secadores utilizados, sendo que, entre os secadores o que manteve os maiores teores de óleo de calêndula foi o secador convectivo vertical. No caso da carqueja, não houve diferenças relacionadas com as temperaturas e nem com os tipos de secadores. Ao longo do armazenamento, a embalagem Kraft foi a que melhor preservou a integridade física e química do produto, assim como, manteve o teor de óleo ao longo de um ano de armazenamento nas duas espécies / Abstract: In Brazil, the therapeutical use of medicinal plants is increasing each time. Some national and international companies use vegetal raw material in the elaboration of its products, so the commercial cultivation and the improvement of harvest of these species becomes indispensable. The objective of this work was to study post-harvest of two medicinal species with economic importance: calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) and carqueja (Baccharis genistelloides var. trimera (Less). Baker). In these two species the best process of drying was evaluated, using three different dryers, convective vertical dryer, the gas dryer, and oven with forced air circulation, with three different temperatures, 30, 45 and 60°C, as well as using three different packing materials: polyethylene of low density, glass and kraft paper. The drying processes was evaluated in relation of the essential oil and its chemical composition of species. The isotherms and the drying curves were obtained and treated with mathematical model, Bet, Bet linear, Peleg. Gab, Hasley, Lagmuir, Oswin, Henderson e Chung. The differents temperatures did not show the difference in the process of drying in calendula in each different driers, but they differed among the driers, and the drier that kept more oil content of calendula was the convective vertical dryer. In the case of carqueja, no differences were found in the different temperatures or the different driers used in drying. During the storage, the kraft packing material was the one that better preserved the physical and chemical integrity of the product, as well as, it kept the oil content throughout one year of storage time for these two species / Doutorado / Tecnologia Pós-Colheita / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola