Orientador: Jose Francisco Hofling / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:02:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros_LetiziaMonteiro_D.pdf: 1457309 bytes, checksum: df3cfd98d740cdfc928e9c7b1e4a3c89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Candida spp. são leveduras oportunistas, que habitam a cavidade bucal de uma proporção significativa da população saudável. Entretanto, sob condições predisponentes, podem provocar candidose bucal. Foram avaliados 53 pacientes com diagnóstico de periodontite, porém saudáveis sistemicamente, com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência destes microrganismos em 3 sítios distintos: bolsa periodontal, sulco gengival e mucosa bucal. As amostras foram semeadas em meio cromogênico seletivo, e a identificação de C. albicans e C. dubliniensis foi feita por PCR. Vinte e um pacientes (39,6%) foram positivos para Candida spp. Não houve diferença significativa na freqüência de colonização entre os gêneros (teste , p= 0,5922), ou entre os sítios (teste , p= 0,1287). Entretanto, as bolsas periodontais foram mais densamente povoadas (UFC/mL) do que os outros sítios (teste ANOVA, p=0,0319), podendo ser consideradas, assim, um bom reservatório para estas leveduras. C. albicans, foi a espécie prevalente, em relação às demais (teste exato de Fischer; p=0,0088). C. dubliniensis ocorreu em um paciente, nas bolsas periodontais. A diversidade genética de C. albicans e C. dubliniensis foi analisada pelo método de RAPD, utilizando dois primers arbitrários (OPA-03 e AP-03), sendo detectados 16 tipos eletroforéticos distintos entre os 156 isolados de C. albicans e de um tipo eletroforético entre os três isolados de C. dubliniensis. Não houve diferença significativa entre os sítios (teste ANOVA, p=0,6431), nem entre os gêneros (teste t de student, p=0,892), quanto à diversidade genotípica de C. albicans. Todos os isolados apresentaram atividade enzimática de aspartil proteinases (Saps) e de fosfolipases, podendo ser considerados, portanto, potencialmente patogênicos. A propagação sistêmica de linhagens potencialmente patogênicas de C. albicans e C. dubliniensis, assim como de outras espécies do gênero, poderia ser favorecida em determinados grupos populacionais, especialmente quando as bolsas periodontais se apresentassem densamente colonizadas. Estudos longitudinais seriam necessários, para acessar o grau de manutenção dessas linhagens, em diferentes populações, incluindo a avaliação dos fatores de virulência e da susceptibilidade a agentes antifúngicos, bem como verificar a eficácia da terapia periodontal no controle e/ou eliminação dessas espécies da cavidade bucal / Abstract: Candida spp. are opportunistic yeasts that are able to inhabit the oral cavity of a high proportion of the healthy people. However, under predisponent condictions, Candida species are associated many forms of oral candidoses. A total of 53 patients with periodontitis, without systemic disease, were evaluated to verify the occurrence of this microorganism in three different sites: periodontal pocket, gingival sulci and oral mucosa. The samples were plated on chromogenic medium, and C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were identified by PCR Twenty-one volunteers (39.6%) were positive to Candida spp. in one or more sites. No statistical differences were detected between the genders, male or female ( , p= 0.5922), or sites ( , p= 0.1287). Periodontal pockets were more heavily populated (CFU/ml) than other sites (ANOVA, p=0.0319), so may be considered a yeast reservoir. It was found a higher prevalence of C. albicans compared to other species (Fischer test, p=0.0088). C. dubliniensis were recovered from the periodontal pocket from one patient. The genotypic diversity of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis were analyzed by RAPD, using two arbitrarily primers (OPA-03 and AP-03), and 16 electrophoretic types were detected among 156 isolates of C. albicans and one electrophoretic type among three isolates of C. dubliniensis. There was no statistical difference among the analyzed sites (ANOVA, p=0.6431), neither between of gender (student t test, p=0.892) related with the genotypic diversity of C. albicans. All isolates showed enzymatic activity of aspartil proteinase (Saps) and phospholipase, so may be considered potentially pathogenic. Systemic propagation of commensal C. albicans, C. dublinienesis, and other species, would be favor in some population, especially in heavily populated periodontal pockets with Candida spp. Longitudinal studies must be done to establish the lineage maintenance in a different population and forms of periodontal disease, including the evaluation of virulence factors, antifungal susceptibility, and to assess the efficacy of different periodontal treatment to eliminate this species from the oral cavity / Doutorado / Microbiologia e Imunologia / Doutor em Biologia Buco-Dental

Orientadores: Marcio Zaffalon Casati, Sergio de Toledo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanatta_GuilhermeMenegaz_M.pdf: 1445889 bytes, checksum: 0fedbc30f301f1ad577e7698631e8f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um protocolo de tratamento periodontal, baseado no debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, com ultra-som, associado ou não ao iodo polivinilpirrolidona (pvp-i). Foram utilizados 40 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com pelo menos 8 dentes, distribuídos nas duas arcadas, com profundidade de sondagem maior ou igual a 5mm e presença de sangramento após a sondagem. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos, com 15 pacientes, que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: grupo Tc = raspagem e alisamento radicular realizado por arcada, com curetas convencionais, sem limite de tempo, associado ao ultra-som e solução refrigerante de Cloreto de Sódio (NaCl) 0,9%; grupo Di = debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, num tempo máximo de 45 minutos, com ultra-som, tendo como solução refrigerante pvp-i à 0,5% de iodo ativo; grupo D = debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, num tempo máximo de 45 minutos, com ultra-som, tendo como substância refrigerante NaCl 0,9%. Na reavaliação de 3 meses, a redução média da profundidade de sondagem no grupo D foi de 2,58mm ± 0,6, no grupo Di foi de 2,54mm ± 0,50 e no grupo Tc ficou em 2,50mm ± 0,52. Na avaliação do nível clínico de inserção observou-se um ganho de 1,86mm ± 0,56 no grupo Tc, 1,95mm ± 0,70 no grupo Di e 2,00mm ± 0,92 no grupo D. Não houve diferença estatística, na análise intergrupo dos parâmetros clínicos, aos 3 meses de acompanhamento (p>0,05). Durante a análise da recessão gengival não se observou diferença significativa entre os grupos, apenas em relação aos períodos avaliados. A avaliação da atividade tipo tripsina do biofilme apresentou uma redução significativa apenas no primeiro mês (Tc= 4,03 ± 5,43; Di= 6,51 ± 4,83; D= 7,98 ± 5,97), não houve diferença intragrupo aos 3 meses (p=0,80). Esses achados revelaram que o debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, com ultra-som, associado ou não ao pvp-i, mostrou ser capaz de restabelecer a saúde periodontal de pacientes portadores de periodontite crônica / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a single course of full mouth debridement with ultrasound associated to irrigation with 0.5% pvp-iodine in chronic periodontitis patients. Forty patients were randomly assigned into three groups: The CG group received quadrant root planning at intervals of one week over four consecutive sessions; the PD-PIG group received full mouth debridement with ultrasound associated to 0.5% pvp-iodine irrigation in 45 min; and the PDG group received full mouth debridement with ultrasound associated to NaCl irrigation in 45 min. At 3 month¿s reevaluation the mean PD reduction in CG group was 2.51 mm ± 0.52, 2.53 mm ± 0.50 in PD-PIG group and 2.58 mm ± 0.60 in PDG group. The CAL analysis showed a gain of 1.87 mm ± 0.56 (CG), 1.94 mm ± 0.70 (PD-PIG) and 1.99 mm ± 0.92 (PDG). When comparing baseline to 3-month reevaluation statistically significance was observed in PD reduction and CAL gains (p<0.05). BAPNA test did not show any statistically difference in plaque samples at 3 months when compared to baseline (p=0.80). These findings suggest that one-stage full-mouth debridement can obtain beneficial effects instead of short time treatment / Mestrado / Periodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Nanosatellites, such as Cubesats, are a rapidly growing sector of the space industry. Their popularity stems from their low development cost, short development cycle, and the widespread availability of COTS subsystems. Budget-conscious spacecraft designers are working to expand the range of missions that can be accomplished with nanosatellites, and a key area of development fueling this expansion is the creation of micropropulsion systems. One such system, originally developed at the Australian National University (ANU), is an electrothermal plasma thruster known as Pocket Rocket (PR). This device heats neutral propellant gas by exposing it to a Capacitively Coupled Plasma (CCP), then expels the heated gas to produce thrust. Significant work has gone towards understanding how PR creates and sustains a plasma and how this plasma heats the neutral gas. However, no research has been published on varying in the device's geometry. This thesis aims to observe how the size of the RF electrode affects PR operation, and to determine if it can be adjusted to improve performance. To this end, a thruster has been built which allows the geometry of the RF electrode to be easily varied. Measurements of the plasma density at the exit of this thruster with different sizes of electrode were then used to validate a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model capable of approximately reproducing experimental measurements from both this study and from the ANU team. From this CFD, the number of argon ions in the thruster was found for each geometry, since collisions between argon ions and neutrals are primarily responsible for the heating observed in the thruster. A geometry using a 10.5 mm electrode was observed to produce a 23% increase in the quantity of ions produced compared to the baseline 5 mm electrode size, and a 3.5 mm electrode appears to produce 88% more ions.

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the available strategies for milling of closed pockets. In particular, it focuses on advanced programming using CAM programs. In the next parts, the work is focused on the analysis of the force load of tools in the machining of the pockets. Here it focuses on the course of forces in milling at the corner of the pocket using different methods of analyzing this load. There are also ways to reduce this burden.

The thesis examines the ability to have synchronized playout of audio from multiple devices. The paths between the source of this audio and the output devices may be different. Our objective is to provide a generic low-cost solution, without the use of special hardware. The context of this work is internet telephony, but the work is also applicable to other settings. In internet telephony this synchronization not only contributes to the natural flow of conversation, but also maintains the spatial effect of the incoming audio streams, as well as the location awareness of the peers. We envisioned users of handheld devices might collectively utilize their personal devices to enable a shared spatial audio environment. In the simplest case two users each with monophonic terminals could provide stereo. Hence, the second part of this study addresses the practical issue of how such synchronization could be utilized in a internet telephony client to provide such multidevice playout. We utilized minisip, as an open-source Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) client supporting security, as the basic client. To realize the vision, we ported minisip to a Pocket PC environment. In the second part of this thesis we examine the process of porting preexisting code to such a new architecture, as well as how to map an existing human-computer interface to such a handheld device. The thesis shows that synchronization is possible and explores some of the implementation’s limitations. A clear result is the need to combine the results of several theses into the common trunk code - so as to combine the earlier RTCP work with this synchronization work and to provide the a human-computer interface which is suitable for many different handheld devices, ranging from Pocket PCs to SmartPhones. / Rapporten visar på möjligheten att synkronisera ljuduppspelning på multipla ljudenheter. Vägarna från ljudkllan till de olika högtalarna (utenheterna) kan skilja sig. Vårt mål är att tillhandahålla en generell lösning till en lågt kostnad, utan att behöva använda specialhårdvara. Området för detta arbete är internettelefoni, men arbetet är även tillämpbart inom andra områden. I fallet med internettelefoni så bidrar ljudsynkroniseringen inte enbart till det naturliga konversationsflödet, utan även till de rumsrelaterade aspekterna av de inkommande ljudströmmarna och samtalsparternas medvetenhet om sina geografiska positioner. Vi förutser att användare av mobila terminaler kan komma att använda sina terminaler tillsammans för att möjliggöra en gemensam ljudmiljö. I sitt enklaste utförande kan två monoenheter tillsammans skapa en ljudmiljö för stereo-ljud. Därför adresserar den andra delen av studien hur denna typ av ljudsynkronisering kan användas inom IP-telefoni för att möjliggöra synkroniserad uppspelning på flera enheter. Vi använde minisip, en klient för SIP byggd på öppen källkod och med säkerhetsstöd, som en grundläggande terminal. För att realisera vår vision så portade vi minisip till Pocket PC-miljön. I den andra delen av den här rapporten undersöker vi även processen för att portera existerande kod till en sådan arktitektur, och hur man överför existerande användargränssnitt till en handhållen terminal. Denna rapport visar att synkronisering är möjlig men visar samtidigt på en del av begränsningarna i implementationen. Ett tydligt resultat är behovet av att kombinera tidigare rapporters resultat – för att kombinera tidigare arbete inom RTCP med detta arbete inom synkronisering och för att tillhandahålla ett användargränssnitt lämpat för många olika handhållna terminaler, från Pocket PC-baserade till SmartPhone-baserade system.

Endochondral ossification is the process of skeletal bone growth via the formation of a cartilage template that subsequently undergoes mineralization to form trabecular bone. Genetic mutations affecting the proliferation or differentiation of chondrocytes result in skeletal abnormalities. Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) modulates expression of cell cycle regulatory genes in chondrocytes, and mutation of ATF-2 results in a dwarfed phenotype. Here we investigate the regulatory role that ATF-2 plays in expression of the pocket proteins, cell cycle regulators important in cellular proliferation and differentiation. The spatial and temporal pattern of pocket protein expression was identified in wild type and mutant growth plates. Expression of retinoblastoma (pRb) mRNA and protein were decreased in ATF-2 mutant primary chondrocytes. pRb mRNA expression was coordinated with chondrogenic differentiation and cell cycle exit in ATDC5 cells. Type X collagen immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize a delay in differentiation in response to loss of ATF-2 signaling. Chondrocyte proliferation was also affected by loss of ATF-2. These studies suggest pRb plays a role in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and growth plate development by modulating cell cycle progression. ATF-2 regulates expression of pRb within the developing growth plate, contributing to the skeletal phenotype of ATF-2 mutant mice through the regulation of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.

I constructed a best estimate phylogeny based on congruence of multiple data sources. In recent years molecular data has been used both to construct phylogenies of taxonomic groups and to aid in the delimitation of new species. I generated and analyzed sequence data for forest spiny pocket mice (Genus Heteromys) for the mitochondrial gene cyt b (1143 bp) and two nuclear gene segments MYH2 (252 bp) and EN2 (189 bp). I used maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses to infer relationships among species and to provide a framework for using a species delimitation method to investigate the possibility of multiple species within the widespread Heteromys desmarestianus. I found several well-supported lineages within the H.desmarestianus complex, including H. goldmani and H. oresterus. Incorporating karyotype and allozyme data from earlier studies, I found sufficient supporting evidence to justify maintaining H. goldmani and H. oresterus as species as well as identifying four lineages as candidate species. I present a revised taxonomic arrangement within the genus; the subgenus Heteromys should be divided into three species groups: anomalus (H. anomalus and H. australis), gaumeri (H. gaumeri), and desmarestianus (H. desmarestianus, H. goldmani, H. oresterus, and the four candidate species).

This study was initiated to investigate the distribution patterns of two species of pocket gophers, Thomomys umbrinus albicaudatus Hall and T. talpoides wasatchensis Durrant whose ranges come together in the Hobble Creek area, Utah. The effect of certain ecological factors upon their distribution was determined. The ecological factors included: vegetation and land use, soil, moisture and exposure, hybridization and interspecific competition. From morphological examination no interbreeding was detected even though the breeding seasons of the two species correspond. A limited area was found where the ranges of the two species are in contact. A lack of available moisture was determined to be a major factor inhibiting the distribution or talpoides in non-irrigated soils. Umbrinus is very versatile toward moisture and does not appear to be affected. Both species show a preference for sandy or gravelly-loam soils. Interspecific competition apparently inhibits the distribution of both species where the ranges come together. It is supposed that where only one species occurs that ranges will continue to be extended with talpoides being limited to the more moist areas. The other ecological factors are of no apparent significance to the distribution of either species except as they relate to the amount of available moisture.

The purpose of this study was to compare the morphology of the hind limb of the pocket gopher with that of the kangaroo rat and to determine their differences. This was accomplished by first, obtaining the specimens; second, preparation of the specimens for preservation and dissection; third, photographing and tracing the muscles; fourth, noting the origin and insertion of each muscle and their general morphology; and fifth, preparation and photographing of the bones. Comparative volumetric measurements were made of the muscles of the two animals to determine the differences between them. These two families, Geomyidae and Heteromyidae, are closely related but show great morphological differences which are adaptive due to their different environments and habits. The volumetric measurements of the two animals showed the shank of the kangaroo rat to be twice the size of that of the pocket gopher. The muscles used by the kangaroo rat in jumping are longer and larger as indicated by the volumetric displacement and linear measurements. Also, linear measurements were made of the various muscles and bones, These measurements also showed the variation in lenth and width, with those muscles of the kangaroo rat baing longer and wider. In the study of the bones, the general outlines of the two forms were vastly different. The location of tuberosities, size of the tuberosities for muscle attachment, bone length and width made up these differences. Origins, insertion, actions and description of the muscles are given for each animal.

No description available.