Didelis energijos suvartojimas yra labai svarbi detalė sistemoms, naudojančioms baterijas: nešiojami kompiuteriai, delninukai, mobilieji telefonai ir t.t. Pradėjus naudoti objektiškai orientuotas sistemas, buvo susirūpinta energijos taupymu. Todėl išsiaiškinus, kokią įtaką daro objektiškai orientuotos sistemos baterijos gyvavimo ciklui, galima būtų padėti programuotojams kurti tokias programas, kurios vartoja mažiau energijos. Darbe sukuriau programą, kuri sodina bateriją. Programoje naudojamos išretintos matricos. Pasinaudojus išretintų matricų saugojimo pagal eilutes metodu, kuris leidžia sumažinti matricos formatą, išmetant nulinius elementus, galime stebėti, kaip keičiasi sistemos resursų sunaudojimas, keičiant pradinėje matricoje nulinių elementų skaičių. Atlikę daugybą, galime įvertitni, kiek energijos suvartojo optimizuotas programos kodas ir neoptimizuotas. Atlikus eksperimentą, rezultatai parodė, jog optimizuotas kodas žymiai mažiau nusodina bateriją nei neoptimizuotas. To pasekoje galime daryti išvada, kad sistemos, kuriose yra optimizuotos programos, veiks ilgiau nei sistemos su neoptimizuotu kodu. / Low power consumption is a major constraint for battery-powered system like computer notebook or pocket PC, mobile phone. In the past, specialists usually designed both specific optimized equipments and codes to relief this concern. Doing like this could work for quite a long time, however, in this era, there is another significant restraint, the time to market. To be able to serve along the power constraint while can launch products in shorter production period, objectoriented programming (OOP) has stepped in to this field. In work we create program, whose multiply sparse matrix. Multiplication are two types: one we use standart matrix multiplication, other use compresed matrix storage by rows multiplication. When execute program, we can track, how battery power are consumpt. When we use compresed matrix storage by rows multiplication, we eliminate zero elements and multiplication execute faster, then standart matrix multiplication. So baterry power comsumption are lower. If your system are very important battery life time, then you must use optimized programm code. Optimized programm code use less battery power, then not optimized. Then your system can work much longer.

Background: In 2007, Saskatchewan’s Ministry of Health launched the Seniors’ Drug Plan (SDP), whereby provincial beneficiaries at or above the age of 65 receive medications at a maximum self-payment of $15. The purpose of this study was to document the impact of the SDP using provincial health-administrative databases. Methods: Aggregate medication utilization and costs were described using the prescription drug database starting two years before the implementation of the SDP and continuing for two years after. Interrupted time series analysis using segmented regression models were developed to test the impact of the SDP. Also, the probability of achieving optimal medication adherence was examined among cohorts receiving medications after SDP implementation versus similar patients receiving medications before the SDP and also a group of patients <65 years who were not eligible for the SDP at all. The impact of the SDP on the outcome of optimal adherence was estimated using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: Monthly government spending on medications increased by 47.5% following implementation of the SDP, while total medication dispensations only increased by 5.8%. The SDP was associated with more dispensations per month among prevalent users (+5.4%, 95% CI: 1.3% to 9.5%) but not incident users who did not receive the study medication in the previous 365 days (+1.3%, 95% CI: -8.0% to 10.7%). Similarly, the SDP did not appear to impact the use of blood-glucose-lowering agents, (-0.5%, 95% CI: -6.2% to 5.2%). A small but significant increase in the odds of optimal medication adherence was observed after the SDP compared with before (OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.11). However, the impact was only observed in prevalent users (OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12), but not incident users (OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.13). Also, the impact of the SDP on medication adherence was not consistent for all medication classes examined. Discussion: In summary, the SDP resulted in substantially higher government investment into drug costs without a major effect on medication utilization and adherence. However, cost reduction for seniors must have provided substantial relief independent of the impact on adherence and utilization.

Many researches have shown that urban parks can enhance the quality of life, which is a key factor of building a sustainable city. Hong Kong, as one of the most densely populated financial city in the world, has severely low urban park density. Instead, a large number of small public urban open spaces (SPUOS) are scattered within the city fabrics. This paper therefore aims to study the design and functions of these SPUOS. It is also hoped that find out whether a network of connected small open spaces can compensate for a large urban park. After reviewing the history of urban parks in Hong Kong. It is believed that the multitude of SPUOS is the result of poor urban planning and imperfect urban renewal schemes during the early occupation by the British Government. These SPUOS are usually around 1000 to 1500 m2 large in size and can be abundantly found along adjacent streets. For the design of the SPUOS, benches are usually the only facility installed and the vegetation is of poor quality. The connectivity of SPUOS located within the study area in the Yau Tsim Mong District is investigated with the use of graph theory and connectivity indices. The result has shown that these SPUOS in the study area have a high degree of connectivity. They are further compared with a larger urban park located nearby. Based on the comparisons and other prior researches, a conclusion has been drawn that size of a park is not the major concern of park users but rather its facilities and design. It is believed that a network of connected SPUOS might serve the local community better due to their locations. However, they should not be able to entirely replace large urban parks since they have fewer amenities provided. The SPUOS are found to have rather different functions to the society than what urban parks are commonly expected. Their environment and economic functions are constrained mainly by the poor design and the locations. An interview with the representative of a non-government organization has been made to further understand their social functions. The interviewee believes that SPUOS now mainly act as social hubs and living rooms for senior citizens. This statement is then verified by the result of a prior survey and some other researches. This is due to the combination of aging population structure, exploding population growth, and expanding poverty gap. Lastly, a comparative study has been made on the small public urban green spaces (SPUGS) in Copenhagen. The SPUGS can attract visitors of different age group from other far neighborhoods. Despite than fact that there is cultural difference and citizens from these two cities have different lifestyles, a better design of the pocket park might be the reason of why it becomes an attractive natural meeting point in the central Copenhagen for all age-groups visitors. Based on all the investigations and findings, suggestions have been made to improve the quality of SPUOS in Hong Kong.

In most of the studies, face to face interviews are required with individuals for data collection and hence to apply questionnaires. There are two methods for applying the questionnaire / the paper-based and the electronic method. The paper-based method takes time and is of a high cost to the researchers. Because of writing/reading based errors, this method may cause inaccuracy in collected data. On the contrary, conducting questionnaires in electronic environment procures savings in cost and time, improves data accuracy, gives faster results, and increases efficiency. However, in this method some problems may arise in surveys conducted in urban areas, i.e. problems related to communication and network infrastructure. Nevertheless, advances in Information Technologies provide mobile data collection and computing, and hence they have become a significant place in every part of our life. Many researchers have begun to prefer using these developing technologies in their studies since using mobile devices in conducting health surveys is more useful and economical than the paper-based questionnaires. In this thesis, we have developed a mobile device-based questionnaire, which is an adaptation of the one used by the National Cancer Institute of USA in paper-based form. In other words, in this work the &ldquo / Health Habits and History Questionnaire&rdquo / has been adopted to the pocket PCs. It is planned to be used for an ongoing epidemiological study in &Ccedil / ukurova region. We hope that this study will be an example for the similar studies in the future.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2007. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Thomas W. Otani. Includes bibliographical references (p. 173). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2008. / Adviser: Rebecca A. Hines. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-109).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2005. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 24, 2006). Advisors: Alicia R. Crowe, Shawn Fitzgerald. Keywords: teacher education; mobile computing; handheld computing; social studies education; attitudes. Includes survey instrument. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-128).

O objetivo principal deste estudo é a análise do balanço de sedimentos arenosos na enseada de Balneário Camboriú, localizada no litoral centro-norte do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para alcançar os objetivos deste trabalho a enseada foi compartimentada em células e utilizadas diferentes metodologias que envolveram a análise de diversos parâmetros, tais como: sedimentologia e morfologia da praia e antepraia; estabilidade da praia em planta e perfil; perfil de equilíbrio da enseada; transporte de sedimentos por ondas e correntes e perda de sedimentos para fora da praia através dos banhistas. A praia de Balneário Camboriú é composta de areia fina a muito fina, de composição quartzosa, bem a moderadamente classificados. A distribuição das fácies sedimentares da enseada de Balneário Camboriú demonstra a inexistência de trocas de sedimentos arenosos da praia com a região da antepraia, sendo esta dominada principalmente por sedimentos finos (silte e argila). A estabilidade da praia em planta encontra-se em equilíbrio dinâmico na porção norte e sul da enseada. A morfologia praial em valores de variação de volume e largura demonstrou que os perfis localizados na porção norte, que corresponde a região mais exposta da praia, apresentam maiores variações do que os demais perfis localizados nas porções mais protegidas. Verificou-se um processo de rotação praial entre os perfis, havendo acresção em alguns enquanto ocorre erosão em outros, mostrando uma troca de sedimentos entre eles. O volume de sedimentos ganho pela praia entre 1994 e 2005 foi de aproximadamente 49.000 m3 que foram adicionados artificialmente por uma obra de alimentação executada pela prefeitura municipal. A profundidade de fechamento apresenta um comportamento gradacional, com diminuição dos valores de norte para o sul da enseada, em acordo com os padrões de distribuição do fluxo de energia das ondas e correntes. Os valores definidos para a profundidade de fechamento variam entre 4 m e 1,7 m. Este limite de profundidade é também demonstrado na variação faciológica entre a praia e antepraia. Os cenários de refração, difração de ondas e transporte de sedimentos associado demonstrou que a praia se comporta como uma célula fechada, não havendo troca significativa de sedimentos entre esta e a região de antepraia. Portanto, gerando um balanço arenoso nulo entre estes dois ambientes. Verificou-se, que o volume sedimentar removido da praia pelos banhistas não causou grande impacto no balanço de sedimentos durante o período amostral. Por outro lado, sugere-se que em longo prazo, esta retirada de areia possa representar um déficit mais significativo, da ordem de 970m³. O cálculo do balanço de sedimentos arenosos para a praia e enseada de Balneário Camboriú apresentou um valor negativo de 152 m3/ano. Este valor pode ser considerado mínimo quando comparado ao volume total de sedimentos da praia, e corresponde a metade do valor calculado para a perda anual de sedimentos causadas pelos banhistas Com isso pode-se concluir que a enseada de Balneário Camboriú está em equilíbrio quanto ao balanço sedimentar, sem perdas e ganhos de sedimentos consideráveis. / The overall goal of this study is the sandy sediment budget analysis in the Balneário Camboriú bay, located in central-northern coast of Santa Catarina State. To achieve the objectives of this work the bay was compartments in cells and used different methodologies that involved the analysis of various parameters such as: the beach and bay sedimentology and morphology; planform and profile beach stability; equilibrium beach profile; sediment transport by waves and currents and loss of sediment through the beach users. The Balneário Camboriú beach is composed of the fine and very fine sand, quartz and to moderately classified. The sedimentary facies distribution shows there are no exchanges of sediment from the sandy beach with the bay, dominated mainly by fine-grained sediments (silt and clay). The planform beach stability is in dynamic equilibrium in the north and south beach portion. The beach morphology change in volume and width values showed that the profiles located in the northern portion, more exposed to the beach, have more variations than the other profiles located in portions more protected. There was a process of beach rotation between the profiles, there was accretion in some profiles and erosion in others, showing an exchange of sediment between them. The sediment volume gain the beach between 1994 and 2005 was approximately 49,000 m3 which were artificially added to the beach for nourishment implemented by Municipality. The depth of closure presents a gradational behavior, with declining values of north to the south of the bay, in accordance with the waves and currents flow of energy distribution patterns. The values defined for the depth of closure ranging from 4 m to 1.7 m. This limit of depth is also shown in facies variation between the beach and shoreface. The waves refraction and diffraction scenarios and sediment transport showed that the beach is behaving like a closed cell, with no exchange between beach and shoreface. Therefore, generating a null balance between these two sandy environments. It was found that the sediment volume removed by users beach causes no major impact on the coastal sediment sampling during the period (summer 2003/2004). Moreover, it is suggested that a long-term Balneário Camboriú, the sand removal could present a more significant deficit in the coastal sediment, as this beach is mostly populated flow in twenty years where the sediment volume would be withdrawn from 970m³ . The beach and shoreface Balneário Camboriú sandy sediment balance calculation presented a negative value of 152 m3/year. This quantities can be considered minimal when compared to the total sediment volume from the beach. The estimated value is half the value calculated for the loss of sediment removed by users. This can be concluded that the inlet of Balneário Camboriú bay is totally balanced on the sediment, with no considerable sediment losses and gains.

O objetivo principal deste estudo é a análise do balanço de sedimentos arenosos na enseada de Balneário Camboriú, localizada no litoral centro-norte do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para alcançar os objetivos deste trabalho a enseada foi compartimentada em células e utilizadas diferentes metodologias que envolveram a análise de diversos parâmetros, tais como: sedimentologia e morfologia da praia e antepraia; estabilidade da praia em planta e perfil; perfil de equilíbrio da enseada; transporte de sedimentos por ondas e correntes e perda de sedimentos para fora da praia através dos banhistas. A praia de Balneário Camboriú é composta de areia fina a muito fina, de composição quartzosa, bem a moderadamente classificados. A distribuição das fácies sedimentares da enseada de Balneário Camboriú demonstra a inexistência de trocas de sedimentos arenosos da praia com a região da antepraia, sendo esta dominada principalmente por sedimentos finos (silte e argila). A estabilidade da praia em planta encontra-se em equilíbrio dinâmico na porção norte e sul da enseada. A morfologia praial em valores de variação de volume e largura demonstrou que os perfis localizados na porção norte, que corresponde a região mais exposta da praia, apresentam maiores variações do que os demais perfis localizados nas porções mais protegidas. Verificou-se um processo de rotação praial entre os perfis, havendo acresção em alguns enquanto ocorre erosão em outros, mostrando uma troca de sedimentos entre eles. O volume de sedimentos ganho pela praia entre 1994 e 2005 foi de aproximadamente 49.000 m3 que foram adicionados artificialmente por uma obra de alimentação executada pela prefeitura municipal. A profundidade de fechamento apresenta um comportamento gradacional, com diminuição dos valores de norte para o sul da enseada, em acordo com os padrões de distribuição do fluxo de energia das ondas e correntes. Os valores definidos para a profundidade de fechamento variam entre 4 m e 1,7 m. Este limite de profundidade é também demonstrado na variação faciológica entre a praia e antepraia. Os cenários de refração, difração de ondas e transporte de sedimentos associado demonstrou que a praia se comporta como uma célula fechada, não havendo troca significativa de sedimentos entre esta e a região de antepraia. Portanto, gerando um balanço arenoso nulo entre estes dois ambientes. Verificou-se, que o volume sedimentar removido da praia pelos banhistas não causou grande impacto no balanço de sedimentos durante o período amostral. Por outro lado, sugere-se que em longo prazo, esta retirada de areia possa representar um déficit mais significativo, da ordem de 970m³. O cálculo do balanço de sedimentos arenosos para a praia e enseada de Balneário Camboriú apresentou um valor negativo de 152 m3/ano. Este valor pode ser considerado mínimo quando comparado ao volume total de sedimentos da praia, e corresponde a metade do valor calculado para a perda anual de sedimentos causadas pelos banhistas Com isso pode-se concluir que a enseada de Balneário Camboriú está em equilíbrio quanto ao balanço sedimentar, sem perdas e ganhos de sedimentos consideráveis. / The overall goal of this study is the sandy sediment budget analysis in the Balneário Camboriú bay, located in central-northern coast of Santa Catarina State. To achieve the objectives of this work the bay was compartments in cells and used different methodologies that involved the analysis of various parameters such as: the beach and bay sedimentology and morphology; planform and profile beach stability; equilibrium beach profile; sediment transport by waves and currents and loss of sediment through the beach users. The Balneário Camboriú beach is composed of the fine and very fine sand, quartz and to moderately classified. The sedimentary facies distribution shows there are no exchanges of sediment from the sandy beach with the bay, dominated mainly by fine-grained sediments (silt and clay). The planform beach stability is in dynamic equilibrium in the north and south beach portion. The beach morphology change in volume and width values showed that the profiles located in the northern portion, more exposed to the beach, have more variations than the other profiles located in portions more protected. There was a process of beach rotation between the profiles, there was accretion in some profiles and erosion in others, showing an exchange of sediment between them. The sediment volume gain the beach between 1994 and 2005 was approximately 49,000 m3 which were artificially added to the beach for nourishment implemented by Municipality. The depth of closure presents a gradational behavior, with declining values of north to the south of the bay, in accordance with the waves and currents flow of energy distribution patterns. The values defined for the depth of closure ranging from 4 m to 1.7 m. This limit of depth is also shown in facies variation between the beach and shoreface. The waves refraction and diffraction scenarios and sediment transport showed that the beach is behaving like a closed cell, with no exchange between beach and shoreface. Therefore, generating a null balance between these two sandy environments. It was found that the sediment volume removed by users beach causes no major impact on the coastal sediment sampling during the period (summer 2003/2004). Moreover, it is suggested that a long-term Balneário Camboriú, the sand removal could present a more significant deficit in the coastal sediment, as this beach is mostly populated flow in twenty years where the sediment volume would be withdrawn from 970m³ . The beach and shoreface Balneário Camboriú sandy sediment balance calculation presented a negative value of 152 m3/year. This quantities can be considered minimal when compared to the total sediment volume from the beach. The estimated value is half the value calculated for the loss of sediment removed by users. This can be concluded that the inlet of Balneário Camboriú bay is totally balanced on the sediment, with no considerable sediment losses and gains.