The forecast of the next upcoming years estimates a growth of demand in transport. As the railway sector in Europe has developed over many years, the infrastructure presents performance issues because of, among other factors, asset maintenance activities being difficult and time consuming. There are currently 4000 railway bridges in Sweden managed by Trafikverket which are submitted to inspections at least every six years. The most common survey is done visually to determine the physical and functional condition of the bridges as well as finding damages that may exist on them. Because visual inspection is a subjective evaluation technique, the results of these bridge inspections may vary from inspector to inspector. The data collection is time consuming and written in standard inspection reports which may not provide sufficient visualization of damages. The inspector also needs to move around the bridge at close distance which could lead to unsafe working conditions. 3D modelling technology is becoming more and more common. Methods such as Close Ranged Photogrammetry (CRP) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) are starting to be used for architecture and heritage preservation as well as engineering applications. Infrared (IR) scanning is also showing potential in creating 3D models but has yet not been used for structural analysis and inspections. A result from these methods is a point cloud, a 3D representation of a model in points that can be used for creating as-built Building Information Modeling (BIM)-models. In this study, the authors put these three methods to test to see if IR scanning and CRP are suitable ways, such as TLS is, to gather data for 3D-reconstruction of concrete railway bridges in fast, safe and non-disturbing ways. For this, the three technologies are performed on six bridges chosen by Trafikverket. The further aim is to determine if the 3D-reconstructions can be used for acquiring BIM-information to, among other things, create as-built drawings and to perform structural evaluations. As a result from the study, IR scanning and CRP show great potential as well as TLS in 3D-reconstruction of concrete railway bridges in fast, safe and non-disturbing ways. Still, there is a need of development regarding the technologies before we can start to rely on them completely.

[pt] Esta dissertação faz um estudo sobre a geração de efeitos visuais (VFX) a partir da captura de objetos em movimento como nuvens muito densas de pontos utilizando múltiplas câmeras RGB-D de baixo custo. Para este estudo, são utilizados um software comercial para renderização de partículas e alguns módulos já desenvolvidos pelo Departamento de P&D em VFX da TV Globo em parceria com o laboratório ICAD/VisionLab para a captura simultânea de múltiplas câmeras MS Kinect. No pipeline de produção proposto, um servidor sincroniza os disparos das várias câmeras, unifica as nuvens e gera um arquivo em formato padrão (PRP ou PLY). Este arquivo é, então, utilizado para a renderização de partículas volumétricas com adição de efeitos visuais utilizando o software Krakatoa MX para o 3DS Max. O objetivo é filmar cenas de maneira que o diretor possa posteriormente definir as cenas finais com qualquer trajetória de câmera e adicionar efeitos visuais. / [en] This dissertation is an investigation on the generation of visual effects (VFX) from the capture of moving objects as very dense point clouds using multiple low-cost RGB-D cameras. For this investigation, we use a commercial software for particle rendering and some modules already developed by the Department of VFX R&D of TV Globo in partnership with ICAD/VisionLab laboratory for the simultaneous capture of multiple MS Kinect cameras. In the proposed production pipeline, a server synchronizes the shooting of multiple cameras, unifies the clouds and generates a file in standard format (PRP or PLY). This file is then used for volumetric particle rendering with added visual effects using the Krakatoa MX software for 3DS Max. The goal is to shoot scenes in such a way that the film director can later define the final scenes with any camera path and adding visual effects.

This diploma thesis deals with the design of a 3D optical scanner using the structured light projection method. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the principles and processes of 3D scanning by using the DLP LightCrafter projector and the ImagingSource camera. The individual stages of the measurement process will be implemented to the Matlab software environment to describe the various principles and methods which can be used for digitizing the objects.

This work's aim is movement detection in the environment of a robot, that may move itself. A 2D occupancy grid representation is used, containing only the currently visible environment, without filtering in time. Motion detection is based on a grid-based particle filter introduced by Tanzmeister et al. in Grid-based Mapping and Tracking in Dynamic Environments using a Uniform Evidential Environment Representation. The system was implemented in the Robot Operating System, which allows for re-use of modules which the solution is composed of. The KITTI Visual Odometry dataset was chosen as a source~of LiDAR data for experiments, along with ground-truth pose information. Ground segmentation based on Loopy Belief Propagation was used to filter the point clouds. The implemeted motion detector is able to distiguish between static and dynamic vehicles in this dataset. Further tests in a simulated environment have shown some shortcomings in the detection of large continuous moving objects.

This diploma thesis deals with the classification of the point clouds taken by different carrier and with various density. The terrain model and building models were created from provided data sets. Also the software equipment is described. Achieved outcomes of elaboration are presented in each corresponding chapter. In conclusion, the overall evaluation and assessment of the results of processing is done.

Diploma thesis deals with vectorisation above point cloud, created by diferent techniques. Vektoriztion purpose as a base for comparison to actual condition in terrain gain by terrain measurement and DKM.

The aim of the thesis is measuring a part of a Svratka’s meander by the means of the FARO focus 3D X 130 scanner and a total station. Another part of the thesis is creating 3D models from individual methods and their comparison. The acquired data is processed in the SCENE, Microstaion Power Draft V8 and Atlas DMT programmes. The accuracies of the scan registrations and the resulting differences among individual methods are evaluated.

The thesis focuses on creating point cloud and mesh model of chosen intersections and their applications in forensic-engineering praxis. In the first part, we describe a workflow for creating point cloud and mesh model of intersection by digital photogrammetry. In the second part, we applied these at chosen intersections. Which leads us to the comparison of three digital photogrammetric programs which we used to make point clouds and mesh models. At the end of thesis, we use our mesh models in forensic-engineering praxis and we decide about barriers in sign conditions at intersections.

Subjeck of this diploma thesis is to familiarize with BIM and using laser scanning for creating BIM model.

This thesis deals with the creation of a BIM model using laser scanning. In the first part of the thesis, basic information about building information modeling (BIM) is described. The next section describes the process of creating a BIM model, from data acquisition to modeling or a particular building. The model was created in Revit.