This Ph.D. thesis provides an analysis of "ordered statements" in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police ("R.C.M.P."). Statements can be compelled from R.C.M.P. members who are under "internal" investigation for misconduct. Ordered statements from police officers raise a number of difficult and complex questions that have not been thoroughly examined in Canada. Accountability in policing consists of a complex web of criminal, internal, administrative, public, and civil mechanisms to review misconduct. In order to properly consider ordered statements four threads of analysis are utilized. First, by way of background, context and comparison, this thesis describes and evaluates internal management, culture and discipline in policing, in particular the R.C.M.P. Second, this thesis examines and evaluates the role of various external mechanisms that regulate police conduct. Third, various models of civilian oversight are compared and contrasted to position the R.C.M.P. regime internationally. Fourth, the working environment of police officers and R.C.M.P. members is explored, demonstrating that it is significantly different from other occupations, calling into question the applicability of traditional management practices. The thesis concludes that the legal and constitutional position of ordered statements is uncertain, adding to morale and organizational problems in the R.C.M.P. Based on interviews with 107 members, and an examination of other sources, this thesis reveals how ordered statements in the R.C.M.P. work in actual practice, and how this mechanism impacts upon individual members and the organization itself. The results reveal marked disparity between official and member accounts. The material and findings not only challenge basic theoretical premises that inform the employment context of R.C.M.P. members, they seriously question the function of and need for ordered statements. They also establish that the specific employment and organizational context must be more adequately considered by academics and policy-makers when examining the issue of ordered statements. These findings fill gaps in the literature and hopefully contribute to theory on police accountability. The thesis ends with a number of recommendations to improve the current R.C.M.P. regime.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaCMS_DISSERT.pdf: 3283004 bytes, checksum: c49600980a68a54b94dc4c72f5556c03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Ao longo da hist?ria brasileira, o emprego das for?as coercitivas governamentais tem gerado, em certos aspectos, um profundo distanciamento entre a Pol?cia Militar e a sociedade. Pois, durante s?culos, a a??es policiais t?m evidenciado os interesses governamentais, desprezando-se a propicia??o do bem estar social e do interesse p?blico. Todavia, recentemente, com a abertura democr?tica brasileira e uma busca crescente pela fortifica??o dos direitos dos cidad?os, ares de renova??o come?am a atingir o trabalho policial militar e, consequentemente, os paradigmas que regem o processo formativo desses profissionais. Assim, este trabalho se volta ? an?lise da crise de sentido enfrentada pelos policiais militares em forma??o, diante do choque das culturas da ordem, ao confrontarem o militarismo tradicionalista e autorit?rio e as atuais exig?ncias sociais acerca de uma atua??o profissional mais humanizada. Diante da complexidade desse tema, julgou-se pertinente a utiliza??o, n?o apenas de um vasto arcabou?o te?rico, mas, tamb?m se buscou subs?dios em uma extensa pesquisa de campo, a qual forneceu um precioso arsenal de informa??es qualitativas, colhidas das percep??es dos cadetes. Como resultado deste estudo teve-se a comprova??o da hip?tese levantada, concluindo-se que os oficiais policiais militares em forma??o na Para?ba t?m dificuldade em lidar com o momento de transi??o social, marcado pela busca da consolida??o da democracia, pelo qual atravessa o pa?s. Com base no que foi averiguado, chegou-se ao entendimento que esses policiais militares ainda t?m bastante presente, no seu processo ensino-aprendizagem, a dial?tica existente entre um militarismo tradicionalista e autorit?rio, fortemente arraigado, e as atuais exig?ncias sociais acerca de uma atua??o profissional democr?tica, ?tica e humanizada

This Ph.D. thesis provides an analysis of "ordered statements" in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police ("R.C.M.P."). Statements can be compelled from R.C.M.P. members who are under "internal" investigation for misconduct. Ordered statements from police officers raise a number of difficult and complex questions that have not been thoroughly examined in Canada. Accountability in policing consists of a complex web of criminal, internal, administrative, public, and civil mechanisms to review misconduct. In order to properly consider ordered statements four threads of analysis are utilized. First, by way of background, context and comparison, this thesis describes and evaluates internal management, culture and discipline in policing, in particular the R.C.M.P. Second, this thesis examines and evaluates the role of various external mechanisms that regulate police conduct. Third, various models of civilian oversight are compared and contrasted to position the R.C.M.P. regime internationally. Fourth, the working environment of police officers and R.C.M.P. members is explored, demonstrating that it is significantly different from other occupations, calling into question the applicability of traditional management practices. The thesis concludes that the legal and constitutional position of ordered statements is uncertain, adding to morale and organizational problems in the R.C.M.P. Based on interviews with 107 members, and an examination of other sources, this thesis reveals how ordered statements in the R.C.M.P. work in actual practice, and how this mechanism impacts upon individual members and the organization itself. The results reveal marked disparity between official and member accounts. The material and findings not only challenge basic theoretical premises that inform the employment context of R.C.M.P. members, they seriously question the function of and need for ordered statements. They also establish that the specific employment and organizational context must be more adequately considered by academics and policy-makers when examining the issue of ordered statements. These findings fill gaps in the literature and hopefully contribute to theory on police accountability. The thesis ends with a number of recommendations to improve the current R.C.M.P. regime. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate

危機不是單一的獨立社會事件，危機管理的邏輯觀念也非單純的「危機發生--危機計畫--危機處理--危機結束」直線過程。相反的，在社會的現實面，危機管理的思考面向是非常多元、跨層面的。當社會危機事件發生後，管理者除了必須解決危機本身的問題外，還必須因應來自媒體、國會、民眾、壓力團體、監察或司法機關等對危機的關切，同時管理者還要兼顧機關首長個人理念、意志貫徹等因素，種種的壓力與要求均凸顯出危機所牽涉的複雜層面。 警察是維護社會治安極為重要的角色，但往往因為發生風紀案件，讓多數辛勤犧牲奉獻的同仁蒙羞，也嚴重傷害警察尊嚴，不論破獲再多的刑案或從事更多為民服務，都難以獲得民眾的諒解和信賴。 本研究發現風紀問題是嚴重的警政危機，層出不窮的警察違法犯紀事件，知法犯法的行為，不只是一再斲喪警察團體的形象與全體警察的尊嚴，更是破壞民眾對政府的公信力，而且影響深遠，此種「紀律危機」已屬第一級的危機，嚴重影響組織的生存發展，應列為最優先處理解決的危機問題。 本研究建議： 一、現階段應發揮現有風紀內控機制功能：建立危機管理專責組織，並掛牌運作，以增強危機管理形式上與實質上的功能；整合社會保防情報反應系統與勤務社區化策略，使危機監測外控機制更強化。 二、日後則應催生各級警察組織普設政風室，希冀由未具警察身分政風人員，本於更客觀超然立場，益收肅貪防弊功效。 三、未來則以全民拼治安的理念推動各級政府成立全民治安申訴調查委員會，使民眾因參與而產生警民同夥關係的歸屬感，降低緊張關係，形成互信，進一步創造出警民互動的良性循環，建立警察風紀危機的外控體制。