Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T18:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Poliana.pdf: 2132604 bytes, checksum: bba61aa09bb00155b6554a9e9f858142 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This paper resulted from research on the police news on television that investigated the potential for communicability of this kind of programming from the aesthetic experience and the production of meanings derived from this experience. We seek to understand the sensitive dimension present in police news in terms of communicative processes / interactive set / designed by them. Therefore, our exercise will outline the specifics of aesthetic experience that can be performed on the interaction of viewers with the news police. The empirical reference of the research program was the Flag 2, aired 21 years ago on TV Difusora, police news oldest of Maranhão. By exploring murders, thefts, murders, police operations, lynching, this news is a program whose main attractions are content linked to violence, but always framed in the context of crime. We take for theoretical considerations of Dewey (1980), Jauss (1979), Iser (1999), Grumbrecht (2010) and Seel (1993). / Esta dissertação resultada de pesquisa sobre os noticiários policiais da televisão que investigou o potencial de comunicabilidade deste tipo de programação a partir da experiência estética e da produção de sentidos oriunda dessa experiência. Buscamos compreender a dimensão sensível presente nos noticiários policiais em termos de processos comunicativos/interativos instituídos/projetados por eles. Para tanto, nosso exercício será delinear as especificidades da experiência estética que pode se realizar na interação dos telespectadores com os noticiários policiais. O referencial empírico da pesquisa foi o programa Bandeira 2, exibido há 21 anos na TV Difusora, noticiário policial mais antigo do Estado do Maranhão. Por explorar assassinatos, roubos, mortes, operações da polícia, linchamento, este noticiário é um programa cujos principais atrativos são conteúdos ligados à violência, mas sempre enquadrados no âmbito da criminalidade. Tomamos por aporte teórico as considerações de Dewey (1980), Jauss (1979), Iser (1999), Grumbrecht (2010) e Seel (1993). Palavras-chave: Experiência estética. Produção de sentidos.

[pt] Partindo da noção amplamente aceita hoje de que o espectador é uma parte ativa no processo comunicacional (embora a relação entre uma mídia oligopolizada e seu público seja assimétrica), esta pesquisa tem como principal questionamento as razões da cumplicidade e do conluio da audiência com os discursos excludentes e violentos proferidos em telejornais policiais vespertinos. Estudamos, assim, a mediação do programa Brasil Urgente por um período prolongado, de 2003 a 2020, de forma a apreender continuidades e rupturas no discurso como partes de um processo de circulação de significados, que diz da conexão entre o produto televisivo e a sociedade que o cerca. A tese passa por uma investigação do gênero televisivo e suas matrizes culturais, em busca das tradições mantidas ou rompidas pelo programa; uma reflexão acerca da violência institucional, para compreender as origens dos discursos de violência defendidos em Brasil Urgente; e um exame das relações entre política e narrativa, de forma a entender a razão populista dos discursos, o papel da classe social na categorização dos indivíduos retratados e os critérios de verdade que sustentam os posicionamentos do programa e do apresentador – figura central no telejornal policial vespertino. A pesquisa desenvolve uma metodologia materialista de análise de discurso, que o coloca em perspectiva histórica, observa as disputas de poder e a interpelação do espectador pelo programa. Esta metodologia, somada ao uso do gênero televisivo como operador analítico, visa apreender, para além do texto, as relações sociais que ele propõe e estabelece. / [en] Starting from the widely accepted notion today that the spectator is an active part in the communication process (although the relationship between an oligopolistic media and its audience is asymmetric), this research has, as main question, the reasons for the complicity and collusion of the audience with the exclusionary and violent discourses uttered in afternoon police news. Thus, we studied the mediation of Brasil Urgente for an extended period, from 2003 to 2020, in order to apprehend continuities and ruptures in the discourse as parts of a process of circulation of meanings, which speaks of the connection between the television product and society. The thesis goes through an investigation of the television genre and its cultural matrices, in search of traditions maintained or broken by the program; a reflection on institutional violence, to understand the origins of the discourses of violence defended in Brasil Urgente; and an examination of the relations between politics and narrative, in order to understand the populist reason of the speeches, the role of social class in the categorization of the individuals portrayed and the criteria of truth that support the positions of the program and the presenter - central figure in the afternoon police news. The research develops a materialist methodology of discourse analysis, which places it in historical perspective, observes the power struggles and the viewer s interpellation by the program. This methodology, added to the use of the television genre as an analytical operator, aims to apprehend, beyond the text, the social relations that it proposes and establishes.

在日本的殖民統治下，殖民地台灣是如何認識朝鮮？無法直接交流的台灣與朝鮮，兩地的互動必須透過日本帝國，迂迴地被納入殖民母國的一部份。透過傳播媒體，片段、拼圖式的朝鮮消息，讓台灣讀者可以試圖拼湊他們的朝鮮認識，進而想像朝鮮。以日治時期殖民地台灣的代表媒體《臺灣日日新報》、《臺灣民報》系列、《臺灣出版警察報》作為檢索對象，對台灣媒體上的朝鮮報導進行統計與分析。透過當時的新聞，呈現殖民地台灣人可以接觸與不能接觸的朝鮮消息，進而討論他們對另外一方的好奇與關心，最後整理朝鮮認識是如何形成，以及其後生成怎樣的想像。 本論文從殖民地台灣的媒體出發，還原日治時期在殖民地台灣閱讀的朝鮮消息，了解當時讀者大眾如何透過新聞媒體認識另一殖民地朝鮮。當時發行量最大的《臺灣日日新報》與為台灣人發聲的《臺灣民報》系列基於各自的立場選取想要報導的「朝鮮」，讀者從中建構朝鮮認識與朝鮮想像，並經由官方文書《臺灣出版警察報》呈現新聞傳播過程中，台灣總督府/日本帝國對敏感消息的處理，盡可能防止敏感危險的朝鮮消息進入殖民地台灣。即便統治者介入，媒體透過編碼加密的報導方式，「朝鮮」仍可以曲折地登上報紙版面。在媒體與官方，可見與不可見的朝鮮消息之間，朝鮮表象於焉生成。 / How did Taiwan come to understand Korea under Japanese rule? Under the colonial system, Taiwan and Korea could not interact with each other directly, they had to interact through the Empire of Japan. Taiwanese readers constructed their understanding of Korea through fragmental and trivial news from the media. The essay used the representative media in Taiwan under Japanese rule – Taiwan Daily News, the series of The Taiwan Minpao and Taiwan Publishing Police News—as the main source to gather statistics on and to analyze Korean news. It displays the process through which a concerned and curious Taiwan drew its own image of Korea by what they could and could not read. From Taiwan’s media, this essay is about the distribution of Korean news under Japanese rule, portraying how the readers came to understand Korea. Taiwan Daily News – the most massive circulation newspaper in Taiwan—and the series of The Taiwan Minpao— stood for the people of Taiwan —from different perspectives by choosing the proper “Korea” pieces that they wanted to report, and through the official document Taiwan Publishing Police News presented how the government/the Empire prevented the dangerous news from spreading. Although the colonial government strictly censored the publications, the media encoded the news, so that “Korea” could be reported in discreet ways. The representations of Korea then emerged between the media and the government in visible and invisible Korea news.

本研究是國內第一個以「警政負面新聞」為主題的研究，希望藉由第三人效果的認知假設，探討警政負面新聞的影響。除了探討警察人員對警政負面新聞是否存在所謂的第三人效果之外；並分別從人口變項、議題涉入感、社會距離、職業認同感等變項，探究對警政負面新聞的認知影響，同時也進一步就行為層面上的關係加以剖析。 本研究以服務於全國二十三縣市警察局之現職警察為目標，採用問卷調查法為主，回收並取得八百四十六份有效問卷。資料分析顯示，警政負面新聞對警察人員產生第一人和第三人的效果，受訪警察認為警政負面新聞對於自己的影響大於一般警察，即呈現了所謂的第一人效果；同時又普遍認為警政負面新聞對於一般民眾會產生更大的負面影響，呈現非常明顯的第三人效果。就社會距離而言，警政負面新聞對於一般警察和一般民眾的影響，會隨著與受訪者之間的距離增加而增加。這種社會距離的形成，肇因於不同團體之間的異質性和不確定感。 對於警政議題涉入感方面，研究證實受訪者對警政新聞議題涉入愈高者，普遍認為對自己、一般警察、一般民眾愈會造成負面影響。本研究同時發現警察的職業認同感維持在中度以上，結果顯示職業認同感可以正面預測「對自己的影響」、「對一般警察的影響」、「對一般民眾的影響」三者，即警察的職業認同感愈高，愈傾向認為警政負面新聞的負面影響愈大。受訪者認為警政負面新聞的影響愈大，愈傾向支持媒介限制行動。總的來說，警政負面新聞「對自己的影響」、「對一般警察的影響」、「對一般民眾的影響」等變項，均是預測支持警政機關採取媒介限制行為的顯著變項。 / This thesis is the first study in Taiwan focusing on “negative police news”, attempting to apply the third person effect theory to study the possible impact of negative news coverage of police. This research furthermore investigates several variables, including demographic variables, issue involvement, social distance, and professional identification, and their influence on the perception of negative police news. A relationship of exposure of negative news and support of media regulation is analyzed at the same time. A survey of 846 incumbent officers from twenty-three metropolitan police agencies in Taiwan was conducted. Results show that negative news coverage of police has both first and third person effects on police officers. Officers consider that effects of negative police news have stronger impact on themselves than on other officers. They generally consider that negative police news has more negative influence on the general public. From a viewpoint of social distance, an attitude formed through heterogeneity and uncertainty among different social groups, this study found that effects of exposure to negative police news upon perception of the effect on other officers were more limited than on the general public. From the aspect of issue involvement, the more the officers were involved in negative news issues, the more they consider negative police news has negative effects upon themselves, other officers and the general public. This study also concluded that the higher the professional identification a police officer held, the more she/he tended to consider that negative police news had a stronger impact. We also found that there was a tendency that police officers were more likely to support media regulation. Effects upon oneself, effects upon other police officers, and effects upon the general public of negative news coverage of police, were all variables significantly predicting the support of media regulation.