Central banks use a series of relatively small interest rate changes in adjusting their monetary policy stance. This persistence in interest rate changes is well documented by empirical monetary policy reaction functions that feature a large estimated coefficient for the lagged interest rate. The two hypotheses that explain the size of this large estimated coefficient are monetary policy inertia and serially correlated macro shocks. In the first part of my dissertation, I show that the effect of inertia on the Federal Reserve’s monthly funds rate adjustment is only moderate, and smaller than suggested by previous studies. In the second part, I present evidence that the temporal aggregation of interest rates puts an upward bias on the size of the estimated coefficient for the lagged interest rate. The third part of my dissertation is inspired by recent developments in the housing market and the resulting effect on the overall economy. In this third essay, we show that high loan-to-value mortgage borrowing reduces the effectiveness of monetary policy.

This qualitative study delves into the intricate relationship between gender equality policies and work-life balance in the Swedish professional landscape. Thematic analysis of narratives from four respondents reveals insights into "Perception of Gender Equality Policies," "Key Challenges in Balancing Career and Family Responsibilities," and "Organizational Practices and Cultures." Aligned with Herzberg's Balance Theory and Feminist Theory, the findings highlight the positive impact of gender equality policies, fostering inclusivity and challenging norms. Challenges persist, including gender role conformity, family prioritization stigma, and glass ceilings for women. Organizational culture and leadership play pivotal roles, with resistance varying across departments. The study extends discourse on policy effectiveness to Sweden, emphasizing nuanced considerations in the evolving work landscape. Resonating with prior research, it underscores the necessity of future studies on individual experiences, evolving work paradigms, and intersectionality to enhance gender equality policy implications. A vital step in understanding Swedish work dynamics, this research offers insights for policymakers, organizations, and scholars, aiming to inform policy improvements for a more equitable work environment.