xii, 114 p. : ill. / The banking sector has been extensively analyzed in economics. On the microeconomic side, research has advanced our understanding of banks and the inverse relationship between market power and bank production. The macroeconomic side of research has focused on the transmission of monetary policy, and it is understood that the financial system, including banks, plays an integral role in transmitting monetary policy decisions to economic variables such as investment, consumption, and GDP. There is limited understanding, however, about how market power and bank concentration affects the transmission of monetary policy. The main focus of this dissertation is to address this gap in the literature and is achieved by three contributions. First, I develop a theory of banking behavior that accounts for competition and monetary policy. I empirically test the theory and show that banking concentration dampens the impact of monetary policy on lending activity in the short-run. My second contribution involves building a theoretical model with these short-run lending effects incorporated into an endogenous growth model that allows agents, banks, and the central bank to interact. This model shows how short-run lending is tied to growth. Again, monetary policy is less effective in markets with higher concentration. The last contribution is made by empirically testing the second contribution. The empirical findings are consistent with both the first and second contributions; banking markets with less competition adversely affect growth and also diminish the long-run impact of monetary policy. / Committee in charge: Dr. Mark Thoma, Co-Chair; Dr. Wesley Wilson, Co-Chair; Dr. Shankha Chakraborty, Member; Dr. Larry Dann, Outside Member

Abstract This study aims at continuously exploring government procurement policy itself via the views of both constructors and the government officials, based on the Likert-scale questionnaire designed by the author. With cluster sampling, the subjects are 99 officials from the government officials of Kaohsiung city and 44 constructors in the south of Taiwan . The key point is to evaluate the policy impact, in other word is to assess the achievement of policy effectiveness & policy goal. Is there any significantly difference for and against practicing the government procurement law between constructors and the government? This study construct policy impact evaluation with in the way of management, politics & law; based on policy effectiveness, system maintenance, responsiveness, To evaluate whether or not can the illegal thing be reduced because of practicing government procurement law which based on policy effectiveness, system maintenance, responsiveness & appropriateness. Results from questionnaire are statistically processed with SPSS. There are several conclusions. Both constructors & the government officials have the same views toward practicing the government procurement law. Both of them agree that the procurement environment itself has been significantly changed. Though the efficiency & quality of government procurement have been improved since the government procurement law had been practiced. But the efficiency & quality of government procurement still has not improved equally, even the government procurement procedure were fair & information openly. The persons who proceeded procurement have no confidence toward their own departments is rather alarming. Anyway, NT$500 thousand have been thought to be the appropriate standard of internet procurement. The findings can serve as reference of improvement of government procurement policy. Key words¡GPublic Policy, Policy Impact, Policy Effectiveness, System Maintenance, Responsiveness, Appropriateness

In this thesis, I use the concept of state capacity to account for cross-national levels of variation in policy effectiveness in Latin America between 1996 and 2006. In doing so, I make four contributions to the literature. Firstly, I develop a theoretically-grounded conceptualization and an empirically systematic measurement of policy effectiveness for 18 Latin American countries along security, welfare and economic policy dimensions. Secondly, I develop a novel conceptualization and operationalization of state capacity along three key dimensions – infrastructural power, bureaucratic capacity and political capacity. By disaggregating state capacity into these three distinct (but mutually reinforcing) constituent dimensions, I integrate different strands of the literature on state capacity and purport to increase the explanatory power of state capacity as a conceptual variable. Thirdly, I develop a simple but theoretically differentiated model of policy effectiveness which maps out and incorporates different kinds of politics-centred explanations of effectiveness, while situating state capacity as a direct (but not exclusive) cause of effectiveness. The final contribution is empirical: I triangulate statistical methods, crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis and an extended qualitative comparison of two countries (Argentina and Chile) along three policy areas (health, citizen security and economic regulation) to provide a rich analysis of the influence the different dimensions of state capacity have on each policy effectiveness dimension. My results suggest, firstly, that state capacity differences are indeed large and important for explaining within-region differences in effectiveness; secondly, that the use of this disaggregated approach provides important theoretical and empirical payoffs for understanding the multiple ways in which states affect outcomes; and thirdly, that differentiating ‘institutions as organizations’ (such as the state) from the standard understanding of ‘institutions as rules’ allows us to improve on standard institutionalist accounts of the influence of politics on development.

This study investigates whether there is a link between the successful implementation of European cohesion policy and the voters' attitudes towards the EU. Using the French presidential elections in 2017 as a case study, we do not solely consider regional funds expenditures but also its induced effects in a region as further potential determinant of pro-European or eurosceptic voting behavior. In order to measure the effectiveness of EU structural funds and Cohesion Fund assignment, firm-level employment effects in French NUTS-2 regions stemming from project allocation during the multi-annual financial framework 2007-2013 are estimated. The obtained average treatment effects are, in a next step, used together with other regional characteristics to capture the citizens' perceived exposure to the EU in an empirical voting model for the French presidential election in 2017. The estimation results reveal a significant negative relationship between the effectiveness of EU funds allocation and the vote share of the eurosceptic candidate Marine Le Pen. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

[pt] Neste estudo iremos empiricamente avaliar o impacto do envelhecimento da população na eficácia da política monetária. Primeiramente, estimaremos o impacto da política monetária sobre o hiato do produto e inflação, evidenciando um enfraquecimento geral da transmissão da política monetária ao longo do tempo. Em outras palavras, hiato do produto e inflação menos sensíveis às mudanças nas taxas de juros. Depois, utilizaremos o método de OLS para testar o efeito negativo e estatisticamente significativo das alterações demográficas na eficácia da política monetária. / [en] In this study we will empirically evaluate the impact of population aging on the effectiveness of monetary policy. First, we will estimate the impact of monetary policy on the output gap and inflation, evidencing a general weakening of monetary policy transmission over time. In other words, output gap and inflation are less sensitive to changes in interest rates. Then we will use the OLS method to test the negative and statistically significant effect of demographic changes on the effectiveness of monetary policy.

Current micro-level studies on the effect of formal child care on fertility behavior cannot establish an indisputable positive link. Especially in Germany’s policy context however, such a link is crucial to en-hance the legitimacy of the more recent but long overdue policy turnaround towards the dual-earner model. The results of this paper illustrate the reliance of policy success on an alignment of preferences presupposed by the implemented policy and preferences prevalent within the exposed population. Preferences central to driving policy success are distinguished by women’s receptiveness to such policy in terms of policy applicability and acceptability. The approach is empirically tested by means of Event-History analysis of German women’s first-birth transition based on the German Pairfam panel data set. The results indicate that if formal child care options are provided to 1) women who desire to reconcile family and career, or are provided to 2) women who are open to give their child into formal care, the provision of child care is a significant factor in stimulating women’s transition to first birth. On the contrary, women with career- or family-foci and women averse to formal care are not stimulated by the provision of formal care options. From the results I conclude that a continued expansion of formal child care will aid in overcoming lowest-low fertility by providing child care to those who are receptive to it and promoting a timelier motherhood image to women who are still averse to it.

This dissertation is focused on the analysis of the current method of proceeding REC incl. its effect on accounting firm and to draw up its own credit management. Theoretical part of the dissertation offers information and receivables management concepts, their prevention, and debt collection. This part describes the meaning and usability tools of collection activity. The starting point for setting up a new system is the assessment of the financial situation of the company with financial analysis and analysis of the current state of the receivables. The practical part also includes the elaboration of proposals and recommendations, and the application of specific methods, incl. the costs and benefits. The result of the dissertation is effective system solutions to the outstanding receivables.

No description available.

[pt] Estudei a transmissão da política monetária via canal de crédito com uma base mensal dos balanços dos bancos brasileiros de 2003 a 2017. Concluí que bancos que ofertam mais crédito subsidiado pelo governo e proveniente de captações compulsórias são menos sensíveis a variações da política monetária. Dessa forma, ao manter uma política de incentivo econômico via expansão do crédito, o governo está obstruindo esse canal de transmissão e consequentemente reduzindo a potência da política monetária. Adicionalmente, concluo que os bancos continuam rebalanceando sua carteira de crédito meses após o choque monetário, o que corrobora a visão de Bernanke e Blinder (1992) de que os bancos não desfazem seus contratos de crédito vigentes, mas apenas se recusam a fazer novos. Por fim, verifico um efeito de flight-to-quality em períodos de aperto monetário e menos liquidez na economia. Bancos tendem a reduzir mais seus créditos de alto risco do que os créditos de baixo risco. Entretanto, ao manter um alto volume de crédito subsidiado e proveniente de depósitos compulsórios esse efeito é mitigado. / [en] I have studied monetary policy transmission through the credit channel based on monthly financial statements of Brazilian banks from 2003 to 2017. I have come to the conclusion that banks which offer a higher amount of government subsidized credit originated from compulsory fund raising are less likely to be affected by changes in interest rates. Consequently, by keeping an economic growth policy through credit expansion the government is obstructing this channel of transmission and thus reducing the power of the monetary policy. Additionally, I concluded that banks continue to adjust their loan portfolios until months after the monetary shock, corroborating Bernanke and Blinder (1992), who observed that banks do not cancel existing contracts, but just refuse to create new ones. To finish, I observe a fly-to-quality effect in periods of tight monetary policy and a less liquid economy. Banks tend to cut down on high-risk loans rather than low-risk ones. Nevertheless, by keeping a high amount of government subsidized credit originated from compulsory fund raising, this effect is mitigated.

This dissertation investigates a recent development in New Institutional Economics that draws attention to the division of three institutional layers - macro, meso and micro. I present an analysis considering the systematic connection between these layers and also a particular investigation of the meso-level. Using historical secondary data on milk regulations in Brazil and Italy, and a fine-grained dataset related to daily laboratory analysis of cow milk quality from 25 of the 27 Brazilian states during a nineteen-year period (1999-2017), I address some research questions in the fields of institutional economics, strategic management and food policy. This dissertation includes three individual chapters in the format of academic articles, besides a general introduction and conclusion. Chapter 2 focuses on the field of institutional economics by addressing the gap in the literature in providing a systematic approach detailing the relationships between macro, meso and micro institutional layers and their analysis as a system. This part presents three concepts - institutional interconnectivity, institutional complementarity, institutional alignment - to enrich this new debate. I adopt a historical and regulatory perspective to employ these concepts in the dairy industry in Brazil and Italy. I present some propositions related to the functioning of institutional layers and their basis in terms of transaction costs. Drawing on regulatory institutional voids, Chapter 3 investigates the impact of meso-institution\'s translation effects on performance, as well as the dependence of this influence on firm-level resources. As expected, I observe the creation of a meso-institution overcoming these institutional voids and increasing firms\' performance, due to the information provision mechanisms that simplify complex rules and induce firms to achieve a better fit between their external and internal environments in terms of resource allocation. I also demonstrate the particular relevance of meso-institutions\' translation effects for small firms. Some contributions to the institutions-based strategy literature are presented. Chapter 4 brings the analysis of efficient meso-institutions affecting the effectiveness of food policy implementation. I find that the translation function of a meso-institution increases the policy\'s effectiveness and highlight a sequential logic of policy implementation from institutional (first-order) to technology and size (second-order) effects. This chapter also has policy implications, advocating that any regulation must be initially translated, and then enforced and monitored, to succeed. / A presente dissertação avalia um recente desenvolvimento teórico da Nova Economia Institucional que apresenta a divisão de três camadas institucionais - macro, meso e micro. O estudo traz uma análise considerando a conexão sistemática entre essas camadas e também uma investigação específica no nível meso. Utilizando dados secundários históricos sobre regulamentações de leite no Brasil e na Itália, e um conjunto de dados relacionados à análise laboratorial diária da qualidade do leite de vacas de 25 dos 27 estados brasileiros durante um período de dezenove anos (1999-2017), este estudo investiga questões nas literaturas de economia institucional, gestão estratégica e política alimentar. Esta dissertação contém três capítulos individuais no formato de artigos acadêmicos, além de uma introdução geral e conclusão. O Capítulo 2 concentra-se no campo da economia institucional, abordando a lacuna na literatura em fornecer uma abordagem sistemática detalhando as relações entre as camadas institucionais macro, meso e micro e sua análise como um sistema. Esta parte apresenta três conceitos - interconectividade institucional, complementaridade institucional, alinhamento institucional - para enriquecer este novo debate. É adotada uma perspectiva histórica e regulatória para avaliar esses conceitos na indústria do leite no Brasil e na Itália. São apresentadas proposições relacionadas ao funcionamento de camadas institucionais em termos de custos de transação. Com base nos vazios institucionais regulatórios, o Capítulo 3 apresenta uma investigação do impacto dos efeitos de tradução das meso-instituições sobre o desempenho, bem como a dependência dessa influência dos recursos no nível da empresa. Os resultados apontam que a criação de uma meso-instituição auxilia na resolução desses vazios institucionais e aumenta o desempenho das empresas, devido aos mecanismos de provisão de informações que simplificam regras complexas e induzem as firmas a uma melhor adequação em seus ambientes externos e internos em termos de recursos alocação. Ainda, os resultados evidenciam uma relevância particular dos efeitos de tradução das meso-instituições para firmas pequenas. São apresentadas contribuições para a literatura de estratégia baseada em instituições. O Capítulo 4 apresenta a investigação de meso-instituições eficientes afetando a eficácia da implementação da política de alimentos. Os resultados ilustram que a função de tradução de uma meso-instituição aumenta a efetividade da política e destaca uma lógica sequencial de implementação de políticas a iniciar com efeitos institucionais (de primeira ordem) a efeitos de tecnologia e tamanho (segunda ordem). Este capítulo também tem implicações políticas, evidenciando que qualquer regulamentação deve ser inicialmente traduzida e então monitorada para ser efetiva.