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Political And Legal Documents For Ensuring Sustainable Urban TransportationYilmaz, Begum 01 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Principle of sustainability, as in all areas, is becoming a major issue in urban transportation planning all around the world. Urban transportation political and legal documents are statutory basis of urban transportation plans and projects and developed countries have established urban transportation political and legal documents to ensure that local governments implement plans and projects in line with the sustainability principle. In this thesis, it is intended to analyze the sufficiency of central government&rsquo / s political and legal documents on urban transportation in Turkey in realizing the sustainability of urban transportation plans and projects. For this aim, political and main legal documents of sustainable urban transportation in United States of America (USA) and United Kingdom (UK), which is accepted as one of the leaders in the world about sustainable transportation, are analyzed. Based on this analysis a checklist has been produced, highlighting headings for sustainable urban transportation that should be present in a country&rsquo / s political and legal documents in order to guide and perhaps enforce local governments. Then this checklist has been applied to Turkey to determine strengths and weaknesses of political documents and legislations in Turkey with regards to sustainable urban transportation. A comparative analysis has also been carried out with Turkey, USA and UK under three main headings which are policy documents / guidance papers for local governments, acts and laws / and nation-wide studies. As a result, strengths and weaknesses about political and legal basis of sustainable urban transportation in Turkey have been illustrated and recommendations were made for Turkey to adopt guidance papers and legislations.
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A foreign direct investment model for tourism property acquisition / by J.A. SnymanSnyman, Janetta Adriana January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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A foreign direct investment model for tourism property acquisition / by J.A. SnymanSnyman, Janetta Adriana January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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ANÁLISE DAS TRANSFORMAÇÕES NO SEGMENTO DE TURISMO DE NEGÓCIOS E EVENTOS EM GOIÃNIA A PARTIR DA INSTITUIÇÃO DA LEI GERAL DO TURISMO (LEI FEDERAL N. 11.771/2008)Amaral, Fabrício Borges 11 June 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-06-11 / The General Tourism Law, Federal Law No. 11.771 / 2008, was created to chancelar
the elements that surround the tourism production chain. This dissertation is about
Public Tourism Policy. The objective of this study is to analyze the economic
transformations triggered by the institution of the General Tourism Law. As a study
object, Business and Event Tourism activity was defined in the city of Goiânia, in the
state of Goiás. This object is justified by the strong influence of this municipality for
this sector, since it is located in a centralized region of the country. The theme is
pertinent considering the significance that the Federal Government has given to the
Tourism sector, highlighting the sector as a promise of economic growth, renewable
resources, products of excellence and generation of income. To reach the objectives
of this work, a quantitative research was defined as a methodological trajectory that
will analyze economic data collected in public and private institutions, which will
clarify the economic transformations suffered by the object and the association of
these same transformations with the creation of the General Law of Tourism. This
dissertation has an introductory chapter that covers in detail the pretensions of the
research; a chapter of theoretical contextualization, for the clarification of concepts
used throughout the text; a chapter reading the General Tourism Law and the
policies adopted in its pre- and post-institutionalization; a chapter that presents the
historical trajectory of Brazilian public policies focused on tourism; a chapter that
deals with the historical trajectory of the public policies of the State of Goiás that
influenced Tourism, and; a chapter that analyzes the socioeconomic transformations
in the tourism sector in the business and events segment of the city of Goiânia,
where it was contemplated the analysis of items (variables) protected by the General
Tourism Law. The analysis resulted in confirmation of the influence of the General
Law of Tourism influenced and / or prompted economic transformations in the
Business and Events Tourism sector in the Municipality of Goiânia. However, it
should be noted that, because it is an object that is affected by several other
situations, as a political and social context of the country, we can not affirm at all that
the law was the only factor of interference of the object, inciting the necessity of
investigations directed to the other factors of influence. / A Lei Geral do Turismo - Lei Federal nº 11.771/2008, foi criada para chancelar os
elementos que circundam a cadeia produtiva do Turismo. Esta dissertação tem
como tema Políticas Públicas de Turismo, objetivando a análise das transformações
econômicas desencadeadas a partir da instituição da Lei Geral do Turismo. Como
objeto de estudo, foi definido o segmento de Turismo de Negócios e Eventos no
Município de Goiânia, estado de Goiás. Este objeto se justifica pela forte influência
deste município neste setor, visto que se encontra em uma região centralizada do
país. O tema se faz pertinente pela significância que o Governo Federal vem dando
ao setor de Turismo, destacando-o como uma alternativa de crescimento
econômico, de recursos renováveis, produtos de excelência e geração de renda e
ainda enorme fluxo de empregos. Para alcançar os objetivos deste trabalho, definiuse
como trajetória metodológica, uma pesquisa quantitativa, que irá analisar dados
econômicos coletados em instituições públicas e privadas, para evidenciar possíveis
transformações econômicas sofridas pelo objeto e a associação destas mesmas
transformações com a criação da Lei Geral do Turismo. Esta dissertação possui um
capítulo introdutório que abarca com detalhes as pretensões da pesquisa; um
capítulo de contextualização teórica, para o esclarecimento de conceitos utilizados
no decorrer do texto; um capítulo realizando uma leitura da Lei Geral do Turismo e
as políticas adotadas pré e pós institucionalização; um capítulo que apresenta a
trajetória histórica das políticas públicas brasileiras voltadas para o turismo; um
capítulo que trata a trajetória histórica das políticas públicas do Estado de Goiás que
influenciaram o Turismo, e; um capítulo que analisa as transformações
socioeconômicas no setor de turismo no segmento de negócios e eventos da cidade
de Goiânia, onde se contemplou a análise dos itens (variáveis) resguardados pela
Lei Geral do Turismo. A análise trouxe como resultado a confirmação da influência
da Lei Geral do Turismo nas transformações econômicas no setor de Turismo de
Negócios e Eventos no Município de Goiânia. Porém, deve-se observar que, por se
tratar de um objeto que é afetado por diversas outras situações, como contexto
político e social do país, não podemos afirmar em absoluto que a lei foi o único fator
de interferência do objeto, incitando a necessidade de investigações direcionadas
aos outros fatores de influência.
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Managing quality assurance in private higher education institutions in South AfricaStander, Elmarie January 2016 (has links)
With globalisation and the rise of the knowledge economy, there has been an increase in demand for higher education worldwide, which has resulted in the proliferation of private higher education institutions (PHEIs). Within this context, issues of quality and quality assurance processes, guided by national policies and frameworks, have become increasingly important. In South Africa, programme accreditation is one form of external quality assurance.
Literature reveals several gaps in the understanding of the management of quality assurance in the private higher education sector, and the topic of programme accreditation in relation to PHEIs in South Africa has received scant attention. The research question for this study was: How do PHEIs manage quality assurance as they engage in the process of programme accreditation in South Africa?
Exploratory, qualitative research methodology was deemed the most appropriate for this study and twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with quality assurance managers at ten PHEIs in Gauteng. The conceptual framework, adapted from Zaki and Zaki Rashidi (2013), lists eight parameters relevant to the management of quality assurance within PHEIs in South Africa.
The findings of this study indicate a general lack of sound governance and management structures at PHEIs, an absence of institutional capacity, and academic leadership that is often deficient. The availability of relevant higher education resources within PHEIs remains a challenge. Concerning external quality assurance, the complexity of quality assurance and higher education legislation and various process-based challenges are some of the most common barriers for South African PHEIs. Recommendations are presented. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Education Management and Policy Studies / M Ed / unrestricted
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Managing quality assurance in private higher education institutions in South AfricaStander, Elmarie January 2016 (has links)
With globalisation and the rise of the knowledge economy, there has been an increase in demand for higher education worldwide, which has resulted in the proliferation of private higher education institutions (PHEIs). Within this context, issues of quality and quality assurance processes, guided by national policies and frameworks, have become increasingly important. In South Africa, programme accreditation is one form of external quality assurance.
Literature reveals several gaps in the understanding of the management of quality assurance in the private higher education sector, and the topic of programme accreditation in relation to PHEIs in South Africa has received scant attention. The research question for this study was: How do PHEIs manage quality assurance as they engage in the process of programme accreditation in South Africa?
Exploratory, qualitative research methodology was deemed the most appropriate for this study and twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with quality assurance managers at ten PHEIs in Gauteng. The conceptual framework, adapted from Zaki and Zaki Rashidi (2013), lists eight parameters relevant to the management of quality assurance within PHEIs in South Africa.
The findings of this study indicate a general lack of sound governance and management structures at PHEIs, an absence of institutional capacity, and academic leadership that is often deficient. The availability of relevant higher education resources within PHEIs remains a challenge. Concerning external quality assurance, the complexity of quality assurance and higher education legislation and various process-based challenges are some of the most common barriers for South African PHEIs. Recommendations are presented. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted
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Die realisering van die gesondheidsregte van kinders uit hoofde van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996 / Aneen KrugerKruger, Aneen January 2004 (has links)
Six out of every ten children in South Africa are living in poverty. This
situation is aggravated by the AlDS pandemic. The pandemic is also the
cause of a generation of AlDS orphans and as a consequence a lot of
pressure is put on society's resources. Although the fundamental rights of
children are entrenched in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa,
1996, the current legal and administrative framework is not being
implemented effectively in order to realise these rights.
The Constitutional Court has adjudicated upon several matters regarding the
realisation of socio-economic rights, thereby confirming that socio-economic
rights are indeed justiciable.
This research is specifically concerned with the realisation of children's right to
have access to health care as entrenched in sections 27 and 28(l)(c) of the
Constitution. Read with section 7(2) of the Constitution, this right places
negative as well as positive obligations on the state to respect, protect,
promote and fulfil children's right to have access to health care. Children's
right to health care are however dependent on the internal limitations
contained in section 27(2) of the Constitution which states that the state must
take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources,
to achieve the progressive realisation of these rights. Having ratified the UN
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the state is further bound to
recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation
of health. Parties to the CRC shall also strive to ensure that no child is
deprived of his or her right of access to such health care services.
Good health is dependent on more than a mere right to have access to health
care. In order to ensure the highest attainable standard of health for all
children, it is necessary that the available services are affordable and
accessible on an equitable basis. Access to health care should be seen as
part of a more comprehensive social protection package to ensure a minimum
standard of living, consistent with the value of human dignity in our
Constitution.
In order to achieve this, the fragmented health care system which existed
before 1994 and which was mainly a result of the previous dispensation of
oppression and racial discrimination, had to be transformed in order to reach
the ideal of improving the quality of life of all citizens as contained in the
preamble of the Constitution.
Ten years after the inception of the new constitutional dispensation, it can be
said that the government is making progress with the transformation of the
health system and making it accessible to all people, including children. After
extensive research on the legislative and other measures that the government
has implemented in order to realise children's right to access to health care,
the following conclusions has been reached:
State policies regarding health care are taking account of the needs of
children as a vulnerable group of society and it can be said to be
reasonable in the formulation thereof. Regarding the implementation of
these policies, much remains to be done to ensure that the benefits thereof
reach the children, especially more vulnerable groups such as street
children and child-headed households - a common occurrence with the
high prevalence of HIVIAIDS in South Africa.
The enactment of the National Health Act 61 of 2003 is still awaited
although it has already been signed. This legislation provides a national
framework of norms and standards regarding the health care system and it
is mainly based on the rights of patients.
A new Children's Bill [B32 - 20031 has been introduced to parliament. The
bill deals extensively with the rights of children as contained in the
Constitution and also aims to give effect to governments' obligations in
terms of the CRC. The enactment of the bill should be given priority,
although measures should be implemented to ensure that health care
services are also accessible to children who are not assisted by adults
such as child-headed households.
The allocation of public funds should be considered in order to provide
better social assistance to families in dire need but mechanisms to ensure
that children benefit from social grants must be implemented. Many of
these grants are being abused by parents which means that although the
grants are available, the money is not always spent to better the plight of
the children. This is especially important in the light of the fact that the
primary obligation to take care of children vests in the parents.
The courts and especially the Constitutional Court, has taken their role in
realising socio-economic rights seriously and very important guidelines has
been formulated regarding the reasonableness of legislative and other
measures in this regard. After the Khosa-case it should be said that
although the courts are allowed to overstep the boundaries of separation of
powers, they should not rewrite these boundaries by not taking appropriate
account of the availability of financial resources. This also applies to the
executive and legislature which should act more effectively to implement
the court's decisions.
The Human Rights Commission is playing an important role with regard to
the realisation of socio-economic rights by monitoring and evaluating the
implementation of government programmes and legislation. The
Commission also provides valuable guidelines with regard to the
realisation of socio-economic rights in the form of annual reports submitted
to parliament. It is submitted that the Commission should however
consider to define minimum core obligations of socio-economic rights since
the Commission is better equipped to do this than the courts are. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Die realisering van die gesondheidsregte van kinders uit hoofde van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996 / Aneen KrugerKruger, Aneen January 2004 (has links)
Six out of every ten children in South Africa are living in poverty. This
situation is aggravated by the AlDS pandemic. The pandemic is also the
cause of a generation of AlDS orphans and as a consequence a lot of
pressure is put on society's resources. Although the fundamental rights of
children are entrenched in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa,
1996, the current legal and administrative framework is not being
implemented effectively in order to realise these rights.
The Constitutional Court has adjudicated upon several matters regarding the
realisation of socio-economic rights, thereby confirming that socio-economic
rights are indeed justiciable.
This research is specifically concerned with the realisation of children's right to
have access to health care as entrenched in sections 27 and 28(l)(c) of the
Constitution. Read with section 7(2) of the Constitution, this right places
negative as well as positive obligations on the state to respect, protect,
promote and fulfil children's right to have access to health care. Children's
right to health care are however dependent on the internal limitations
contained in section 27(2) of the Constitution which states that the state must
take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources,
to achieve the progressive realisation of these rights. Having ratified the UN
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the state is further bound to
recognize the right of the child to the enjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of health and to facilities for the treatment of illness and rehabilitation
of health. Parties to the CRC shall also strive to ensure that no child is
deprived of his or her right of access to such health care services.
Good health is dependent on more than a mere right to have access to health
care. In order to ensure the highest attainable standard of health for all
children, it is necessary that the available services are affordable and
accessible on an equitable basis. Access to health care should be seen as
part of a more comprehensive social protection package to ensure a minimum
standard of living, consistent with the value of human dignity in our
Constitution.
In order to achieve this, the fragmented health care system which existed
before 1994 and which was mainly a result of the previous dispensation of
oppression and racial discrimination, had to be transformed in order to reach
the ideal of improving the quality of life of all citizens as contained in the
preamble of the Constitution.
Ten years after the inception of the new constitutional dispensation, it can be
said that the government is making progress with the transformation of the
health system and making it accessible to all people, including children. After
extensive research on the legislative and other measures that the government
has implemented in order to realise children's right to access to health care,
the following conclusions has been reached:
State policies regarding health care are taking account of the needs of
children as a vulnerable group of society and it can be said to be
reasonable in the formulation thereof. Regarding the implementation of
these policies, much remains to be done to ensure that the benefits thereof
reach the children, especially more vulnerable groups such as street
children and child-headed households - a common occurrence with the
high prevalence of HIVIAIDS in South Africa.
The enactment of the National Health Act 61 of 2003 is still awaited
although it has already been signed. This legislation provides a national
framework of norms and standards regarding the health care system and it
is mainly based on the rights of patients.
A new Children's Bill [B32 - 20031 has been introduced to parliament. The
bill deals extensively with the rights of children as contained in the
Constitution and also aims to give effect to governments' obligations in
terms of the CRC. The enactment of the bill should be given priority,
although measures should be implemented to ensure that health care
services are also accessible to children who are not assisted by adults
such as child-headed households.
The allocation of public funds should be considered in order to provide
better social assistance to families in dire need but mechanisms to ensure
that children benefit from social grants must be implemented. Many of
these grants are being abused by parents which means that although the
grants are available, the money is not always spent to better the plight of
the children. This is especially important in the light of the fact that the
primary obligation to take care of children vests in the parents.
The courts and especially the Constitutional Court, has taken their role in
realising socio-economic rights seriously and very important guidelines has
been formulated regarding the reasonableness of legislative and other
measures in this regard. After the Khosa-case it should be said that
although the courts are allowed to overstep the boundaries of separation of
powers, they should not rewrite these boundaries by not taking appropriate
account of the availability of financial resources. This also applies to the
executive and legislature which should act more effectively to implement
the court's decisions.
The Human Rights Commission is playing an important role with regard to
the realisation of socio-economic rights by monitoring and evaluating the
implementation of government programmes and legislation. The
Commission also provides valuable guidelines with regard to the
realisation of socio-economic rights in the form of annual reports submitted
to parliament. It is submitted that the Commission should however
consider to define minimum core obligations of socio-economic rights since
the Commission is better equipped to do this than the courts are. / Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Zásady tvorby sekundární legislativy Evropské unie / Principles of Secondary Legislation of the European UnionŘíha, Michal January 2016 (has links)
V Summary The question of quality of legislation in Modern Age is omnipresent in political, philosophical and in legal discourse. Especially in connection with structures which are different from classical national state concepts such as the European Union, it is very hard to set up conditions of good legislation. The main aim of this Thesis is analysis of today's state of affairs and to create a comprehensive structure of good legislation principles applied in the EU. The author is dealing with the fact that classical legal theory is usually applied on EU situation terms in their classical - Westphalian state - meanings. The purpose of this work is, therefore, to adapt these classical terms to a situation of EU and CJEU case law. For that reason, the author is critically assessing classical legal theorist's principle models as well as models created by experts in the field of legislation or European Union law. The outcome is supposed to be a merge between these models, which can provide the reader with deeper understanding of normative model of Union legislation. EU legislative style is a merge of the majority of legislative traditions of Member States, therefore, in certain circumstances it is hardly understandable for everybody. The main presumption here is MacCormmick's theory of interdependence of...
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Komparácia sociálnych služieb v ČR a v krajinách EÚ v období 2000-2012 / The comparison of social services in the Czech Republic and EU states in the period 2000-2012Szabóová, Andrea January 2012 (has links)
The social services system in the Czech Republic intended for people in unfavorable social situation requires increased attention to financial sustainability, quality and overall effectiveness of their providing. The main point of this work is to examine and analyze the development of an instrument of social policy -- social services in the Czech Republic and in selected EU countries in the period 2000 - 2012. It is possible to highlight the weaknesses of the Czech system of social services by following comparison of the basic pillars. Positive and innovative experience of some EU countries is one of the possible ways how to solve defects in the Czech Republic.
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