Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1 a 171.pdf: 3672558 bytes, checksum: 220d4e6a37a29d4e4844eb13e2be1acf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-07 / The present paper has verified how journalism can be both the partner and the source of history through the reproduction and analysis of political and economical facts of Brazil in the pages of the daily newspapers. In this perspective the columns written by Janio de Freitas in the last 25 years (1983-2009), in Folha de S.Paulo, represent an interpretation and analysis of this history. This is, therefore, a qualitative research and it is anchored to the Cultural Studies. The corpus of this research consists of a clipping of 47 commentaries about Diretas Já , from January to April 1984, period in which the largest mobilizations of the society for the direct election of the president took place, and culminated in the vote and rejection by Congress of the Dante de Oliveira amendment. In the development of this paper the tools of the Content Analysis were used, from the created analytical categories Characters, Vote of the Dante de Oliveira amendment and The Diretas Já movement on the streets , to describe the textual content of the columns. So that a thorough analysis of the research corpus was possible, the CDA- Critical Discourse Analysis was used in nine of the 47 selected columns. The main criterion for the choice of these columns was the identification of those which already presented an explicit reference to The campaign for Diretas Já , the mobilization on the streets , the vote of the Dante de Oliveira amendment and to the Process of presidential succession in the title, or the ones which had their full content about one of the subjects. This study notices the hypothesis that the journalist is a historian of everyday life and that it is possible to do a reading of the history of the Diretas Já campaign through the columns of Janio de Freitas. By weaving together in his columns the scenery of that time, he reveals to history and to historians the political chess characters, political agreements, vote of the amendment and the campaign on the streets that involved the process. So, from his lenses, he offers elements to the construction of collective memory about this period of the Brazilian history.(AU) / O presente trabalho verificou como o jornalismo pode ser parceiro e fonte para a história por meio da reprodução e análise dos fatos político-econômicos brasileiros nas páginas dos jornais impressos diários. Nessa perspectiva, as colunas escritas nos últimos 25 anos (1983-2009) por Janio de Freitas, no jornal Folha de S.Paulo, significam interpretação e análise dessa história. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa qualitativa e está ancorada nos Estudos Culturais. O corpus desta pesquisa é composto de um recorte de 47 comentários sobre as Diretas Já , de janeiro até abril de 1984, período em que ocorreram as principais mobilizações da sociedade civil pela eleição direta para a Presidência da República e culminou com a votação e a rejeição da emenda Dante de Oliveira pelo Congresso Nacional. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizadas as ferramentas da Análise de Conteúdo a partir das categorias analíticas criadas Personagens, Votação da Emenda Dante de Oliveira e Movimento Diretas Já nas ruas , para descrever o conteúdo textual das colunas. Para que se pudesse efetuar uma análise aprofundada do corpus da pesquisa foi utilizado o referencial teórico da ACD Análise Crítica do Discurso em nove das 47 colunas selecionadas. O critério de escolha para essas colunas foi a identificação daquelas que no título já traziam uma referência explícita à Campanha pelas Diretas Já , Às mobilizações nas ruas , A votação da emenda Dante de Oliveira , Ao processo de sucessão presidencial ou as que tinham o seu conteúdo integral sobre um dos temas. Este estudo constata a hipótese de que o jornalista é um historiador do cotidiano e que é possível fazer uma leitura da história da Campanha das Diretas Já por meio das colunas de Janio de Freitas. Ao tecer em suas colunas o cenário da época, desnuda para a história e para os historiadores o xadrez político personagens, acordos políticos, votação da emenda e a campanha nas ruas que envolveu o processo. Dessa forma, a partir de suas lentes, oferece elementos para a construção da memória coletiva sobre esse período da história brasileira.(AU)

Cette thèse a pour l'intention de définir et d'expliciter l'espace professionnel occupé par les journalistes specialisés en politique en Turquie. L'activité professionnelle journalistique des chroniqueurs existe depuis longtemps tandis que leur devenir des grandes figures de journalisme, s'est réalisé de plus en plus avec les années 1990. L'étude micro-sociologique de l'activité professionnelle des chroniqueurs politiques, a l'objectif de mettre en oeuvre l'énigme macro-sociologique qui réside au sein des relations d'interdépendance entre les médias et la politique en Turquie. Cette recherche est divisée en trois grandes parties : la première partie se concentre sur l'état de lieu du journalisme turc avec un regard socio-historique sur l'économie des médias et la structure de la propriété journalistique avec le but d'expliciter l'évolution du métier de chroniqueur dans le champ journalistique ; la deuxième partie prend en main la notion de génération et étudie les caractéristiques générationnels et sociologiques des chroniqueurs de tendance « gauche-séculaire » et « droit-conservateur » avec les données sur les origines sociales, styles de vie et le capital culturel ; la troisième partie étudie l'approche des chroniqueurs à l'égard des scandales politiques choisies selon la diachronie de la recherche, ainsi que de la démocratisation en transition et de la liberté d'opinion. Nous aurons recours, pour cette thèse, à l'étude des trente dernières années de l'histoire politique de la Turquie (1980-2014) et à un apport à la sociologie politique du journalisme en utilisant les concepts de base : génération, champ et engagement politique / This research aims to define and explain the professional activity of Turkish columnists, whose main specialities are politics. Even though they have existed in the journalistic field fora long time, they have become big reference figures since 1990's. This study with its micro-sociological approach, which is based on columnists, professional members of journalistic field, will reveal, in macro level, the puzzled relations of interdependence between media and politics in Turkey. This research is divided into three main parts. First part concentrates on the state of journalism in Turkey with asocio historical overview on media economy, structures of propriety in order to present our main aim: the evoluation of columnists' carrier within the field. The second part studies the concept of generation and focuses on the generational and sociological characteristics of columnists divided in to two ideological groups: "left-secularist" and "right-conservative" and aims to analyse their social origins, life styles and cultural capital. The third part examines the columnists' approaches regarding the political scandals, chosen according to the research's diachrony, the democratization process in transition and the liberty of opinion. In this thesis we aim to present our theoretical and empirical knowledge upon the last thirty years of socio-political history of Turkey and make a contribution to political sociology of journalism by using the basic concepts: generation, field theory and political engagement.