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Traditional familial care has been challenged due to the reduction of family size and increased mobility of the Chinese population. Institutional elder care is increasingly becoming an alternative to familial care. This study explores the relationship between ownership of elder care home and care quality, using data collected in 2010 from 157 homes in Tianjin. Two hypotheses were proposed for the study: 1) There is a difference between government and non government-owned facilities in facility characteristics; 2) Government-owned facilities have better care quality outcomes. The t-test results showed that government-owned elder care homes had advantages in economic resources, staffing and the availability of services. Government-owned facilities reported lower mortality rate compared to non government-owned facilities. Multi-variant regression analysis showed that economic resources—whether funding from the government or high payments from care-recipients in private facilities--are important factors predicting higher levels of care quality. These results indicate that the Chinese government continues to play an important role in institutional long term care; in the meantime, private market is increasing its prominence in the long term care market.

The present investigation was designed to explore the relationship between authoritarianism, rigidity, political-economic conservatism and theological beliefs of two groups of students representing two nationally known theological seminaries. One seminary is noted for its conservative theological standing, the other for its liberal position.

This dissertation examines settlement patterns and political and economic organization at the archaeological site of El Mesón, located in the Eastern Lower Papaloapan Basin, in the Mexican state of Veracruz. Monumental art from the site indicated that the primary occupation dated to the Late Formative (400 B.C.-A.D. 1) or Protoclassic period (A.D. 1-300), however aside from a small surface collection of ceramic sherds, the area remained uninvestigated archaeologically. The Recorrido Arqueológico was initiated in 2003 to provide data about the development of settlement in the area around El Mesón, and to examine how the area was organized politically and economically. The settlement data indicate that over the course of the Formative period El Mesón expanded from a medium sized village to become a secondary center to Tres Zapotes during the Late Formative period. The replication of Tres Zapotes’s civicceremonial architecture in the core of El Mesón indicates its subordinate status to the larger center. Over the course of the Protoclassic period, El Mesón was abandoned and a series of new architectural complexes proliferated in the area until the Late Classic period (A.D. 600-900), settlements in the El Mesón area declined. In assessing the political organization I focus on how exclusionary strategies that focus of the personal prestige of the leader were combined with corporate strategies that promote group solidarity. I argue that based on the architectural layouts and internal organization of the civic-ceremonial complexes that exclusionary strategies predominated in the area, but corporate strategies were also promoted to reinforce group solidarity among factions. This work complements ongoing work at Tres Zapotes by providing a perspective on the use of exclusionary and corporate strategies within secondary centers. This work contributes to the study of political systems more broadly by focusing on how different political strategies were integrated within political systems at the regional and local scale.

Politics, economics and social conditions often have great influences on the development of culture and Art. Moreover, politics can lead to economic growth and rapid change of society. In another word, the political environment has directly impact on the development of culture and Art. This study investigates whether the external factor-political environment affects the process of choreography which should be simply conveying artists¡¦ personal images. Thus artists revise the original ideas and styles of choreography due to this factor. This exploration of the relationship between the change of Taiwan history and the development of Art has been done from the point of view of Art sociology. It uses Cloud Gate and its founder-Lin Huai-Ming as an example. Cloud Gate Dance Company is the first contemporary dance company in Taiwan with the largest scheme and the most well-rounded facilities. The creative ideas of Lin Huai-Ming have profound influences on the style of Cloud Gate Dace Company. Through probing into references and interviews, the author inquires the following facts.1.The influence of Lin Huai-Ming on Cloud Gate Dance Company.2.The relationship between Lin Huai-Ming¡¦s choreography and the political environment.3.Discovering the process of the myth of Cloud Gate established in Taiwan society .

Orientador: Daniela Magalhães Prates / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lodi_AnaLuizaGuimaraes_M.pdf: 1522866 bytes, checksum: d8c372f7737fc20d3b68f8b27a597c88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Esta dissertação pretende mostrar como no Brasil e a Índia - que possuem sistemas bancários mistos, com participação significativa de bancos públicos - esses bancos tiveram um papel fundamental na atenuação do efeito-contágio da crise econômica internacional por meio da realização de ações anticíclicas, que constituem uma das funções das instituições financeiras públicas. Os sistemas bancário brasileiro e indiano passaram por amplas reformas a partir do início da década de 1990, no âmbito dos processos de liberalização financeira interna que integraram as chamadas reformas neoliberais. No Brasil, muitos bancos foram privatizados, enquanto na Índia, apesar da venda de parte do capital de várias instituições públicas, o governo manteve o controle dessas instituições. Sendo assim, mesmo após as reformas, a presença de bancos públicos nos dois países continuou relevante, principalmente na Índia. Diante do contágio da crise, a maioria das iniciativas de política econômica teve como denominador comum a ação anticíclica, contrariando o padrão adotado em situações anteriores de instabilidade. Nos dois países, a existência de um sistema bancário misto, permitiu a adoção de ações anticíclicas por essas instituições, contribuindo para atenuar a contração do crédito por parte das instituições privadas, que adotam um comportamento cauteloso nos momentos de reversão do ciclo. A despeito das especificidades de cada país, os bancos públicos garantiram a manutenção dos fluxos de crédito após o efeito-contágio, o que resultou na ampliação da participação deste tipo de instituição no estoque de crédito doméstico das duas economias estudadas / Abstract: This thesis aims to show how in Brazil and India - which have banking systems, with significant participation of public banks - these banks had a key role in mitigating the contagion effect of the international economic crisis by holding countercyclical actions, which constitute one of the functions of public financial institutions. The Brazilian and Indian banking systems have undergone extensive renovations, from the early 1990s, in proceedings of internal financial liberalization that joined the so-called neoliberal reforms. In Brazil, many banks were privatized, while in India, despite the sale of part of the capital from various public institutions, the government kept the control of these institutions. Thus, even after the reforms, the presence of public banks in both countries continued relevant, especially in India. Given the contagion of the crisis, most economic policy initiatives had a common denominator that was the anti-cyclical action, contrary to the standard adopted in previous situations of instability. In these two countries, the existence of banking systems with a significant presence of public banks allowed the adoption of countercyclical actions by these institutions, helping to mitigate the contraction of credit by private institutions, which adopt a cautious behavior in moments of reversal of cycle. Despite the specificities of each country, the public banks ensured the maintenance of credit flows after the contagion effect, which resulted in a increasing of the involvement of this kind institution in stock of domestic credit of the two studied economies / Mestrado / Politica Economica / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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This thesis will work on implementing the Political Economic Theory of Wall Construction on the case of Saudi Arabia. To further contribute to the study of border walls, the PETWC is applied to a different methodology than in the original paper where it was first introduced, taking into consideration neighboring countries without border walls into analysis. Ultimately, the thesis will show that PETWC sets good foundation for further development of a broader border wall theory, and that border walls concerning Saudi Arabia are consequence of low regional integration and internal instability at home and abroad.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-09T15:34:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Saulo Felipe Costa.pdf: 1452357 bytes, checksum: 0b48a353adb96d0a477a32d1fef74fe7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T15:34:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Saulo Felipe Costa.pdf: 1452357 bytes, checksum: 0b48a353adb96d0a477a32d1fef74fe7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo examinar a existência de ciclos políticos eleitorais na América Latina no período democrático recente. Mais especificamente examina-se a influência dos ciclos eleitorais sobre os resultados macroeconômicos latino-americanos no período 1994-2011, que foi marcado pela globalização e pela consolidação da democracia na região. Para tanto, esta pesquisa baseou-se em dados secundários de dezoito países da América Latina – Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Costa Rica, Equador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicarágua, Panamá, Paraguai, Peru, República Dominicana, Uruguai e Venezuela – e teve o intuito de verificar se as teorias dos ciclos político econômicos forneceriam uma resposta para o padrão encontrado nestes países no período analisado de 1994 a 2011. Os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa não identificaram influência do período eleitoral sobre as variáveis selecionadas, contrariando as expectativas teóricas do modelo oportunista. No que diz respeito às expectativas do modelo partidário, os resultados não foram conclusivos, sendo significantes apenas em alguns modelos econométricos e para algumas orientações ideológicas. O padrão encontrado aponta ainda uma relevância das variáveis de abertura econômica e variação no preço de commodities, indicando que a globalização destas economias vem impactando em seus indicadores macroeconômicos, apontando que a globalização e a integração dos mercados financeiros vêm favorecendo a disciplina fiscal ao punirem estratégias oportunistas. / This dissertation aimed to examine the existence of political electoral cycles in Latin America in recent democratic period. More specifically examines the influence of electoral cycles on macroeconomic outcomes in Latin America in the period 1994-2011, which was marked by globalization and consolidation of democracy in the region. To this end, this research was based on secondary data from eighteen Latin American countries - Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela - and aimed to verify the theories if political economic cycles would provide a response to the pattern found in these countries during the period analyzed from 1994 to 2011. The results obtained by the survey did not identify the influence of the electoral period on the selected variables, contrary to theoretical expectations of the opportunistic model. With regard to the expectations of the party model, the results were not conclusive, being significant only in some econometric models and some ideological orientations. The pattern found also indicates a relevance of the variables of economic liberalization and changes in commodity prices, indicating that the globalization of these economies is impacting on its macroeconomic indicators, pointing out that globalization and integration of financial markets has favored fiscal discipline to punish opportunistic strategies.

yes / The proliferation of irregular armed actors which defy simplistic definition has caught public and academic attention alike, not least in the pages of this journal. To move the debate on non-state armed groups (NSAGs) forward, this article seeks to enhance our conceptual understanding of parochial armed groups which are not primarily driven by ideological or religious objectives. Thus, this article clarifies similarities as well as differences between subtypes of community-based armed groups (CBAGs) on the one hand, and between CBAGs and other NSAGs, on the other hand. By doing so, a typology is developed that classifies militias, gangs and vigilantes on the basis of their political, economic and security-related dimensions. The resulting ideal types are discussed through the lenses of different explanatory frameworks and policy debates in the field of contemporary security studies. A major typological issue is the tendency for CBAGs to ‘turn bad’ and become threats to the stability they were expected to transform, becoming a serious problem in countries where they operate. It is concluded that the challenge of CBAGs ultimately needs to be addressed by putting in place a functioning state that can tackle the underlying woes that led to their proliferation in the first place.