This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative content analyses to examine how news articles written by the New York Times portrayed Hillary Clinton during the 2000 New York Senate Election. The study combined research on political elections, gender stereotypes and an inductive analysis of coverage of the election to derive at four dominant frames. These frames, political activity, horserace, gender stereotype and traditional first lady were used to determine how the media responded to Hillary Clinton’s unprecedented decision to run for election. Results show that Hillary Clinton received more coverage based on her political activity than any other frame. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frames used based on the tone of the articles.

This paper analyzes the impact of political expectations on the returns of Peru’s stock market using information pertaining to the the electoral periods of 1995 and 2000. The main variable is a measure of the probability that a candidate will win the elections. Therefore, the hypothesis to be proven is whether the uncertainty of the election results affects Peru’s stock market returns. We use other alternative variables such as the exchange rate, inflation, and terms of trade. The results show that for the first period of the analysis (1995), the probability that the candidate Fujimori would win the elections positively affected stock market returns. On the other hand, for the period of 2000, the above-mentioned variable changed, implying a loss of electoral appeal on thepart of the candidate Fujimori. Furthermore, the evidence of corruption uncovered at the time contributed to an explanation of the result’s importance. The results also show the importance ofother macroeconomic variables in the estimations. / El presente documento analiza el impacto de las expectativas políticas (medida como la probabilidad de que un candidato gane las elecciones) sobre los retornos del índice general de la Bolsa de Valores de Lima (IGBVL) utilizando información para los períodos electorales de 1995 y 2000. La hipótesis a verificar es si el grado de incertidumbre sobre el resultado de las elecciones presidenciales afecta los retornos del IGBVL. Se usan otras variables explicativas como el tipo de cambio, la inflación, y los términos de intercambio. Los resultados muestran que para el primer período de análisis (1995) la probabilidad de que el candidato Fujimori gane las elecciones tuvo un signo positivo sobre el rendimiento del IGBVL mientras que para el período 2000, el signo de dicha variable cambia, siendo en ambos casos estadísticamente significativos.

Thesis advisor: Andrew Davis / Thesis advisor: Ernesto Valiente / Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

Les élections politiques dans la République de Venise provoquaient des tensions entre normes républicaines, légales, sociales et religieuses. En conséquence, les patriciens développèrent une culture informelle constituée de diverses pratiques appelée “broglio” pour concilier ces normes. Cette culture se déroulait en parallèle aux élections et pouvait à la fois les dévier de leur objectif principal que les rendre plus fluide. Cette étude a pour objectif de mettre en lumière comment une culture pré-électorale de la campagne politique a réussi à s’imposer alors qu’elle était interdite.1500 patriciens prenaient place dans le Grand Conseil chaque dimanche et pendant les jours fériés pour élire les candidats. Le système électoral était strict : à travers une procédure complexe, seul le meilleur, le plus compétent et le plus loyal envers la patrie devait être élu sans prendre en considération les liens familiaux et clientélaires. Les patriciens appelaient ce principe “justice distributive” en référence au concept d’Aristote. Or, les patriciens devaient également soutenir les intérêts de leur famille. De plus, ils étaient intégrés dans un réseau clientélaire où les obligations mutuelles devaient être respectées. Si un patricien ne les honorait pas, il était exclu de la vie politique. Afin de réconcilier les normes républicaines avec les enjeux familiaux ou les intérêts de leurs amis et clients, les patriciens ont développé une culture informelle parallèle aux élections : le broglio. Certaines pratiques étaient illégales mais elles étaient tolérées de fait. D’autres, telle la corruption par l’argent, n’étaient ni légales ni légitimes. / Political elections in the early modern Republic of Venice used to generate tension between republican, legal, social and religious behavioral norms. As a result, Venetians developed a culture of informal practices called broglio to harmonize these norms. This culture ran parallel to elections and could both thwart and smooth them. The analysis aims to highlight how a pre-election culture of political campaign managed to establish itself though it was forbidden. 1500 Patricians sat in the Great Council every Sunday and even on public holidays to elect candidates. The electoral system was strict: through a complex procedure, only the best, the most competent, and those most loyal to the motherland were to be elected, without any consideration of familial and friendship ties. Patricians called it distributive justice, a concept dating back to Aristotle. Patricians had to favour the interests of the family. Besides, they were integrated in clientele networks, where mutual obligations had to be honoured. Whoever did not respect his social duties was excluded from political life. To reconcile republican norms with familial and friendship’s issues, they established an informal culture that existed in parallel with the elections: the broglio. Some practices were legally not permitted, yet tolerated to a certain extent. Others, such as monetary bribery were inacceptable at all levels.

(in English): This thesis deals with the parliamentary elections in 1925 in Czechoslovakia. The paper briefly describes the political system under the baton of those elections were held. The main aim of this work is the analysis of the election campaign, the elections and their results, political parties in 1925 to contest for seats in parliament involved, and the atmosphere in the society during the elections.