The theme of this dissertation is the "Political trial with Dagmar Šimková and others". The aim of my work was to deal with this case of a young condemned in a political trial, to observe it in a larger context and to describe in general an important period of Czechoslovakia history, the fifties and sixties of 20th century on this concrete example. In my work I dealt with four hypothesis. The first one was that the case of Dagmar Šimková as a part of a larger action called "Deserters" was provocated by States security. Second hypothesis was that there was no statewide organised spy group lead by Bohumil Klíma or anyone else whose Dagmar Šimková had been a member and that there were only many people who - in some cases - only knew each other and with no other intention helped two deserters to hide. The third hypothesis I set in my work was that the trial was a political one which fulfiled the main characteristics of a political trial. And the last hypothesis I worked with was that althoug Dagmar Šimková was sentenced in a political trial, she intentionally did an illegal activity she was sentenced for. However, her social dangerousness was not as big as it was described in the sentence. The disertation is divided into three main parts. In the first part, I tried to focus in general on the basis which...

1 Resumé Title of thesis: Political Trials in 1950s The purpose of my thesis is to describe the political trials in continuities. It means the evolution of political situation, evolution of legal order, political trials themselves, rehabilitation and the present view of the phenomenon of political trials. The thesis comprises of six chapters. Chapter One deals with comprehensive view of the political trials, but not only on the political trials themselves. It mainly focuses on legal order, evolution of the judiciary, the background of the political trials, methods used in creating political trials, types of political trials and influence on society. The chapter is subdivided into seven subchapters. These subchapters describe legal order, persecution, political trials (in general), types of political trials, activity of Soviet advisors, methods and the judiciary. Chapter Two deals with the concept of punishment, its application and execution. The chapter consists of three subchapters. Subchapter One focuses on criminal offenses and the types of punishments. Subchapter Two focuses on the capital punishment and Subchapter Three explains execution of punishment (capital punishment and custodial sentence). Chapter Three deals with the trial with Karel Kutlvašr. I would like to present the mechanism of the trial...

The thesis deals with so called "The Bory Rebellion" case, the trial fabricated by the communist regime, which took place in April and May 1950. The thesis captures the whole course of the trial, the issue by whom it was iniciated , how the investigation and hearing passed. Further it describes preparation and subsequent realization of the political campaign aimed to multiply the effects of the trial towards the Prison Guard Corps. It also seeks to find out whether the primary objective of the trial actually was to strengthen discipline within the Corps, or there was also another aim pursued by the ruling dictatorship, and how , and if at all, there was any coverage of the case towards the general public. Some attention is also paid to the victims of the trial and their further fates. The thesis primarily exploits original files of the National Archive and the Archive of the Security Bodies. Key words Prison Guard Corps, prison, rebellion, prison guard, political prisoner

L’avocat plaide à l’audience ou prend la parole en dehors du prétoire pour ladéfense d’un accusé qui a contrevenu aux lois essentielles d’une société. Face à lui un pouvoircentral qui a pour mission de punir celui qui a porté atteinte aux normes sociales et qui tentede protéger son autorité. L’avocat apparaît alors comme un contre-pouvoir qui remet en causeune prérogative régalienne, celle de punir. Ainsi, de 1789 à 1830, l’avocat attire la méfiancedes différentes formes de pouvoir qui se succèdent, mais aussi de l’opinion publique avide derépression. Malgré des circonstances peu favorables à la parole de l’avocat, ce dernierparvient à imposer la nécessité des droits de la défense et le respect des libertésfondamentales. Par son éloquence, l’avocat se révèle un acteur politique incontournable. Laliberté de sa parole se trouve alors au service de la défense mais participe aussi à l’élaborationd’une société plus démocratique. / The lawyer pleads in court or speaks outside the courtroom in defense of adefendant who broke the essential laws of society. He faces a central power whose mission isto punish the one who undermined the social norms and which intends to protect its authority.So the lawyer challenges the established authority and questions a kingly prerogative, the oneto punish. Thus from 1789 to 1830, the lawyer aroused the suspicion of the differentsuccessive forms of power, but also the public opinion’s, eager for repression. Despite theseunfavourable circumstances to the word of the lawyer, the latter managed to impose thenecessity of the rights of the defense and the respect of fundamental liberties. Thanks to hiseloquence, the lawyer turned out to be a main political stakeholder. The liberty of his wordwas then at the service of the defense but also partook in a more democratic society.

The thesis maps one of the political trials taking place in 1950s in the communistic Czechoslovakia. It looks into the life story of political prisoner Josef Staněk who was sentenced to 16 years in prison in the political trial of Fürst and company on 31 January 1952. Later, his sentence was shortened to 8 years in prison. The main part of work based on historical resources reconstructs the whole court trial and the following years of imprisonment. A separate chapter describes the life of Josef Staněk before his arrest.From 1937 to 1951 he was a member of the police force. From 1 September 1949 he was the chief constable of National Police Force. Final part deals with the period after his release from prison.

The broad subject of this diploma thesis would be the Czechoslovak Secret Police (StB) during the years 1945-1969; and, more narrowly, certain aspects of its organization and activities in relation to the then applicable legislation. The overriding objective, which was reflected in this legislation, was the protection of the Communist political system, the regime. This regime protection goal clearly influenced the evolution and organization of the StB and the related policies on the imprisonment of those individuals that represented a threat to the State and the State System. Similar general principles and policies have basically remained in effect into the current period. The paper begins with an Introduction and Preface, which take a look at the events and nature of the society in this post-World War II period. This material is derived from an examination of historical source materials. The remainder of the paper is divided into four additional Chapters with related subsections. The Introduction and Preface focus on the nature and state of the society in the immediate post-war period, which provided the context and background used for the development of the new legislation and the newly created institutions developed for the protection of this new social order and the punishment and incarceration...

L’objet de ce travail est d’étudier le procès fait à Bernat de Cabrera, conseiller de Pierre III de Catalogne (IV d’Aragon), pour trahison et lèse-majesté en 1364. Ce « procès » est conservé aux Archives de la Couronne d’Aragon mais a été édité en 1867. Des documents de la chancellerie de Pierre IV, quelques uns issus des fonds navarrais et, dans une moindre mesure, des sources narratives permettent des recoupements critiques. La volonté royale de justifier la condamnation à mort d’un privado issu de la haute noblesse par la compilation d’actes d’enquête, comme la réhabilitation de sa mémoire en 1381, interrogent sur la solidité des faits reprochés à Bernat de Cabrera, les méthodes judiciaires suivies, les intérêts en jeu dans le royaume d’Aragon et plus largement en Espagne durant la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle. La procédure comme les faits reprochés à celui qui meurt décapité le 26 juillet 1364 révèlent les enjeux diplomatiques à l’œuvre entre les royaumes d’Espagne durant la guerre castillano-aragonaise mais aussi plus largement en Europe, les nouveaux équilibres de pouvoirs entre noblesse, pouvoir urbain et pouvoir royal ainsi que les mutations d’un pouvoir royal mis en difficulté par des guerres incessantes et à la recherche de nouveaux soutiens. Les dépositions des témoins, bien qu’évidemment biaisées décrivent des comportements, évoquent des valeurs et aussi des attentes. Le travail essaie de cerner la trajectoire du comte d’Osona mais aussi des prisonniers et des intermédiaires dans une péninsule ibérique déchirée. L’étude porte donc aussi sur la confrontation des normes entre pouvoir et société. / The intention of this work is to study the proceedings against Bernat de Cabrera, advisor to Peter III of Catalonia (IV of Aragon) for treason and lese-majesty in 1364. These "proceedings" are kept in the Archives of the Crown of Aragon but were printed in 1867. Some documents from the Chancellery of Peter IV, some from the Navarrese funds and, in fewer numbers, some narrative sources enable critical cross checking. The Royal will to justify the death penalty applied to a privado coming from high nobility through the data collection of investigatory sources, as well as the clearing of his name in 1381 question the solidity of the facts charged against Bernat de Cabrera, the law methods applied, the interests at stake in the realm of Aragon and more widely in Spain during the second half of the XIVth century. The procedure as well as the facts charged against he that died beheaded on July 26th, 1364 show the diplomatic stakes at play between the kingdoms of Spain, during the Castile-Aragon war, but more widely in Europe, the new balances of power between nobility, city power and royal power, but also the mutations of royal power put in a difficult situation by unceasing wars and the search for new supports. The witnesses' testimonies, though of course biased, describe behaviours, evoke values and also expectations. This work tries to figure out Count Osona's itinerary but also that of prisoners and middlemen in torn Iberian Peninsula. The study also bears on the confrontation of norms between power and society.

This diploma thesis deals with the theatricality of Milada Horáková and company trial and its theatrical reflections. In this thesis, the political trial is regarded as an ideological fiction on the grounds of the ritual and theatrical character. The dramas, which are inspired with this trial, are interpreted in the following chapters. First of them, it deals with Pařeniště by E. F. Burian in the context of the socialist realism, which was put on the stage in a short time after this trial. It paid attention to re-putting on the stage in 2008 as well. The last part of this thesis deals with contemporary productions, which are inspired with this trial (Horáková, Gottwald by Karel Steigerwald and opera Tomorrow will... by Aleš Březina and Jiří Nekvasil), which depict absurdity and bizzare atmosphere of this trial.