This Master's Project deals with creation of virtual Splint (Orthopedic plate) model and with placement of virtual Splint model onto 3D Bone model. It handles with creating of interpolation curves in 3D (especially Subdivision method) and motion along a curve. This work is only in Czech.

[pt] O espaço de polígonos de um grupo de Lie é definido como a redução simplética em um produto de órbitas pela ação coadjunta. Neste trabalho comparamos alguns sistemas integráveis definidos em espaços de módulos de polígonos, matrizes e fibrados, tais como o sistema de Kapovich–Millson, o modelo de Gaudin e a aplicação de Hitchin. / [en] The Polygon Space of a Lie group is defined as the symplectic reduction of a product of orbits by the coadjoint action. In this work we compare integrable systems defined on different moduli spaces of polygons, matrices and bundles, such as Kapovich–Millson s system, Gaudin s model and the Hitchin s map.

This study introduces an innovative approach to address a complex, real-world packing problem experienced at Emerson Rosemount Tank Radar. The objectives of the study are manifold: primarily, the optimization of packing efficiency within specified geometric and box constraints, and secondarily, the fulfillment of specific packing objectives. The proposed approach comprises the creation of a distinct placement policy, termed the "Constraint Placement Policy". This policy integrates elements of greedy, bottom-left, and proximity-based alignment heuristics to proficiently guide the packing process. Furthermore, to augment the search for the most efficient packing configurations, a genetic algorithm is designed. The genetic algorithm leverages a three-layered chromosome representation for item sequence, rotation sequence, and box sequence, enabling a flexible and dynamic optimization process. Additionally, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of various metaheuristics, highlighting their relevance and applicability in resolving packing problems. It also devises an automated method to extract model code indices, thereby aiding the creation of a component database for Emerson's products. Thereafter, the packing problem is formulated, considering geometric constraints, box constraints, and packing objectives, which significantly affect the overall efficiency and safety of the packing process.The performance of the packaging algorithm is critically evaluated against shipping data. This comparison accentuates the efficacy of the custom heuristic placement policy and the genetic algorithm, particularly focusing on the genetic algorithm capacity to adapt and optimize packing configurations. A contrast between the proposed hybrid approach and conventional packing methods is also provided, illuminating the strengths and limitations of the proposed solution. The results of this study have considerable implications for Emerson's packing process. Not only does it enhance current packing efficiency, but it also proffers valuable insights for potential future improvements in the industrial packing domain.

Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Beitrag zur Dimensionierung von hypotrochoidischen Polygonwellen (H-Profile) und H-Profil-Polygon-Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen (H-PWNV) leisten. Die wesentliche Motivation ist dabei das Schließen vorhandener Wissenslücken im Hinblick auf Form- und Kerbwirkungszahlen torsionsbelasteter H-Profil-Wellen und das mechanische Verhalten im Profilauslauf (Übergangsradius) torsionsbelasteter H-PWNV. Dazu werden umfangreiche numerische Untersuchungen mit der FEM durchgeführt. Hierbei steht der Einfluss der Profilform auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der H-Profile im Vordergrund. Zur Beurteilung des Profilformeinflusses werden zunächst die Formzahlen torsionsbelasteter H-Profil-Wellen ermittelt. Auf Grundlage der FE-Ergebnisse werden empirische Berechnungs-ansätze zur Formzahlberechnung hergleitet, um zukünftig die Formzahlermittlung ohne aufwendige numerische oder experimentelle Verfahren zu ermöglichen. Die ermittelten Formzahlen ermöglichen die Berechnung der maximalen Torsionsspannung, des übertragbaren Torsionsmomentes und des erforderlichen Wellendurchmessers. Um Aussagen zum Tragverhalten bei dynamischer Beanspruchung abzuleiten, werden mit den vorliegenden Formzahlen die Kerbwirkungszahlen der torsionsbelasteten H-Profil-Wellen ermittelt. Die erforderliche Stützziffer wird dazu nach DIN 743 und der FKM-Richtlinie mit örtlichen Spannungen berechnet. Die ermittelten Kerbwirkungszahlen für H-Profil-Wellen ermöglichen durch einen Vergleich mit bereits vorliegenden experimentellen Ergebnissen erstmals eine Quantifizierung des Naben- bzw. Verbindungseinflusses bei dynamischer Beanspruchung. Eine häufig beobachtete Versagensursache bei formschlüssigen Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen ist der Bruch der Wellen im Profilauslauf, d.h. im Übergangsbereich zwischen profiliertem und zylindrischem Wellenquerschnitt. Für H-PWNV liegen diesbezüglich bislang noch keine Erkenntnisse vor. Aus diesem Grund werden für verschiedene H-PWNV die Formzahlen im Profilauslauf ermittelt und mit dem Evolventenzahnprofil nach DIN 5480 verglichen. Dabei erfolgt auch eine Variation des Reibwertes und Belastungsgröße.:1 Einleitung 2 Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik 3 Geometrie und Herstellung 4 Formzahlen torsionsbelasteter H-Profil-Wellen 5 Kerbwirkungszahlen torsionsbelasteter H-Profil-Wellen 6 Untersuchungen der Formzahl im Auslauf von H-Profil-Polygon-Welle-Nabe-Verbindungen 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 8 Literatur 9 Anhang

Les polygones à coin de glace sont très répandus dans la zone du pergélisol continu. Lorsque le ruissellement d’eau de fonte nivale s’infiltre de façon concentrée dans une cavité, il peut initier le processus de thermo-érosion du pergélisol (notamment des coins de glace) pouvant mener à la formation de ravins. Dans la vallée de Qalikturvik sur l’Ile Bylot (NU, Canada), le développement de ravins de thermo-érosion dans un milieu de polygones à coins de glace entraîne comme impact : i. la réorganisation des réseaux de drainage impliquant un assèchement des milieux humides en marge des chenaux d’érosion, ii. des variations dans le régime thermique et de l’humidité de proche-surface et iii. la prise en charge et le déplacement des sédiments vers l’extérieur du bassin-versant. L’objectif de cette thèse vise à approfondir les connaissances géomorphologiques propres au ravinement par thermo-érosion, d’examiner, caractériser et quantifier les impacts du ravinement (tel que sus-mentionné en i. ii. iii.) et le rôle de celui-ci dans une optique d’évolution du paysage périglaciaire à l’échelle temporelle de l’année à la décennie. Les ravins sont dynamiques : un ravin en particulier déclenché en 1999 et étudié depuis s’érodait à une vitesse de 38 à 50 m/a durant sa première décennie d’existence, pour atteindre une longueur totale de ~750 m et une surface érodée de ~25 000 m² en 2009. Des puits sont localisés près des zones de ravinement actives ; des levées alluviale, mares et polygones effondrés dans les zones stabilisées post-perturbation. Sur la terrasse de polygones recouvrant le plancher de la vallée au site à l’étude, 35 ravins furent identifiés et 1401 polygones furent perturbés avec 200 000 m³ de sols transportés. Une amélioration du drainage, une dégradation de la capacité de rétention de l’humidité, une transition d’un écoulement de ruissellement vers un écoulement canalisé caractérise les aires ravinées et leurs environs. Les polygones intacts sont homogènes d’un à l’autre et dans leurs centres ; les polygones perturbés ont une réponse hétérogène (flore, humidité et régime thermique). Les milieux érodés hétérogènes succèdent aux milieux homogènes et deviennent le nouvel état d’équilibre pour plusieurs décennies. / Ice wedges polygons are very common features characterizing continuous permafrost environments. When concentrated snowmelt runoff recurrently flows into opened frost cracks in ice wedges (or nearby depressions), thermo-erosion of permafrost leading to gullies can occur. In the valley of Qalikturvik on Bylot Island (NU, Canada), rapid development of gullies due to thermo-erosion processes in wet polygons exert the following: i. forced rerouting of drainage networks, changing moisture input in wetlands adjacent to a gullied channel; ii. variation in near-surface thermal regime and moisture; iii. erosion and displacement of thawed soils outside the watershed. The objectives of this thesis are to quantify and widen the understanding of the thermo-erosion gullying geomorphology, the related impacts (as aforementioned in i. ii. iii.) and the role of such erosion in the context of the periglacial landscape evolution on a short to medium timescale. In this study, gullies are active and dynamic: one gully triggered in 1999 (and monitored since then) elongated at a rate varying between 38 and 50 m/y during the first decade following its initiation. Its total length at the end of that decade (1999-2009) was ~750 m for an eroded surface of ~25 000 m². Sinkholes were exclusive to the active zone of a gully where alluvial levees and collapsed polygons were common in the stable zone. Thirty-five gullies were identified over the polygon terrace featuring the valley floor. 1401 polygons were consequently breached due to thermo-erosion resulting in 200 000 m³ of displaced soils and thawed permafrost. Gullied areas were characterized by improved drainage conditions, a reduced capacity to retain moisture and a transition from dominantly surface runoff toward channelized flow. Intact wet polygons were homogeneous between each other and in their center; disturbed polygons were heterogeneous (for moisture, thermal regime and vegetation) following a breach of at least one side. Wetland polygons, when disturbed due to gullying, evolve toward an heterogeneous landscape which will become the new equilibrium for that terrain for decades to come.

Os caleidociclos têm sido utilizados como forma artística de apresentação de imagens, pinturas ou como parte de trabalhos artísticos, principalmente de imagens com simetrias; talvez os mais conhecidos sejam os trabalhos de M. C. Escher. As poucas publicações encontradas da teoria matemática envolvida nos caleidociclos dão base para imaginar e criar aplicações no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências trabalhadas na escola. Para aumentar as possibilidades de aplicações de conceitos, teoremas e relações matemáticas estudadas no ensino básico, o presente trabalho apresenta algumas propostas de atividades utilizando os caleidociclos. As propostas foram elaboradas de acordo com o nível de ensino, ou seja, simetrias para o 7o ano, teorema de Pitágoras para os 8o e 9o anos do Ensino Fundamental, lei dos cossenos e relação fundamental da trigonometria para a 1a série e volume e área de superfície de sólidos geométricos para 2a série do Ensino Médio; algumas das propostas apresentam variações para se adequar ao nível de desenvolvimento em que a turma se encontra. Todos os moldes utilizados e outras possibilidades de caleidociclos, incluindo sólidos encaixantes aos caleidociclos, foram organizados ao final deste trabalho em um dos apêndices. Há também um apêndice com outros tipos de sólidos geométricos com movimentos, que podem ser usados no mesmo intuito de aplicação diferenciada da geometria espacial. / Kaleidocycles have been used asan artistic formof presentation of pictures, paintings or a part of artworks, especially images with symmetries; perhaps the best known works are M. C. Eschers. The few finded publications of the mathematical theory related to these three-dimensional rings give rise to imagine and create applications for developing skills to be worked in classroom. In order to increase the possibility of applications of concepts, theorems and mathematical relations, the present work proposes some activities dealing with kaleidocycles. The proposals were prepared in accordance with the students level of education, i.e., symmetries for the7th grade, the Pythagorean theorem for the 8th and 9th grades, law of cosines and the fundamental relation of trigonometry, volume and surface area of geometric solids for high school students; some of the proposals have variations to suit the level of development in which the class is at. All the molds used and other possibilities of kaleidocycles, including solids which fit into kaleidocycles, were organized at the end of this dissertation in one of the appendices. There is also an appendix with other types of mobile geometric solids that can be used in the same purpose in different applications of spatial geometry.

No description available.

This dissertation addresses the problem of automated vector extraction from Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) data in urban areas. The recent popularity of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has stimulated research on automated object extraction in order to simplify the data acquisition and update process. By automatically generating GIS inputs and updates from a single data source, the cost of data acquisition and processing will be kept to a minimum. Compared with other remote sensing techniques, extraction of objects from ALS data is in its infancy. ALS sensor technology has evolved rapidly and now allows the acquisition of very dense point clouds in a short period of time. ALS data is unique in that it explicitly contains 3D information and is acquired from an active sensor. As such, there are several benefits that can be immediately realised by using an ALS only data approach; data acquisition will not be limited to daylight hours as with other sensors and accurate height information is contained in the data. This means that registration of different data sources is not required and as only one data source is used, acquisition costs are minimised. Apart from these facts, ALS data has some other unique properties that have not been utilised to their full potential. An ALS sensor can record both height and intensity information from multiple returns in a single swath. To date, all the available information has rarely been used. For example, the intensity of a laser return has regularly been dismissed as it was considered under-sampled and noisy. This data still contains usable information and until this information is used, the optimum object recognition results will not be achieved; thus the use of as much of this information as possible is a major focus of this thesis. As ALS is an explicit 3D data source, the early stages of development were primarily focused on topographic mapping of terrain in forested areas in order to generate Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). As sensor technology has improved, so has the achievable resolution of point clouds from ALS data, and methods to extract objects from stand-alone ALS data have emerged. Attempts have been made to create city models and maps from ALS data that included buildings, roads, trees and powerlines. Each of these spatial object types has unique attributes, which means that automatic map creation is not an easy task. For example, buildings in general are easily detected in ALS data but the building outline is not easily delineated. Another difficulty with building detection is the separation of buildings and bridges as they have many of the same properties as observed by an ALS system. Bridges can usually be found in a road network but road extraction techniques typically produce poor detection rates and often require existing data and / or user interaction in semi-automatic techniques. These simple examples highlight the complexity of automatically generating vectorised maps from ALS data or in fact any data source. In this thesis, new methods are presented for the automatic creation of vectorised maps from ALS data. A two-step processing paradigm is adopted for this purpose, namely the classification of the ALS data and the vectorisation of the classification results. A classification strategy is introduced that creates a hierarchy for object detection with respect to the ALS data itself. This approach develops an ontology between the spatial object classes and the ALS data. The hierarchical framework highlights the fact that one object might not be discernable within the data without considering another. New classification algorithms are then presented within this framework. Each algorithm attempts to exploit the attributes of the data that are consistent within the spatial object class being considered as described by the classification framework. New algorithms for the classification of roads, trees and powerlines are all introduced whilst an extension to existing building classification methods is presented. Once classification is complete, a vectorisation process specific to the task at hand can be employed to yield vectorised results. These developed vectorisation processes are new and include an algorithm that has been generalised to allow the vectorisation of thick lines in images by detecting the centreline, direction and width. The primary goal of this thesis is to present a framework of new algorithms that will allow automatic spatial object detection and vectorisation whilst providing results of an acceptable quality. The algorithms presented rely solely on ALS data and require minimal operator knowledge. Each algorithm has been designed to exploit the way in which the object exhibits itself in the data. The new algorithms are integrated into a software package called JTD (Join The Dots) that will facilitate the effective automatic processing of ALS data. The results of the new algorithms have been evaluated over four 2 x 2 km areas that have been sampled with medium resolution ALS data. The results for each area are displayed and analysed to show the applicability of the whole process in an exemplary way.

Os caleidociclos têm sido utilizados como forma artística de apresentação de imagens, pinturas ou como parte de trabalhos artísticos, principalmente de imagens com simetrias; talvez os mais conhecidos sejam os trabalhos de M. C. Escher. As poucas publicações encontradas da teoria matemática envolvida nos caleidociclos dão base para imaginar e criar aplicações no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências trabalhadas na escola. Para aumentar as possibilidades de aplicações de conceitos, teoremas e relações matemáticas estudadas no ensino básico, o presente trabalho apresenta algumas propostas de atividades utilizando os caleidociclos. As propostas foram elaboradas de acordo com o nível de ensino, ou seja, simetrias para o 7o ano, teorema de Pitágoras para os 8o e 9o anos do Ensino Fundamental, lei dos cossenos e relação fundamental da trigonometria para a 1a série e volume e área de superfície de sólidos geométricos para 2a série do Ensino Médio; algumas das propostas apresentam variações para se adequar ao nível de desenvolvimento em que a turma se encontra. Todos os moldes utilizados e outras possibilidades de caleidociclos, incluindo sólidos encaixantes aos caleidociclos, foram organizados ao final deste trabalho em um dos apêndices. Há também um apêndice com outros tipos de sólidos geométricos com movimentos, que podem ser usados no mesmo intuito de aplicação diferenciada da geometria espacial. / Kaleidocycles have been used asan artistic formof presentation of pictures, paintings or a part of artworks, especially images with symmetries; perhaps the best known works are M. C. Eschers. The few finded publications of the mathematical theory related to these three-dimensional rings give rise to imagine and create applications for developing skills to be worked in classroom. In order to increase the possibility of applications of concepts, theorems and mathematical relations, the present work proposes some activities dealing with kaleidocycles. The proposals were prepared in accordance with the students level of education, i.e., symmetries for the7th grade, the Pythagorean theorem for the 8th and 9th grades, law of cosines and the fundamental relation of trigonometry, volume and surface area of geometric solids for high school students; some of the proposals have variations to suit the level of development in which the class is at. All the molds used and other possibilities of kaleidocycles, including solids which fit into kaleidocycles, were organized at the end of this dissertation in one of the appendices. There is also an appendix with other types of mobile geometric solids that can be used in the same purpose in different applications of spatial geometry.

As hydrological computer modeling software continues to increase in complexity, the need for further understanding of the value of different model input datasets becomes apparent. Frequently used precipitation model input include rain gauge data and next-generation radar–based (NEXRAD) rainfall data. Rain gauge data are usually interpolated across a model domain using various methods including the Thiessen Polygon methodology, which may be data-sparse in some areas and overly data-dense in others. However, rain gauge data are generally very easy to use in hydrologic model development, often requiring little to no data processing. NEXRAD data have the potential to improve hydrologic runoff estimates due to the increased spatial resolution of the data: but has its own issues regarding accuracy, false precipitation indications, and difficulties due to data processing. Previous studies have investigated the value of NEXRAD input versus traditional rain gauge data inputs for hydrologic studies; however, results are inconclusive as to which precipitation source provides more accurate results. Limited work has been done to compare the value of these datasets at multiple spatial scales, especially in Florida, a study area dominated by low topographic drive and sub-tropical weather. In addition, little to no research has been done regarding the value of NEXRAD versus rain gauge data inputs at different rainfall return frequencies. The proposed research will utilize a hydrological rain-runoff model (HEC-HMS) of the Upper St. Johns River Basin, Florida to compare the performance of the two precipitation data input types at various watershed spatial scales and rainfall return frequencies. Statistical analysis of the hydrological model “goodness-of-fit” results will be utilized to assess the watershed scaling and rainfall frequency requirements to xii which NEXRAD data provide little to no advantage over standard rain gauges using the Thiessen Polygon method for estimating rainfall totals across a model domain.