The diploma thesis is focused on the creation of a control interface for a polygon simulating the electrical distribution network of the Czech Republic, where communication between substations is realized by IEC 60870-5-104 protocol. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the basic principles, properties and possibilities of communication standards IEC 60870 and IEC 61850. The next part is focused on the actual implementation and subsequent implementation of the control interface, including the implementation of the IEC 61850-80-1 module for data transfer between the mentioned standards. The last part describes the created behavior scenarios or the analysis of communication itself.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This paper is a study of the dynamics of a new family of maps from the complex plane to itself, which we call twisted tent maps. A twisted tent map is a complex generalization of a real tent map. The action of this map can be visualized as the complex scaling of the plane followed by folding the plane once. Most of the time, scaling by a complex number will \twist" the plane, hence the name. The "folding" both breaks analyticity (and even smoothness) and leads to interesting dynamics ranging from easily understood and highly geometric behavior to chaotic behavior and fractals.

Considering that geometry is taught according to certain principles that do not encourage creativity, I have decided to employ the mixed methods philosophical framework applying the concurrent transformative design in the form of an exploratory case study. The case study to (i) explore and design a model that influences learning using polygon pieces and mathematics dictionary in the teaching and learning of geometry to grade 8 learners; (ii) investigate if the measurement of angles and sides of polygons using polygon pieces assisted by mathematics dictionary promote learners’ comprehension of geometry and (iii) investigate how mathematics teachers should use polygon pieces along with mathematics dictionary to teach properties of triangles in order to promote learners’ conceptual understanding. Drawing from my research findings a model has been developed from the use of polygon pieces and mathematics dictionary. The model use of mathematics dictionary in teaching and learning geometry is to develop learners’ mathematics vocabulary and terminology proficiency. Polygon pieces are to enhance the comprehension of geometric concepts. The quantitative data emerged from marked scripts of the diagnostic and post-intervention tests, the daily reflective tests and intervention activities were analysed as percentages and presented in line and bar graphs. Qualitative data obtained from observation notes and transcribed interviews were analysed in three forms: thematically, constant comparison and keywords in context. These findings support other research regarding the importance of using physical manipulatives with mathematics dictionary in teaching and learning geometry. They align with other findings that stress that manipulatives are critical facilitating tools for the development of mathematics concepts. The investigations led into the designing of a teaching model for the topic under study for the benefit of the mathematics community in the teaching and learning of geometry, focusing on properties of triangles. The model developed during this study adds to the relatively sparse teaching models but growing theoretical foundation of the field of mathematics. / Mathematics Education / Ph. D. (Mathematics Education)

Range, areas of concentrated activity, and dispersal characteristics for juvenile Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in the endangered western population (west of 144° W in the Gulf of Alaska) are poorly understood. This study quantified space use by analyzing post-release telemetric tracking data from satellite transmitters externally attached to n = 65 juvenile (12-25 months; 72.5 to 197.6 kg) Steller sea lions (SSLs) captured in Prince William Sound (60°38'N -147°8'W) or Resurrection Bay (60°2'N -149°22'W), Alaska, from 2003-2011. The analysis divided the sample population into 3 separate groups to quantify differences in distribution and movement. These groups included sex, the season when collected, and the release type (free ranging animals which were released immediately at the site of capture, and transient juveniles which were kept in captivity for up to 12 weeks as part of a larger ongoing research program). Range-use was first estimated by using the minimum convex polygon (MCP) approach, and then followed with a probabilistic kernel density estimation (KDE) to evaluate both individual and group utilization distributions (UDs). The LCV method was chosen as the smoothing algorithm for the KDE analysis as it provided biologically meaningful results pertaining to areas of concentrated activity (generally, haulout locations). The average distance traveled by study juveniles was 2,131 ± 424 km. The animals mass at release (F[subscript 1, 63] = 1.17, p = 0.28) and age (F[subscript 1, 63] = 0.033, p = 0.86) were not significant predictors of travel distance. Initial MCP results indicated the total area encompassed by all study SSLs was 92,017 km², excluding land mass. This area was heavily influenced by the only individual that crossed over the 144°W Meridian, the dividing line between the two distinct population segments. Without this individual, the remainder of the population (n = 64) fell into an area of 58,898 km². The MCP area was highly variable, with a geometric average of 1,623.6 km². Only the groups differentiated by season displayed any significant difference in area size, with the Spring/Summer (SS) groups MCP area (Mdn = 869.7 km²) being significantly less than that of the Fall/Winter (FW) group (Mdn = 3,202.2 km²), U = 330, p = 0.012, r = -0.31. This result was not related to the length of time the tag transmitted (H(2) = 49.65, p = 0.527), nor to the number of location fixes (H(2) = 62.77, p = 0.449). The KDE UD was less variable, with 50% of the population within a range of 324-1,387 km2 (mean=690.6 km²). There were no significant differences in area use associated with sex or release type (seasonally adjusted U = 124, p = 0.205, r = -0.16 and U = 87, p = 0.285, r = -0.13, respectively). However, there were significant differences in seasonal area use: U = 328, p = 0.011, r = -0.31. There was no relationship between the UD area and the amount of time the tag remained deployed (H(2) = 45.30, p = 0.698). The kernel home range (defined as 95% of space use) represented about 52.1% of the MCP range use, with areas designated as "core" (areas where the sea lions spent fully 50% of their time) making up only about 6.27% of the entire MCP range and about 11.8% of the entire kernel home range. Area use was relatively limited – at the population level, there were a total of 6 core areas which comprised 479 km². Core areas spanned a distance of less than 200 km from the most western point at the Chiswell Islands (59°35'N -149°36'W) to the most eastern point at Glacier Island (60°54'N -147°6'W). The observed differences in area use between seasons suggest a disparity in how juvenile SSLs utilize space and distribute themselves over the course of the year. Due to their age, this variation is less likely due to reproductive considerations and may reflect localized depletion of prey near preferred haul-out sites and/or changes in predation risk. Currently, management of the endangered western and threatened eastern population segments of the Steller sea lion are largely based on population trends derived from aerial survey counts and terrestrial-based count data. The likelihood of individuals to be detected during aerial surveys, and resulting correction factors to calculate overall population size from counts of hauled-out animals remain unknown. A kernel density estimation (KDE) analysis was performed to delineate boundaries around surveyed haulout locations within Prince William Sound-Kenai Fjords (PWS-KF). To closely approximate the time in which population abundance counts are conducted, only sea lions tracked during the spring/summer (SS) months (May 10-August 10) were chosen (n = 35). A multiple state model was constructed treating the satellite location data, if it fell within a specified spatiotemporal context, as a re-encounter within a mark-recapture framework. Information to determine a dry state was obtained from the tags time-at-depth (TAD) histograms. To generate an overall terrestrial detection probability 1) The animal must have been within a KDE derived core-area that coincided with a surveyed haulout site 2) it must have been dry and 3) it must have provided at least one position during the summer months, from roughly 11:00 AM-5:00 PM AKDT. A total of 10 transition states were selected from the data. Nine states corresponded to specific surveyed land locations, with the 10th, an "at-sea" location (> 3 km from land) included as a proxy for foraging behavior. A MLogit constraint was used to aid interpretation of the multi-modal likelihood surface, and a systematic model selection process employed as outlined by Lebreton & Pradel (2002). At the individual level, the juveniles released in the spring/summer months (n = 35) had 85.3% of the surveyed haulouts within PWS-KF encompass KDE-derived core areas (defined as 50% of space use). There was no difference in the number of surveyed haulouts encompassed by core areas between sexes (F[subscript 1, 33] << 0.001, p = 0.98). For animals held captive for up to 12 weeks, 33.3% returned to the original capture site. The majority of encounter probabilities (p) fell between 0.42 and 0.78 for the selected haulouts within PWS, with the exceptions being Grotto Island and Aialik Cape, which were lower (between 0.00-0.17). The at-sea (foraging) encounter probability was 0.66 (± 1 S.E. range 0.55-0.77). Most dry state probabilities fell between 0.08-0.38, with Glacier Island higher at 0.52, ± 1 S.E. range 0.49-0.55. The combined detection probability for hauled-out animals (the product of at haul-out and dry state probabilities), fell mostly between 0.08-0.28, with a distinct group (which included Grotto Island, Aialik Cape, and Procession Rocks) having values that averaged 0.01, with a cumulative range of ≈ 0.00-0.02 (± 1 S.E.). Due to gaps present within the mark-recapture data, it was not possible to run a goodness-of-fit test to validate model fit. Therefore, actual errors probably slightly exceed the reported standard errors and provide an approximation of uncertainties. Overall, the combined detection probabilities represent an effort to combine satellite location and wet-dry state telemetry and a kernel density analysis to quantify the terrestrial detection probability of a marine mammal within a multistate modeling framework, with the ultimate goal of developing a correction factor to account for haulout behavior at each of the surveyed locations included in the study. / Graduation date: 2013

In a quest to design novel deployable structures, flexible polyhedra provide interesting insights. This work follows the discovery of flexible polyhedra and aims to make flexible polyhedra more useful. The dissertation describes how flexible polyhedra can be made. The flexible polyhedra first considered in this dissertation have a rotational degree of freedom. The range of this rotational movement is measured and maximised in this work by numerical maximisation. All polyhedra are established computationally: an iterative solution method is used to find vertex coordinates; several clash detecting methods are described to define whether each rotational position of a flexible polyhedron is physically possible; then a range of motion is defined between occurrences of clashes at the two ends; finally, an optimisation tool is used to maximise the range of motion. By using these tools, the range of motion of two types of simplest flexible polyhedra are maximised. The first type is a series of flexible polyhedra generalised from the Steffen flexible polyhedron. The range of motion of this type is improved to double that of Steffen’s original, from 27° to 59°. Another type of flexible polyhedron is expanded from a model provided by Tachi. Based on the understanding of Steffen’s flexible polyhedron, optimisation parameters are carefully given. This new type has achieved a wider range of motion, so now the range of motion of flexible polyhedron is tripled to 80°. After enlarging the range of motion of the degree of freedom in the 1-dof systems, the dissertation found multiple degrees of freedom in one polyhedron. The multiple mechanisms can be even repetitive, so that an n-dof polyhedron is found. A polyhedron of two degrees of freedom is first presented. Then, a unit cell for any number of mechanisms is found. As a repetitive structure, a 3-dof polyhedron is presented. Finally, this work presents the possibility of configuring a flexible polyhedral torus and a closed polyhedral surface that is able to flex without the need to stop.

<p>There are numerous ways to localize eigenvalues. One of the best known results is that the spectrum of a given matrix ACn,n is a subset of a union of discs centered at diagonal elements whose radii equal to the sum of the absolute values of the off-diagonal elements of a corresponding row in the matrix. This result (Ger&scaron;gorin&#39;s theorem, 1931) is one of the most important and elegant ways of eigenvalues localization ([63]). Among all Ger&scaron;gorintype sets, the minimal Ger&scaron;gorin set gives the sharpest and the most precise localization of the spectrum ([39]). In this thesis, new algorithms for computing an efficient and accurate approximation of the minimal Ger&scaron;gorin set are presented.</p> / <p>Постоје бројни начини за локализацију карактеристичних корена. Један од најчувенијих резултата је да се спектар дате матрице АCn,n налази у скупу који представља унију кругова са центрима у дијагоналним елементима матрице и полупречницима који су једнаки суми модула вандијагоналних елемената одговарајуће врсте у матрици. Овај резултат (Гершгоринова теорема, 1931.), сматра се једним од најзначајнијих и најелегантнијих начина за локализацију карактеристичних корена ([61]). Међу свим локализацијама Гершгориновог типа, минимални Гершгоринов скуп даје најпрецизнију локализацију спектра ([39]). У овој дисертацији, приказани су нови алгоритми за одређивање тачне и поуздане апроксимације минималног Гершгориновог скупа.</p> / <p>Postoje brojni načini za lokalizaciju karakterističnih korena. Jedan od najčuvenijih rezultata je da se spektar date matrice ACn,n nalazi u skupu koji predstavlja uniju krugova sa centrima u dijagonalnim elementima matrice i poluprečnicima koji su jednaki sumi modula vandijagonalnih elemenata odgovarajuće vrste u matrici. Ovaj rezultat (Geršgorinova teorema, 1931.), smatra se jednim od najznačajnijih i najelegantnijih načina za lokalizaciju karakterističnih korena ([61]). Među svim lokalizacijama Geršgorinovog tipa, minimalni Geršgorinov skup daje najprecizniju lokalizaciju spektra ([39]). U ovoj disertaciji, prikazani su novi algoritmi za određivanje tačne i pouzdane aproksimacije minimalnog Geršgorinovog skupa.</p>

This thesis describes methods of reconstruction of 3D scenes from photographs and videos using the Structure from motion approach. A new software capable of automatic reconstruction of point clouds and polygonal models from common images and videos was implemented based on these methods. The software uses variety of existing and custom solutions and clearly links them into one easily executable application. The reconstruction consists of feature point detection, pairwise matching, Bundle adjustment, stereoscopic algorithms and polygon model creation from point cloud using PCL library. Program is based on Bundler and PMVS. Poisson surface reconstruction algorithm, as well as simple triangulation and own reconstruction method based on plane segmentation were used for polygonal model creation.

In Stetigfördersystemen mit Gleitketten treten Schwingungen auf, die zu Beeinträchtigungen des Materialflusses führen können. Dazu zählen u. a. Kippen oder Rutschen der Fördergüter oder die Schädigung der Förderkette durch schwellende Belastung. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Analyse und Simulation der auftretenden Schwingungen, mit dem Ziel, ein Simulationsmodell zu entwickeln, welches die dynamischen Effekte in einer Kunststoff-Gleitkette abbilden kann. Einführend werden Gleitkettenfördersysteme analysiert und die Anregungsursachen, die in dem System zu Schwingungen führen, betrachtet. Die Eigenfrequenz ist eine maßgebliche Größe des Schwingungsverhaltens. Deshalb werden mehrere Ansätze zur Berechnung der Eigenfrequenzen einer Gleitkette aufgestellt und deren Zweckmäßigkeit überprüft. Anschließend erfolgt die Erstellung eines Mehrkörper-Simulationsmodells, mit dem neben den Eigenfrequenzen auch die Amplitudenverläufe der Beschleunigung sowie der Kettenzugkraft berechnet werden können. Weiterhin wird aufgrund des viskoelastischen Materialverhaltens der Kunststoffkette ein geeignetes Materialmodell ermittelt und dessen Parameter über eine Optimierungsrechnung bestimmt. Nach der Validierung des Eigenfrequenz- und des Simulationsmodells an einer Versuchsförderanlage erfolgt eine Parameteranalyse, mit der die Auswirkungen der relevanten Einflussgrößen auf das dynamische Verhalten am Beispiel des Versuchsfördersystems eruiert werden. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen zur Reduzierung von Schwingungen in Gleitkettenfördersystemen gegeben. / In continuous conveyor systems occur vibrations which can lead to impairments of material flow. These includes tilting or slipping of transported material as well as damage to the conveyor chain due to swelling stress. The present thesis is concerned with the analysis and simulation of occurring vibrations with the aim of developing a simulation model which can depict the dynamic effects in a plastic slide chain. Introductorily, conveyor systems with sliding chains are analyzed and causes of excitation are examined, which lead to vibrations in the system. The natural frequency is a significant variable of vibration behavior. Therefore, several approaches for calculating the natural frequencies of a sliding chain are compiled and their suitability is reviewed. A multi-body simulation model is built which can be used to calculate amplitude curves of acceleration and chain traction force besides the natural frequencies. Due to the viscoelastic material behavior of plastic chains, a suitable material model is defined and its parameters are determined via an optimization calculation. After validating the natural frequency and the simulation model at a test conveyor, a parameter analysis is carried out with which effects of relevant influencing variables on the dynamic behavior are determined. Finally, recommendations are given for reducing vibrations in sliding chain conveyor systems.

VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ The purpose of this work is to design and implement a computer system, which should be used for simplification of a polygonal models in 3D space. The system should be allowed to reduce a given number of geometrical primitives from source object. User should have impact to the reducing process by selecting a method, size of target object etc. System uses 3DS file format for model loading and saving. Reader should understand principles of the polygon reduction and used algorithms.

3D printing applications have achieved increased success as an additive manufacturing (AM) process. Micro-structure of mechanical/biological materials present design challenges owing to the resolution of 3D printers and material properties/composition. Biological materials are complex in structure and composition. Efforts have been made by 3D printer manufacturers to provide materials with varying physical, mechanical and chemical properties, to handle simple to complex applications. As 3D printing is finding more medical applications, we expect future uses in areas such as hip replacement - where smoothness of the femoral head is important to reduce friction that can cause a lot of pain to a patient. The issue of print resolution plays a vital role due to staircase effect. In some practical applications where 3D printing is intended to produce replacement parts with joints with movable parts, low resolution printing results in fused joints when the joint clearance is intended to be very small. Various 3D printers are capable of print resolutions of up to 600dpi (dots per inch) as quoted in their datasheets. Although the above quoted level of detail can satisfy the micro-structure needs of a large set of biological/mechanical models under investigation, it is important to include the ability of a 3D slicing application to check that the printer can properly produce the feature with the smallest detail in a model. A way to perform this check would be the physical measurement of printed parts and comparison to expected results. Our work includes a method for using ray casting to detect features in the 3D CAD models whose sizes are below the minimum allowed by the printer resolution. The resolution validation method is tested using a few simple and complex 3D models. Our proposed method serves two purposes: (a) to assist CAD model designers in developing models whose printability is assured. This is achieved by warning or preventing the designer when they are about to perform shape operations that will lead to regions/features with sizes lower than that of the printer resolution; (b) to validate slicing outputs before generation of G-Codes to identify regions/features with sizes lower than the printer resolution.