One of the largest problems that stands before us is the quest to find sustainable alternatives to fossil-based materials. Fossil-based products can be found all around us in our society. This quest has forced us to look for new ways to build materials. Synthetic polymer materials have traditionally been produced from fossil-based starting materials however, in modern times studies regarding biobased superseders for the unsustainable starting materials has been conducted.  One of these new potential building blocks is ferulic acid (FA) that is an aromatic cinnamic acid. FA has previously been used as an antioxidant but since it in addition is aromatic, have more than two functional groups and contains a double bond between two carbons it holds a large potential for polymeric synthesis.  FA has been isolated from agricultural side streams such as sugar beet pulp, flax shives, wheat- and corn bran through enzymatic release and pressurised low-polarity water extraction (PLPW).  One of the largest areas of use regarding FA is the biological applications. It has been proven to be effective protection against UV-radiation which open up possible uses in the textile industry, cosmetics and skincare. FA has also shown biomedical properties such as antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticarcinogenic and antiviral properties among others.  Two of the most common polymerization methods are free radical- and step-wise polymerization. FA shows great promise for the possibility to polymerize through both these methods since it has a double bond and more than two functional groups. Polymer materials produced from FA has been done with step-wise polymerization. The polymers showed thermostable and possibly biodegradable properties. Free-radical polymerization requires a monomer with a sterically unhindered double bond and for that reason the FA must be modified in order to polymerize using free radicals. This modified monomer has been produced in a small laboratory scale and can in theory be polymerized through radical polymerization. / Ett av de största problemen som vi står inför i modern tid är hur vi ska ersätta material som är producerade från fossila bränslen. Dessa material finns överallt i vårt moderna samhälle och spelar en betydelserik roll i vår infrastruktur. Detta har tvingat oss att undersöka andra miljövänligare källor för att se om dessa kan ersätta de fossila. Polymera material är ett exempel på material som tidigare har haft en fossil bas. På grund av detta har dessa material och hur dem kan producerats undersökt för att se om det finns en alternativ biobaserad källa.  Ferulsyra är en aromatisk kanelsyra som är mest känd för att ha antioxidatiova egenskaper. Utöver detta innehåller ferulsyra en dubbelbindning mellan två kol och dessutom fler än två funktionella grupper vilket indikerar att den kan vara en möjlig monomer för polymersyntes.  Ferulsyra kan produceras från sidoströmmar från jordbruksindustrin så som till exemper sockerbetsmassa, linhår och vete, både genom enzymatiska reaktioner eller med hjälp av extraktion med ett lösningsmedel.  En av de största användningsområdena gällande ferulsyra är inom biologiska applikationer. Den kan bland annat användas som solskydd, både inom hudvårdsindustrin och som ytbeläggning i textilier. Ferulsyra har också uppvisat medicinska egenskaper som visar på att det kan användas mot allergier, inflammationer, diabetes, canser och virussjukdomar.  De två vanligaste metoderna för polymersyntes är fri radikalpolymerisation och stegvis polymerisation. Ferulsyra uppvisar stor potential för att kunna användas som monomer i båda metoderna då den innehåller en dubbelbindning mellan två kol och fler än två funktionella grupper. Syntes av ferulsyra genom stegvis polymerisation har genomförts. Resultatet var att de producerade materialen uppvisade termostabila och biologiskt nedbrytbara egenskaper. För att fri radikalpolymerisation ska vara möjligt med ferulsyra som monomer krävs det att dubbelbindningen inte är steriskt hindrad. Detta innebär att ferulsyra först måste modifieras innan polymerisationen är möjlig. Dessa modifieringar har genomförts på labbskala och den producerade monomeren är teoretiskt sätt möjlig att polymerisera genom fri radikalpolymerisation.

Crosslinking is an effective technique for increasing the salt rejection of water purification membranes and the selectivity of gas separation membranes. An abundance of monomers, telechelic oligomers, and novel polymers were synthesized for use as separation membranes. These materials were often imbued with crosslinking functionalities to increase their performance during testing at the University of Texas-Austin. Crosslinking of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) oligomers was studied systematically with regard to end-group functionality, polymer composition, and polymer hydrophilicity. Sulfonated bisphenol A based poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers were synthesized with reactive amine endgroups and further functionalized with a tetra-epoxy resin, acryloyl chloride, phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride. The reaction between amine terminated oligomers and a tetra-epoxy produced large, ductile membranes with gel fractions approaching 99%, the highest reported for crosslinked sulfonated polysulfone oligomers. This crosslinking reaction was studied by synthesizing two series of oligomers, one based on a bisphenol A monomer and the other based on a 4,4’-biphenol monomer. Both series were synthesized with 40, 50 and 60% degrees of sulfonation, so that hydrophilicity and composition could be studied with regard to water purification properties. All six oligomers were produced with a gel fraction exceeding 90%, and the membranes were evaluated at the University of Texas-Austin. The crosslinked oligomers demonstrated relatively constant salt rejection across a range of hydrophilicity values, which proved that crosslinking restricted the large amount of swelling that non-crosslinked sulfonated polysulfones undergo. The crosslinked oligomers had the best water purification properties reported for sulfonated polysulfone, with similar water permeabilities and an order of magnitude higher selectivity (Pw/Ps = 1.69 ± 0.13 x 103) than analogous linear copolymers (Pw/Ps = 3.67 ± 0.53 x 102). An additional series of linear sulfonated copolymers were also synthesized based upon a hydroquinone bisphenol, which also had superior water purification properties (1.06 ± 0.06 L μm m-2 h-1 bar-1, Pw/Ps = 2.44 ± 0.15 x 103) compared to previously synthesized linear copolymers. Poly(arylene ether)s were also investigated for use as gas separation membranes. A poly(arylene ether ketone) and poly(arylene ether sulfone) were both synthesized with moieties capable of oxidation and/or photocrosslinking through benzylic hydrogen abstraction by an excited ketone. The polymers produced tough, ductile films. Gas transport properties of the linear polymers and crosslinked polymer were compared. The O2 permeability of one exemplary non-crosslinked poly(arylene ether) was 2.8 Barrer, with an O2/N2 selectivity of 5.4. Following UV crosslinking, the O2 permeability decreased to 1.8 Barrer, and the O2/N2 selectivity increased to 6.2. / Ph. D.

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a great tool for synthesizing polyolefin materials with different topologies, including hyperbranched polymers—polymers with high degrees of branching and many end groups. However, hyperbranched polymer synthesis via ROMP is challenging due to multifunctional-monomer or multi-polymerization requirements. To simplify the synthesis of hyperbranched ROMP polymers, we developed a new synthetic approach: Self-condensing ROMP. The self-condensing ROMP approach involves a ROMP initiator modification to attach a ROMP-polymerizable group (a ROMP monomer), producing a ROMP "inimer" (initiator + monomer). The ROMP inimer initiates the polymerization and becomes a branching unit in the polymer structure, resulting in single-step hyperbranched polymer synthesis. The key challenge is controlling of this approach the ROMP initiator reactivity to avoid initiating polymerization during the ROMP inimer synthesis. Well-defined ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts are common ROMP initiators due to their high stability, reactivity, and functional group tolerance. Thus, we studied the olefin metathesis catalyst activation temperature to enable ROMP initiator-monomer coupling. Based on the catalyst activity, we designed and synthesized a series of ROMP inimers. Then, we synthesized hyperbranched polymers via self-condensing ROMP. The characterization of hyperbranched polymers indicated the effect of branching density on the physical properties of the polymer. This approach introduced a new class of olefin metathesis complexes, ROMP inimers, containing both the initiator and propagating center. This approach provides a way to synthesize hyperbranched polymers from any known ROMP monomers in a single step. This dissertation also includes the synthesis and characterization of a bimetallic Ru complex that could directly synthesize cyclic polyolefin. We also include the synthesis and characterization of copper-ruthenium bimetallic olefin metathesis catalysts. / Doctor of Philosophy / Hyperbranched polymers are a class of polymers having highly branching structures and functional end-groups, and presenting distinct physical and chemical properties compared with linear polymers. Hyperbranched polymers have been used for many applications including processing additives, cross-linkers, compatibilizers, and catalyst supports. Well-defined ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts enable the synthesis of materials with different topologies, functionalities, and chemical and physical properties via ring-opining metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Ligand modifications on ruthenium catalysts have been applied to improve the catalyst stability and reactivity. However, this dissertation modifies olefin metathesis catalysts to synthesize hyperbranched polymers in a single step. This dissertation illustrates catalyst functionalization with a ROMP monomer moiety to synthesize a ROMP inimer (inimer= initiator + monomer). The ROMP initiator—olefin metathesis catalyst—and ROMP monomer coupling produces an "inimer". The inimer can undergo self-condensing ROMP with a ROMP monomer addition to synthesize hyperbranched polymers. This approach introduced a new class of olefin metathesis complexes containing both the initiator and propagating center. This approach also provides a way to synthesize hyperbranched polymers from any known ROMP monomers in a single step.

Conjugated polymers comprise some of the most promising materials for new technologies such as organic field effect transistors, solar light harvesting technology and sensing devices. In spite of tremendous research initiatives in materials chemistry, the potential to optimize device performance and develop new technologies is remarkable. Understanding relationships between the structure of conjugated polymers and their electronic properties is critical to improving device performance. The design and synthesis of new materials which self-organize into ordered nanostructures creates opportunities to establish relationships between electronic properties and morphology or molecular packing. This thesis details our progress in the development of synthetic routes which provide access to new classes of conjugated polymers that contain dissimilar side chains that segregate or dissimilar conjugated blocks which phase separate, and summarizes our initial attempts to characterize these materials. Poly(1,4-phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) have been used in a variety of organic electronic applications, most notably as fluorescent sensors. Using traditional synthetic methods, asymmetrically disubstituted PPEs have irregular placement of side chains on the conjugated backbone. Herein, we establish the first synthetic route to an asymmetrically substituted regioregular PPEs. The initial PPEs in this study have different lengths of alkoxy side chains, and both regioregular and regiorandom analogs are synthesized and characterized for comparison. The design of amphiphilic structures provides additional opportunities for side chains to influence the molecular packing and electronic properties of conjugated polymers. A new class of regioregular, amphiphilic PPEs has been prepared bearing alkoxy and semifluoroalkoxy side chains, which have a tendency to phase separate. Fully conjugated block copolymers can provide access to interesting new morphologies as a result of phase separation of the conjugated blocks. In particular, donor-acceptor block copolymers that phase separate into electron rich and electron poor domains may be advantageous in organic electronic devices such as bulk heterojunction solar cells, of which the performance relies on precise control of the interface between electron donating and accepting materials. The availability of donor-acceptor block copolymers is limited, largely due to the challenges associated with synthesizing these materials. In this thesis, two new synthetic routes to donor-acceptor block copolymers are established. These methods both utilize the catalyst transfer condensation polymerization, which proceeds by a chain growth mechanism. The first example entails the synthesis of a monofunctionalized, telechelic poly(3-alkylthiophene) which can be coupled to electron accepting polymers in a subsequent reaction. The other method describes the first example of a one-pot synthesis of a donor-acceptor diblock copolymer. The methods of synthesis are described, and characterization of the block copolymers is reported.

The search for alternatives to oil-based monomers has sparked interest for scientists to focus on the use of renewable resources for energy production, for the synthesis of polymeric materials and in other areas. With the use of renewable resources, scientists face new challenges to first isolate interesting molecules and then to process them. Enzymes are nature’s own powerful catalysts and display a variety of activities. They regulate important functions in life. They can also be used for chemical synthesis due to their efficiency, selectivity and mild reaction conditions. The selectivity of the enzyme allows specific reactions enabling the design of building blocks for polymers. In the work presented here, a lipase (Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB)) was used to produce building blocks for polymers. An efficient route was developed to selectively process epoxy-functional fatty acids into resins with a variety of functional groups (maleimide, oxetane, thiol, methacrylate). These oligoester structures, based on epoxy fatty acids from birch bark and vegetable oils, could be selectively cured to form thermosets with tailored properties. The specificity of an esterase with acyl transfer activity from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) was altered by rational design. The produced variants increased the substrate scope and were then used to synthesize amides in water, where the wild type showed no conversion. A synthetic procedure was developed to form mixed dicarboxylic esters by selectively reacting only one side of divinyl adipate in order to introduce additional functional groups. / <p>QC 20170823</p>

Orientador: Maria Isabel Felisberti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T18:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trinca_RafaelBergamo_D.pdf: 7109183 bytes, checksum: 36f8cbad69a4e17b2adb60ccbc082e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese e a caracterização de poliuretanas segmentadas (SPUs), baseadas em macrodióis de baixa massa molar (2 kDa) ¿ poli(etileno glicol), poli(L-lactídeo) e poli(carbonato de trimetileno) (PEG, PLLA e PTMC, respecti- vamente) ¿ e diferentes diisocianatos (2,4-diisocianato-tolueno e 1,6-diisocianato-hexano, 2,4-TDI e HDI, respectivamente) e extensores de cadeia (1,4-butanodiol e ácido-2,2-bis(hidroximetil)-propanóico BDO e DMPA, respectivamente). Os macrodióis PLLA e PTMC foram sintetizados por polimerização por abertura de anel (ROP). As SPUs foram obtidas por uma rota de duas etapas: pré-polimerização dos macrodióis com diisocianatos e extensão de cadeia. Estudou-se os efeitos da razão mássica entre os macrodióis sobre as propriedades físico-químicas e morfológicas de SPUs mono, bi e tricomponentes baseadas em 2,4-TDI e BDO. Análises de ¹H NMR e GPC revelaram diferenças na reatividade dos macrodióis, que resultaram em diferenças de composição das SPUs em relação ao meio reacional e na distribuição de massa molar. Análises por DSC, DMTA, AFM e ensaios de intumescimento revelaram que as propriedades intrínsecas dos precursores foram combinadas e moduladas nas SPUs. A combinação dos três macrodióis resultou em SPUs com propriedades únicas, não encontradas nas SPUs binárias e monocomponentes. Os efeitos da natureza de diisocianatos e extensores de cadeia sobre as propriedades de SPUs ternárias também foram estudados. As SPUs baseadas em diisocianatos simétricos (HDI) apresentam temperatura de transição vítrea inferior aos baseados em 2,4-TDI, além disso, essas SPUs são semicristalinas, enquanto as baseadas em 2,4-TDI são essencialmente amorfas. A morfologia das SPUs, tipicamente de fase dispersa em uma matriz, é afetada pela proporção entre os macrodióis e pela natureza dos diisocianatos e dos extensores de cadeia. A capacidade das SPUs em intumescer em água é governada pelo teor de PEG e varia com a temperatura (SPUs termo-responsivas) enquanto as SPUs baseadas em DMPA apresentaram intumescimento dependente do pH do meio (SPUs responsivas ao pH). SPUs com menor teor de PEG e ricas em PLLA foram processadas pela técnica de eletrofiação, resultando em filmes nano fibrosos e porosos com propriedades elastoméricas / Abstract: This study aimed at the synthesis and characterization of segmented polyurethanes (SPUs), based on low molecular weight (2 kDa) macrodiols ¿ poly(ethylene glycol), poly(L-lactide) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PEG, PLLA and PTMC, respectively) - and different diisocyanates (2,4-diisocyanato-toluene and 1,6-diisocyanato-hexane, 2,4-TDI and HDI, respectively) and chain extenders (1,4-butanediol and 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl-propanoic acid, DMPA and BDO respectively). The PLLA and PTMC macrodiols were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The SPUs were obtained by a two-step route: synthesis of prepolymers from diisocyanates and macrodiols, followed by a chain extension step. The effects of the weight ratio of macrodiols on the physico-chemical and morphological properties of SPUs based on 2,4-TDI and BDO were studied. The ¹H NMR and GPC analysis revealed differences in reactivity of macrodióis, which resulted in differences in composition of the SPUs in relation to the reaction medium and in the molar mass distribution. Analysis by DSC, DMTA, AFM and swelling assays revealed that the intrinsic properties of the precursors were combined and modulated in SPUs. The combination of the three macrodiols results in SPUs with unique properties not found in binary and single component SPUs. The effects of the nature of the chain extenders and diisocyanates on the properties of ternary SPUs were also studied. The SPUs based on symmetrical diisocyanates (HDI) presents lower glass transition temperatures than those based on 2,4-TDI. Moreover, they are semi crystalline while SPUs based on 2,4-TDI are essentially amorphous. The morphology of the SPUs, typically of a dispersed phase in a matrix, is affected by the macrodiols ratio and by the nature of diisocyanates and chain extenders. The water swelling capability of the SPUs is governed by the PEG content and varies with temperature (temperature responsive SPUs) as well as with pH (pH responsive SPUs) when BDO is replaced with DMPA. SPUs with low PEG content and rich in PLLA were processed by electrospinning technique, resulting in nanofibrous porous films with elastomeric properties / Doutorado / Físico-Química / Doutor em Ciências

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are a unique class of multifunctional materials synthesized by thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors. Due to their unique and excellent properties and flexible manufacturing capability, PDC is a promising technology to prepare ceramic fibers, coatings, composites and micro-sensors for high-temperature applications. However, the structure-property relationships of PDCs have not been well understood. The lack of such understandings drastically limited the further developments and applications of the materials. In this dissertation, the structure and properties of amorphous polymer-derived silicon carbonitride (SiCN) and silicoboron carbonitride (SiBCN) have been studied. The SiCN was obtained using commercially available polysilazane as pre-ceramic precursor, and the SiBCN ceramics with varied Si-to-B ratio were obtained from polyborosilazanes, which were synthesized by the hydroboration and dehydrocoupling reaction of borane and polysilazane. The structural evolution of polymer-derived SiCN and SiBCN ceramics from polymer to ceramics was investigated by NMR, FTIR, Raman, EPR, TG/DTA, and XRD. The results show a phaseseparation of amorphous matrix and a graphitization of “free” carbon phase, and suggest that the boron doping has a great influence on the structural evolution. The electric and dielectric properties of the SiCN and SiBCNs were studied by I-V curves, LCR Meter, and network analyzer. A new electronic conduction mechanism and structure model has been proposed to account for the relationships between the observed properties and microstructure of the materials. Furthermore, the SiBCN ceramics showed the improved dielectric properties at characterization iv temperature up to 1300 ºC, which allows the fabrication of ultrahigh-temperature wireless microsensors for extreme environments.

No description available.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’élaboration de matériaux polymères conjugués absorbants dans le proche infra-rouge. Il est issu du projet TAPIR financé par l’ANR dans lequel nous visons le développement de dispositifs d’interface Homme/Machine (IHM) pour des applications dans le secteur de la santé, afin de limiter la propagation des agents pathogènes. Les IHM étant contrôlées avec la main, sans contact, grâce à la réflectivité de la peau, (gamme spectrale 850-950 nm), il faut développer des matériaux absorbant dans cette gamme. Dans ce projet, notre rôle a été de synthétiser la partie active du photodétecteur infrarouge utilisé pour récupérer l’information. Une étude bibliographique et des calculs préliminaires ont permis une sélection judicieuse de différents monomères afin d’assurer une stabilité intrinsèque et obtenir les propriétés d’absorption requises. Différents monomères donneurs (D) et accepteurs (A) ont été combinés afin de synthétiser des copolymères alternés de types (D-A). Deux familles de copolymères absorbants dans le proche infrarouge ont ainsi été synthétisés Tous les copolymères ont été synthétisés via la polycondensation Stille. Leurs propriétés optiques, électroniques et leurs stabilités thermiques ont été étudiées. Par la suite, après avoir confirmé le rôle prépondérant de la force du monomère accepteur, par rapport à celle du donneur, sur les propriétés d’absorptions et les niveaux électroniques des différents copolymères obtenus, nous avons développé une approche originale très peu rapportée dans la littérature. Elle consiste en l’élaboration de copolymères de type (A-A). Ainsi, nous avons synthétisé six copolymères absorbants dans la gamme de longueurs d’onde souhaitée, et même au-delà. Enfin, certains copolymères ont pu être caractérisés en dispositifs OFET et photodétecteurs. / This thesis work focuses on the development of conjugated polymeric materials which absorb in the near infrared. It is the result of the TAPIR project funded by the ANR in which we aim to develop human-machine interface (HMI) devices for applications in the health sector, in order to limit the spread of pathogens. Since HMIs are controlled by hand, without contact, thanks to the reflectivity of the skin (spectral range 850-950 nm), it is necessary to develop materials which ansorb in this range. In this project, our role was to synthesize the active part of the infrared photodetector used to retrieve the information. A bibliographical study and preliminary calculations have allowed a judicious selection of different monomers to ensure intrinsic stability and obtain the required absorption properties. Different donor monomers (D) and acceptors (A) were combined to synthesize alternating copolymers of types (D-A). Two families of copolymers which absorb in the near infrared have been synthesized. All copolymers have been synthesized via Stille polycondensation. Their optical, electronic and thermal properties have been studied. Subsequently, after confirming the predominant role of the strength of the accepting monomer, compared to that of the donor, on the absorption properties and electronic levels of the various copolymers obtained, we developed an original approach that has been reported very rarely in the literature. It consists of the production of copolymers of the type (A-A). Thus, we have synthesized six copolymers which absorb in the desired wavelength range, and even beyond. Finally, some copolymers have been characterized as OFET devices and photodetectors.

Les moisissures sont des biocontaminants courants des environnements intérieurs causant la biodégradation des matériaux qu'ils colonisent et favorisant l'apparition de diverses pathologies, notamment respiratoires telles que des allergies, des infections ou des toxi-infections.En raison de ces impacts, la maîtrise de la contamination fongique constitue une préoccupation majeure pour des secteurs aussi divers que les industries agro-alimentaires, pharmaceutiques, les hôpitaux ou encore les établissements patrimoniaux. Actuellement, les techniques utilisées pour surveiller ces environnements sensibles reposent sur la mesure de particules biologiques en suspension dans l'air émises après sporulation des moisissures. Afin de prévenir les effets de la prolifération de moisissures, le Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (CSTB) a développé un indice de contamination fongique basé sur la détection de Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) spécifiques émis dès le début de cette croissance microbienne avant même l'émission dans l'air de particules délétères (Moularat, Robine et al. 2008; Moularat, Robine et al. 2008). Cet outil, breveté en 2007 (Moularat 2007), a été employé lors de différentes campagnes de mesures dans l'habitat, les bureaux, les écoles, les crèches, les musées…(Moularat, Derbez et al. 2008; Joblin, Moularat et al. 2010; Moularat, Hulin et al. 2011; Hulin, Moularat et al. 2012). Depuis le CSTB a élaboré un prototype de balise de surveillance intégrant cet indice et constitué de capteurs gaz à base de Polymères Conducteurs Electroniques (PCE), en collaboration avec l'ESIEE Paris (l'Ecole d'Ingénieurs de la Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie de Paris) (pour la balise) et le Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI) (pour les PCE). Ainsi des capteurs à base de polypyrrole (PPy) et de Poly-(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène)-poly(styrènesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) ont permis de différencier un environnement contaminé d'un environnement sain. Si ces couches sensibles se sont montrées efficaces pour la détection par l'identification d'une empreinte globale de COV d'origine fongique, elles ne s'avèrent pas encore suffisamment sélectives pour réaliser l'identification de chaque COV, indispensable pour le calcul de l'indice.Dans le cadre de la surveillance de la qualité microbiologique de l'air des environnements intérieurs, cette thèse a pour ambition de prolonger ces travaux en étudiant les mécanismes d'interaction entre COV et PCE en vue de l'application au développement de micro-capteurs chimiques adaptés à la mesure in situ. Cette recherche implique à la fois l'optimisation de la sensibilité et de la sélectivité de ces polymères et le développement d'une matrice de capteurs.Le premier aspect de cette étude a consisté à synthétiser de nouveaux PCE, plus spécifiques sur la base de ceux identifiés comme pertinents lors de la thèse de Joblin en 2011. Ainsi, des polymères, à base de pyrrole fonctionnalisés en position 1 et 3, ont été synthétisés par voie électrochimique. Le PEDOT-PSS, polymère commercial (sous forme de suspension dans l'eau), a, quant-à-lui, été conditionné par différents traitements thermiques.Le second aspect a porté sur l'étude de l'influence de l'exposition des COV à ces PCE sur leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Ainsi, des caractérisations morphologiques, électrochimiques, optiques ainsi que la variation des propriétés de surface ont permis de mettre en évidence des interactions faibles, en général de type van der Waals ou par liaison hydrogène, entre COV et PCE.Enfin, le dernier aspect a porté sur l'étude expérimentale de la réponse des capteurs en contact avec différents COV issus ou non du métabolisme fongique. Cette dernière étape a permis de vérifier les hypothèses de mécanismes d'interaction. Par ailleurs, la spécificité de la matrice de capteurs vis-à-vis des composés fongiques a été démontrée. Cette matrice de capteurs a également permis d'obtenir des signatures spéci / Conducting polymers can be used as active materials of sensing devices that find application in different areas, such as quality control of products in industries such as food and beverage, cosmetics and solvents, in the monitoring of air quality for environmental and safety purposes, and as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of diseases. In spite of this, as a general rule, the details of the prevailing interactions of the volatile compounds and the polymer are not well understood. For this reason, we have focused the work of this thesis on the characterization of the interactions between vapors of volatile organic compounds and thin films of conducting polymers. These films, that were the active components of the sensors, were prepared atop of different geometry of interdigitated electrodes via electropolymerization, where several preparation parameters (such as doping agents nature and concentrations, monomer nature, thermal annealing) were observed to assure an homogeneous growth of the polymeric film. Several characterizations such as electrochemical studies, AFM observations and UV-VIS-NIR spectra studies were used to obtain detailed information about the interaction mechanisms between VOC and conducting polymers. We have also measured the contact angle of water, formamide and diiodomethane deposited on the surface of the polymeric films to evaluate surface free energy (and its acid-base and dispersive components). The selectivity and sensitivity of the polymeric sensors when exposed to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have shown to be dependent not only of the properties of the analyzed VOC but also on the nature of the counter-ion used to dope the polypyrrole film. As a final conclusion, we can say that as a result of this work it becomes possible to optimize the design of an arrangement of sensors such that both a better sensitivity and a better selectivity sensitivity to a given chemical environment can be achieved.