• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 26
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 34
  • 34
  • 12
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Phase behavior of diblock copolymers under an external electric field /

Lin, Chin-Yet, January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-121).
32

An experimental and numerical analysis of the exit flow in a slit die for polymer melts

Read, Michael David January 1986 (has links)
A slit die has been constructed to use both flow birefringence and direct pressure measurements to study the extrapolated exit pressure (Px) and the exit pressure theory used to evaluate the magnitude of the primary normal stress difference (N1) from the value of the exit pressure. Flow birefringence is used to directly assess the principal assumptions in the exit pressure theory and to evaluate the magnitude of Px from an expression derived from the macroscopic momentum balance equation. The effect of stress field rearrangement upstream of the die exit plane on the value of the exit pressure was then evaluated using flow birefringence data. The effect of stress field rearrangement was also shown to affect the pressure drop ΔP/ΔL in the exit region of the die and the pressure distribution from the centerline of the slit to the die wall. To complement the experimental investigation, a mixed penalty method finite element simulation of the die swell problem was performed using the White-Metzner and upper-convected Maxwell constitutive equations. The flow birefringence experiments were performed for a polystyrene (Styron 678), LDPE (NPE 952), and HDPE (LY600-00) melts for the following shear rate (γ̇) and wall shear stress (σw) 0.05 ≤ γ̇w ≤ 3.2 s⁻¹ and 4.84 ≤ σw ≤ 16.4 KPa. It was found that the flow in the die exit region is not a unidirectional shear flow, which is direct violation of the assumptions in the exit pressure theory. Normal stresses generated by an elongational flow field were observed along the slit centerline and in the region adjacent to the die walls. Also, shear stress contributions due to stress field rearrangement evaluated using an expression obtained from a macroscopic momentum balance, comprise over 50% of the magnitude of the calculated exit pressure. The numerically calculated stress field was in good agreement with the results of the flow birefringence results. Convergence for the numerical technique was limited to Deborah numbers of 0.61 for the White-Metzner model and 0.75 for the upper-convected Maxwell constitutive equation. / Ph. D.
33

The flow stability of linear low-density polyethlene at polymer and metal interfaces

Moynihan, Randall H. 13 July 2007 (has links)
The role of the single component instability of surface melt fracture on the interface behavior in stratified bicomponent flow has been examined. First, the factors and conditions leading to the onset of surface melt fracture in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) were identified using fluoro-elastomer (FE) as a blending additive and as a die coating in two visualization dies. A visualization die was constructed so that subsequent experiments examining the joining flow behavior of two stratified flows could be examined. Experiments were conducted in the joining flow die over a range of upstream conditions corresponding to surface melt fracture behavior and the resulting flow birefringence patterns and the interface of the extrudate were examined. It was determined from the: single component studies that the role of FE in eliminating surface melt fracture behavior for LLDPE was to introduce slip at the melt/metal interface in the dies. Additionally, it was determined that the coupling of a critical stress with a critical acceleration of the melt as it exits the die, suggested by Kurtz [19], was an accurate description of the behavior observed experimentally. Under upstream conditions corresponding to surface melt fracture behavior, no irregular distortions were observed in the bicomponent interface. It was therefore concluded that the single component instability of surface melt fracture does not play a role in irregular distortions of the interface. Numerical simulations employing the Phan-Thien Tanner (PTT) constitutive model and the finite element method (FEM) were conducted to examine the influence of relaxation times and extensional viscosity on the developing flow region in joining flow die. Numerical predictions employing material constants fit to the rheological properties of LLDPE were compared with the ex- perimental results to establish the reliability of the numerical method. Qualitative agreement between the predictions and the experimental behavior was observed. However, the magnitude of the stresses predicted by the model were not quantitatively accurate. It was concluded that the numerical method was capable of predicting trends in behavior, but was not quantitatively accurate. Given this limitation, it was suggested by the results of the numerical studies that the relaxation behavior has a pronounced effect on the developing stress field, while the impact of the extensional viscosity is minimal. Simulations were also performed to evaluate the ‘stick-slip’ behavior of LLDPE. The results provided additional support to the supposition of the role of FE in eliminating surface melt fracture behavior in LLDPE. / Ph. D.
34

Contribution à l'étude de la structure semi-cristalline des polymères à chaînes semi-rigides

Amalou, Zhor 12 September 2006 (has links)
Les polymères semi-cristallins à chaînes semi-rigides, bien qu’abondamment utilisés dans la vie quotidienne, représentent des systèmes complexes qui ne sont pas encore parfaitement compris. Parmi les nombreux domaines de recherche sur cette famille de polymères, l’étude de la morphologie semi-cristalline et des processus de cristallisation et de fusion de ceux-ci restent des sujets très importants. L’investigation de la morphologie semi-cristalline est rendue difficile car elle présente une structure hiérarchique composée de plusieurs niveaux d’organisation, dont le plus petit est observable à une échelle très réduite de quelques nanomètres. De plus, les aspects liés à la cinétique des processus de cristallisation et de fusion n’ont pas toujours permis de bien les mettre en évidences, les rendant ainsi par très bien compris. Cependant, les nouvelles avancées technologiques dans le domaine de la physique expérimentales ont beaucoup profité à la science des polymères. <p>Dans ce travail, une contribution originale est apportée à cette étude, et cela en combinant diverses techniques expérimentales permettant des mesures calorifiques et structurales en températures et temps réels. L’intérêt c’est porté sur les polymères linéaires aromatiques tels que le polyéthylènes teréphthalate, PET, et le polytriméthylène téréphthalate, PTT, caractérisés par une température de transition vitreuse supérieure à l’ambiante ( Tg > 50°) et une température de fusion élevée (Tm>220°C), offrant ainsi une assez large gamme de température de cristallisation (Tm-Tg). L’étude de la structure semi-cristalline du PET à l’échelle du nanomètre et de la relaxation des phases amorphes présentes dans sa structure est facilitée par l’utilisation d’un diluant amorphe tel que le polyétherimide (PEI), qui forme un mélange miscible avec le PET. <p>L’utilisation de microscopie de force atomique AFM à haute température a permis d’observer la cristallisation isotherme de PET en temps réel et de décrire ainsi la cristallisation secondaire comme un processus d'épaississement des piles lamellaires. De plus, l’analyse de la structure semi-cristalline du PET et du PTT, dans l’espace direct, sont en faveur d’un modèle structural homogène, où l’épaisseur lamellaire moyenne est légèrement inférieure à l’épaisseur moyenne des régions amorphes interlamellaires. Ces résultats ont permis, d’une part, d’apporter une meilleure interprétation aux données obtenues par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles (SAXS), et d’autre part, d’ interpréter le comportement de fusion multiple caractéristique des polymères semi-cristallin à chaînes semi-rigides par le seul processus de fusion-recristallisation. Dans l’étude investiguée sur les mélanges PET/PEI et sur le PTT pur, on montre que la cinétique d’un tel processus est particulièrement rapide comparée à la cristallisation. De plus, les observations par AFM et par microscopie optique de même que les mesures SAXS en temps réel ont montré la simultanéité et la compétition existant entre la fusion des cristaux et leur réorganisation durant la chauffe. Par ailleurs, la relaxation des régions amorphes interlamellaires, souvent considérées comme rigides, a pu être mise en évidence par les mesures AFM et SAXS réalisées à haute température sur des échantillons de PET/PEI semi-cristallins.<p> / Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Page generated in 0.2836 seconds