This thesis examines how the fortunes of poets and the status of poetry were changing at the end of the sixteenth century in Portugal. Centring on the long-neglected verse epistles in Diogo Bernardes's 'O Lima' (1596), I re-evaluate our sense of what it meant to be a poet when writing verse was not a sure-fire way to earn a living and when lyric poetry was regularly lampooned as trifling and immoral. Bernardes's surprisingly forthright cartas, I argue, offer new insights into the protagonists and procedures of literary patronage in Portugal. I use a combination of close readings and sociological methods to illuminate the practical strategies and rhetorical brinkmanship that Bernardes deployed in his quest for favour and highlight the frustrations and moral dilemmas of seeking the support of powerful, but fickle, patrons. Bernardes was a particularly remarkable writer for having printed his verse during his lifetime, and so I also trace how lyric verse was slowly legitimated as a cultural product during the sixteenth century and offer a case study of how an author's reputation was forged in the collaborative enterprise of print, then re-formed by the work of readers, thereby shedding light on the complex mechanisms of early modern canon formation. Paradoxically, I demonstrate that unequivocal praise of a writer's work can harm, rather than help, their chances of remaining in the canon. Although Bernardes's work is an echo chamber for these deep reverberations from the broader history of literature, this thesis also listens closely to Bernardes's distinctive poetic voice and allows it to speak out. Playful, candid, mercurial, it is a poetic voice that here seeks a wider audience.

Portuguese global expansion was initiated by the capture of Cueta in 1415. Voyages of discovery along the West African coast ensued, resulting in the conquest and colonisation of the N’Dongo Kingdom. This dissertation comprises an archaeological survey of the Lusitanian Empire in the Republic of Angola. The Portuguese first established a settlement at Luanda in 1576, after which they set forth into the interior, following the Kwanza River upstream. The strategy for conquest was to take possession of the river with the objective to control the indigenous population, subjugate the N’gola, and, ultimately, to reach the silver mines at Cambambe. Various settlements developed along the margins of the river with associated forts and churches. Fortifications dominated the landscape while the churches expressed religious idealism. Social contact between the Mbundu people and the Portuguese at the colonial frontier is discussed. Post-colonial theory is used as the research methodology. / Anthropology and Archaeology / M. A. (Archaeology)

Portuguese global expansion was initiated by the capture of Cueta in 1415. Voyages of discovery along the West African coast ensued, resulting in the conquest and colonisation of the N’Dongo Kingdom. This dissertation comprises an archaeological survey of the Lusitanian Empire in the Republic of Angola. The Portuguese first established a settlement at Luanda in 1576, after which they set forth into the interior, following the Kwanza River upstream. The strategy for conquest was to take possession of the river with the objective to control the indigenous population, subjugate the N’gola, and, ultimately, to reach the silver mines at Cambambe. Various settlements developed along the margins of the river with associated forts and churches. Fortifications dominated the landscape while the churches expressed religious idealism. Social contact between the Mbundu people and the Portuguese at the colonial frontier is discussed. Post-colonial theory is used as the research methodology. / Anthropology and Archaeology / M. A. (Archaeology)

Orientador: Paulo Miceli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T03:45:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_CamilaFernandade_M.pdf: 1111417 bytes, checksum: f585cdec7b39b0e1bbc57d4821952df7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nosso foco nesta dissertação está em perceber como são rompidas, continuadas ou transformadas as tradições de pensamento do final do século XV e início do XVI na obra O Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis, de Duarte Pacheco Pereira. Para tanto, fizemos uso de conceitos como revolução científica, paradigmas e ciência normal, tais como definidos por Thomas Kuhn, para entendermos como o autor do Esmeraldo possa ter subvertido formas de pensar que se encontravam então latentes na mentalidade portuguesa do momento que estudamos. Dividimos nosso trabalho em três partes. Na primeira discutimos o que era ciência no período proposto e também a definição de paradigma segundo o encaminhamento teórico de Thomas Kuhn, assim como a relação da universidade portuguesa com as navegações. No segundo capítulo buscamos compreender se O Esmeraldo de Situ Obis expressou o sintoma de uma crise de paradigmas vigentes na época de sua escrita e qual postura Pacheco adotou em relação às autoridades clássicas no que se refere ao modo como representaram o mundo físico em seus escritos. No terceiro capítulo analisamos duas formas de transposição da escrita, o manuscrito e o impresso, consideramos suas particularidades e fizemos um balanço acerca da impressão tardia do Esmeraldo no século XIX / Abstract: Our focus in this dissertation is to understand how the traditions of thought from the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries in the book Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis, of Duarte Pacheco Pereira are broken, continued or converted. For this purpose, we use concepts such as scientific revolution, paradigm and normal science, as defined by Thomas Kuhn, to understand how the Esmeraldo's author might have subverted the manners of thinking which were then in course in the Portuguese mentality of the moment we have studied. We divided our work into three parts. At first, we discuss what science was in the period studied and we have also discussed the definition of paradigm according to the Thomas Kuhn's theory, as well as the Portuguese university's relationship with the navigations. In the second chapter we seek to understand whether the Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis expressed the symptom of a crisis of paradigms at the time of its writing and which posture was adopted by Pacheco in relation to classical authorities in order to conceive the physical world. In the third chapter we examine two forms of transposition of writing, the manuscript and the impress, we have considered its particularities and made a balance about the Esmeraldo's late impression in the Nineteenth Century / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História