University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Portuguese

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Portuguese

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Portuguese

Cette thèse est la continuation d’un travail, qui a pour objectif d’expliquer le phénomène des emprunts et leurs adaptations phonologiques. La recherche se fonde sur la consultation du journal brésilien du XIXème siècle ‘A Gazetinha’, où l’on trouve un grand nombre de mots français. Ainsi, nous partons d’un corpus écrit, ce qui nous a conduit à réfléchir sur le rôle de l’orthographe dans le résultat de l’adaptation. Notre recherche dans la littérature sur les emprunts, nous a permis d’isoler deux aspects : les adaptations phonologiques des mots français en portugais et la frontière entre l’étymologie et les emprunts. Ce travail contribue à la description de la langue portugaise et de sa phonologie à partir des processus d’adaptation d’emprunts français, et, en outre, à la description des vocabulaires du portugais européen et du portugais brésilien à partir de leurs dictionnaires étymologiques et monolingues. Nos hypothèses fondamentales sont que l’orthographe et la connaissance du français ont un rôle dans le processus d’adaptation ; les locuteurs portugais et les brésiliens peuvent adapter différemment des mots français ; les vocabulaires européen et brésilien peuvent présenter des différences en ce qui concerne les mots d’origine française. Notre méthodologie pour vérifier les adaptations phonologiques consiste en l’application d’un test basé sur l’article The influence of orthography on loanword adaptations, de Vendelin et Peperkamp (2006). Le test a été adapté à notre sujet et appliqué aux locuteurs brésiliens ainsi qu’aux portugais afin de comparer les résultats. Nous envisageons dans notre travail six phonèmes français précis. Les résultats du test sur les adaptations phonologiques révèlent qu’il n’y a pas de différence de choix d’adaptation entre les locuteurs européens et les brésiliens au niveau phonologique. Les adaptations sont toujours vers la langue d’accueil, le portugais. Cependant, l’orthographe et la connaissance du français semblent liées comme facteurs agissants dans le processus quand le locuteur en a besoin. Les subtiles différences d’adaptations n’apparaissent qu’au niveau phonétique, en obéissant aux phénomènes de la langue portugaise. A propos du deuxième aspect de cette recherche- la frontière entre l’étymologie et les emprunts-, nous utilisons comme méthode la consultation de dictionnaires étymologiques et monolingues du portugais pour établir un cadre de discussion où sont comparées leurs informations sur l’origine des mots. Après une analyse de donnés, nous vérifions que les informations sont assez contrastées pour empêcher une lecture facile, qu’on soit linguiste ou non. Notre conclusion est que les dictionnaires ne sont pas une ressource de recherche aux informations incontestables et que d’autres études et réflexions sont encore nécessaires. / The main objective of this thesis is to understand the phenomenon of loanwords and their phonological adaptations. The research was based on consulting the Brazilian newspaper of the nineteenth century 'A Gazetinha', whose use of French words is common. Thus, we start with a written corpus, which makes us think about the role of orthography in loanword adaptations. After our research in the literature about loanwords, we focused on two aspects: the phonological adaptation of French words in Portuguese and the link between etymology and loanwords. This work contributes to the description of the Portuguese lexicon and its phonology from the process of adaptation of French loans. In addition, we contribute to the description of Portuguese vocabulary from their etymological dictionaries and monolingual. Our assumptions are that the orthography and knowledge of French play a role in the adaptation process; Portuguese and Brazilian speakers may show differences to adapt the French words; European and Brazilian vocabulary may show differences related with words of French origin. Our methodology for assessing the phonological adaptation involves the application of a test based on the article The influence of orthography on loanwords adaptations of Vendelin & Peperkamp (2006). The test has been adapted to our subject and applied to Brazilian and Portuguese speakers to compare the results. We analyze six French phonemes in this work. The test results on phonological adaptations show that there is no difference in choice of adaptation between European and Brazilian speakers at the phonological level. Adaptations are always to the target language, Portuguese. However, orthography and knowledge of French appear to be related and active factors in the process when the speaker is needed. The subtle differences in adaptation are only on the phonetic level, obeying the phenomena of Portuguese.Concerning the second aspect studied- the relation between etymology and loanwords-, we use as a research method the consultation of etymological and monolingual dictionaries of Portuguese to establish a framework for discussion comparing their information about the origins of words. After a data analysis, we verify that the information is quite contrasting, which prevents easy reading to any reader, not just to linguists. Our conclusion is that dictionaries are not a source of research with compelling information and other studies and discussions are still needed.

‘Of Bellies and Books' refers to pregnancy and formal education, constructed as mutually exclusive processes. This thesis explores that opposition by tracing the confluence of discourses through which it is produced. In so doing, it dissolves dichotomies and proposes a shift to the subject as both constituted by and constituting of discourses. Both academic research and global and national social policy construct teenage pregnancy as problematic. This is heightened in development contexts, where in-school pregnancy triggers Malthusian fears of overpopulation and consequential poverty increase. Conversely, formal education and training are represented as a means to personal development and success, through acquiring knowledge and skills leading to formal employment and individual empowerment. In this sense, schooling is constructed as a symbol of - or entrance to - modernity, while pregnancy and parenthood are defined in terms of the opportunities they prevent. From this perspective, in-school pregnancy works against individual and social progress and is synonymous with backwardness and tradition within a modernising and globalised world. Exploring in-school pregnancy in this thesis becomes a means through which to revoke the binary symbolised by tradition and modernity which produces a deficit view of the pregnant schoolgirl. Within this context, the study has been driven by the following research questions: · How do education policy and practice frame in-school pregnancy in Mozambique? · How do families interpret and regulate in-school pregnancy? · How do young people – young women – navigate the available discourses in the performance of their identities? Stimulated by a desire to explore the national policy tackling in-school pregnancy indicating that pregnant schoolgirls should be transferred to night courses, the empirical data collection took place within 10 months in and around the capital Maputo. It entailed documentary analysis, interviews with 10 Ministry of Education officials, 20 school teachers and 33 young people (25 girls and 8 men/boys) in and out of education. Through the generation and analysis of data, I develop a nuanced interpretation of the discourses that construct and regulate in-school pregnancy within schools and families. Within the institutional space of schools, a textual analysis of the policy shows how language borrowed from the biomedical and legal fields is directed towards the production of in-school pregnancy as unwanted, unplanned and ultimately ‘wrong'. This normalises the difference between pregnant and non-pregnant schoolgirls, producing transfer to night courses as a rational strategy to tackle in-school pregnancy. Although understood as a means to bridge the gender gap in education by tackling one of the main causes of female dropout, the current policy acts de facto as a highway to dropout, thereby reproducing gender exclusion. Within families, pregnancy initiates the complex procedure of family formation by drawing on the mutually exclusive categories of childhood and adulthood and symbolising the transition between the two. I contend that these two spaces, schools and families, often associated by research participants with modernity and tradition respectively, are not stable and homogenous constructs, but offer shifting and contingent sets of norms which are both conflicting and intersecting. By engaging with young people's narratives, I argue that pregnant schoolgirls, while being constructed by discursive norms, also resist and react to them. At school, young pregnant females enact a number of strategies to resist transfer to night courses. At home, they resist family formation and find ways to combine their multiple identities. By drawing on this, I ultimately contend that young pregnant schoolgirls navigate different regulatory frameworks in the production of their identities. This means that the itineraries they construct in crossing boundaries within normative frameworks constitute their identities and reposition them as travellers.

Percebendo a grande importância do elemento mouro na cultura portuguesa e destacando, ainda, a significância de se introduzir essa alteridade cultural e religiosa para se refletir sobre a imanência cultural, buscamos, nessa tese, analisar as diversas figurações dos mouros em obras literárias canônicas. Abarcamos, para isso, textos ficcionais de cunho histórico, centrando a atenção na obra literária de Alexandre Herculano, mas considerando, também, a origem lendária de tal tema e algumas de suas incidências mais significativas na contemporaneidade. / Perceiving the great importance of the moor element in Portuguese culture and emphasizing the significance of introducing this cultural and religious alterity in order to reflect about the cultural immanence, we search, in this thesis, to analyze the diverse figurations of the moors in canonical literary works. We used, for that, fictional texts of historical type, focusing the attention in the literary work of Alexandre Herculano, but also considering the legendary origin of this theme and some of its major significant coincidences in the contemporaneity.

This essay offers an English translation of Elementos de Musica e Methodo de Tocar Piano Forte (Elements of Music and Method of Playing the Piano-Forte), op. 19, by the Portuguese composer-pianist João Domingos Bomtempo (1775-1842). His method, the first of its kind written by a Portuguese national, was published in 1816 by Clementi & Co. in London. Bomtempo later rewrote his book, expanding its scope, but the second version survives only as an unfinished manuscript. My translation presents both versions of this instructional work in a single text, distinguishing the contents according to the two sources, with the aim of providing a comprehensive view of Bomtempo’s piano pedagogy. This is the first English translation of Bomtempo’s method. A short biography and critical notes regarding philological and musicological matters clarify ambiguities and contextualize this work within its historical period.

What is our relationship with nature? How do we represent nature in written text? The short stories that compose this book relate with how to address the interaction between mankind and the space it occupies on Earth. Cambió todo tanto offers different voices that tackle how human activity (precisely, industry) alter the physical realm. And how that alteration reciprocates in human behaviour and consciousness.

Orientador: Maria Lúcia Outeiro Fernandes / Banca: Ana Maria de Oliveira / Banca: Paola Poma / Banca: Jorge Cury / Banca: Guacira Marcondes Machado Leite / Resumo: A produção literária do poeta António Botto (1897-1959) conquistou a admiração e o respeito de notáveis poetas e ensaístas do início do século XX, como Fernando Pessoa e José Régio. A crítica literária portuguesa mais conservadora, entretanto, preferiu condenar a poesia de Botto ao limbo do cânone literário, em virtude do teor explicitamente homoerótico de suas canções. Discussões polêmicas foram travadas em jornais e revistas por estas facções, protagonistas de um dos capítulos mais vigorosos da história da crítica literária lusitana. Mais de cinquenta anos após a morte do poeta, a poesia de Botto continua a ganhar a atenção da crítica pela temática homoerótica, especialmente por parte dos Estudos Culturais e dos Queer Studies. O presente trabalho, sem desconsiderar a contribuição e a importância de tais estudos, debruça-se sobre o corpo poético da poesia de Botto, no sentido de investigar o movimento rítmico e o delineamento das imagens poéticas que configuram a encenação do desejo (homo) erótico. Pela perspectiva da teoria e da crítica literária, especialmente por meio da análise de poemas de Canções, ressaltam-se as qualidades estéticas dessa produção poética, que merece ser revisitada pela crítica contemporânea / Abstract: Antonio Botto's work won the admiration and respect of early twentieth century outstanding poets and essayists, such as Fernando Pessoa and José Régio. The more conservative Portuguese literary criticism, however, saw fit to condemn Botto's poetry into the limbo of literary canon, because the explicit homoerotic content of his Songs. Controversial debates were fought in newspapers and magazines by these factions, protagonists of one of the strongest chapters in the history of Portuguese literary criticism. More than fifty years after the poet's death, Botto's poetry continues to gain critical attention due to homoerotic theme, mainly on the part of Cultural Studies and queer studies. This work, without neglecting the contribution and the value of such studies, focuses on the body of Botto's poetry, to investigate the rhythmic movement and the construction of poetic images that shape the performance of (homo) erotic desire. From the perspective of theory and literary criticism, especially by analyzing the poems of Songs, we emphasize the aesthetic qualities of this poetic production that deserves to be revisited by contemporary criticism / Doutor

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Portuguese