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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeito de 37 semanas de exercício físico no controle postural e na funcionalidade de idosos ativos: comparação entre um programa para estabilidade e orientação postural e um programa não convencional de musculação / Effect of 37 weeks of physical exercise on postural control and functioning of active elderly: comparison between a program for stability and postural orientation and an unconventional bodybuilding program / Efecto de 37 semanas de ejercicio físico en el control postural y en la funcionalidad de adultos mayores: comparación entre un programa para la estabilidad y orientación posural y un programa no convencional de musculación

Jiménez, Alejandra María Franco 25 January 2018 (has links)
Submitted by ALEJANDRA MARIA FRANCO JIMENEZ null (alejafranco18@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-09T20:37:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEFESA.pdf: 2750892 bytes, checksum: 49bba61ca21a4f989851cadfb0dbf7b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-03-12T11:37:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jimenez_amf_dr_rcla.pdf: 2707158 bytes, checksum: 485f760f05e2a3129edaf4912f5306a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T11:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jimenez_amf_dr_rcla.pdf: 2707158 bytes, checksum: 485f760f05e2a3129edaf4912f5306a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-25 / Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AIUP) / Introdução: No envelhecimento, o sistema neuromuscular e somatossensorial são comprometidos, afetando o controle postural. Destacam-se alterações na orientação dos segmentos corporais, redução da força e da flexibilidade e diminuição no equilíbrio. Tais mudanças podem ser acentuadas ou prematuras decorrentes ao descondicionamento físico, as quais podem ser revertidas, retardadas ou atenuadas com a prática do exercício físico. Embora diversos tipos de intervenção tenham sido explorados e apresentem diversos benefícios para o controle postural, os efeitos de um programa que integre conteúdos da orientação e estabilidade postural e um programa não convencional de musculação não estão muito claros. Objetivo: Determinar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico para o controle postural (PCP) e de um programa de não convencional (PCM) nas variáveis: Estabilidade postural em condições combinadas de base de suporte e de informação visual, orientação postural e funcionalidade. Materiais e Método: Participaram do estudo 56 idosos distribuídos em 2 grupos, de acordo com a modalidade de exercício praticada, sendo que 33 conformaram o grupo PCP e 23 o grupo PCM. O desenho experimental incluiu avaliações em três momentos (pré-intervenção, pós1 e pós2). A estabilidade postural foi avaliada em base bipodal estável (BE) e instável (BI - uso da espuma), nas condições de olhos abertos e vendados, por meio de uma plataforma de força. A orientação postural no plano sagital por meio do Sistema de Avaliação Postural (SAPO). A funcionalidade através dos testes: Postural-locomotion-manual-PLM e Timed Up and Go-TUG. O nível de atividade física por meio do Questionário de Baecke Modificado para Idosos. As variáveis analisadas foram: área, velocidade média total (VMT) e Room Mean Square (RMS) do centro de pressão (CoP), ângulo quadril, orientação horizontal da pelve, e desempenho nos testes funcionais. O grupo PCP desenvolveu 7 componentes de treinamento: sistema sensorial, ginástica postural, resistência muscular, força rápida, flexibilidade, e, estabilidade e orientação postural aplicadas a AVDs e o grupo PCM 4: resistência muscular, agilidade, coordenação e equilíbrio. Ambos os programas tiveram duração de 37 semanas, frequência de 3 sessões semanais e 60 minutos de duração cada sessão. Resultados: Para a estabilidade em base instável e a funcionalidade, ambas intervenções tiveram maior efeito nas 16 semanas iniciais e uma redução nas seguintes 17 semanas. No entanto, essa redução não ultrapassou os valores da pré-intervenção. Especificamente foi observada diminuição da área, VMT e RMS do CoP em BI com supressão visual e diminuição no tempo do PLM e do TUG. Conclusão: As intervenções propostas após 37 semanas promoveram melhoras na estabilidade e funcionalidade. Tais melhoras podem estar relacionadas ao melhor processamento de informação proprioceptiva e vestibular, adaptações no sistema neuromuscular e mudanças nas estratégias motoras. Desta forma, as intervenções propostas parecem ser alternativas eficazes para a população idosa. / Introduction: In aging, the neuromuscular and somatosensory systems are compromised, affecting postural control (PC). Changes in the orientation of body segments, reduction of strength and flexibility, and a decrease in balance are highlighted. Such changes may be marked or premature due to physical deconditioning, which can be reversed, delayed or attenuated with the practice of physical exercise. Although several types of intervention have been explored and have several benefits for CP, the effects of a program that includes a content of orientation and postural stability and an unconventional resistance training program are not very clear. Objetive: To determine the effects of a physical exercise program for postural control (PPC) and a resistance training program (RTP) on the following variables: Postural stability in combined support base conditions and visual information, postural orientation, and functionality. Materials and methods: Fifty-six elderly people were distributed in 2 groups according to the exercise modality participated in the study, of which 33 were the PPC group and 23 were the RTP group. The experimental design included evaluations at three moments (preintervention, post 1, and post 2). Postural stability was evaluated on a stable bipodal base (SB) and unstable (UB –foam floor), under the open-eyed conditions, through of a force platform. The postural orientation in the sagittal plane through the Postural Evaluation System (PES). The functionality through the tests: Posturallocomotion- manual (PLM) and Timed Up and Go (TUG). The level of physical activity through the Modified Baecke Questionnaire for the Elderly. The variables analyzed were: area, total mean velocity (TMV) and Room Mean Square (RMS) of the pressure center (CoP), hip angle, horizontal pelvic orientation, and performance in functional tests. The PPC group developed 7 training components: sensory system, postural gymnastics, muscular resistance, rapid force, flexibility, stability and postural orientation applied to daily living activities and the RTP group 4: muscular resistance, agility, coordination and balance. Both programs had duration of 37 weeks, frequency of 3 weekly sessions and 60 minutes duration each session. Results: For stability on unstable basis and functionality, both interventions had a greater effect in the initial 16 weeks and a reduction in the following 17 weeks. However, this reduction did not exceed the pre-intervention values. Specifically, decreased area, TMV and RMS of CoP in UB with visual suppression and decrease in PLM and TUG time were observed. Conclusion: The proposed interventions promoted improvements in stability and functionality. Such improvements may be associated with better processing of proprioceptive and vestibular information, adaptations in the neuromuscular system and changes in motor strategies. In this way, the proposed interventions seem to be effective alternatives for the elderly population.
2

Infantiele koliek en suig -, sluk - en asemhalingskoördinasie by jong babas

Degenaar, M.J. (Hanlie) January 2014 (has links)
Introduction and rationale: Clinical experience with infants presenting with feeding difficulties and increasing referrals of infants with colic led to this study. There is uncertainty whether the speechlanguage therapist should play a role in the management of this condition. Despite extensive clinical research into the multiple factors related to the condition, the etiology of infantile colic has not yet been established. Suck- swallow-breathing coordination (SSBC), which is key to successful feeding, has not yet been investigated as a factor in this condition. Goals: The goal of the study was to give a comprehensive description of the symptoms and the SSBC of a group of young infants with colic. Sub-goal 1 was to compile a list of symptoms based on a description by parents of infants with infantile colic, which could be used to compare symptoms of a group of infants with the condition to a group without the condition. Sub-goal 2 was to describe SSBC, in a group of infants with the condition, by conducting a clinical assessment. Sub-goal 3 was to compare SSBC in a group of infants with colic to a group without the condition of the same age. Method: A descriptive survey design and interview guide was used in Phase 1. The parents of 60 infants with colic participated in this study. A correlation research design (Phase 2) and the List of symptoms for Infantile Colic (compiled in Phase 1) as well as the Assessment Protocol for SSBC (compiled in Phase 2) were used. A new research group of 50 participants with infantile colic and a control group of 28 participants with the condition, whose ages correlated with those of the research group, was selected. An interview was conducted with the parents of all participants. SSBC was clinically assessed in all the participants. Results: Parental description of infantile colic resulted in a comprehensive list of 27 symptoms. Audible swallowing of air and a feeding duration of more than 20 minutes were described more by parents than found in the literature. Statistically significant differences were found when the postural control and SSBC of the research group were compared with the control group. The difficulties with SSBC differed across the age categories of the participants. Conclusion: The study indicated that infantile colic is related to a disturbance in postural control and components of SSBC, and infants with the condition have subtle feeding difficulties. The speech-language therapist therefore has a role to play in the clinical assessment of infantile colic and the development of treatment strategies. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA / Unrestricted
3

Quantitative analysis and biomechanical modeling of the balance alteration during aging / Analyse quantitative et modélisation biomécanique de l’altération de l’équilibre durant le vieillissement

Amabile, Celia 27 September 2016 (has links)
Le vieillissement de la population mondiale amène à se poser la question : comment bien vieillir ? La chute de personnes âgées est connue pour être le point de départ d’un cercle vicieux conduisant trop souvent à la perte d’autonomie avec un réel coût de prise en charge pour la société et le patient. La chute est la conséquence de la perte d’un équilibre efficace et économe en énergie, résultant d’une synergie entre le squelette, les muscles et les capacités cognitives. L’objectif de cette thèse est de rechercher les premiers signes d’un vieillissement pathologique afin de repérer, en amont, les personnes à risque. La première partie présente la caractérisation de l’alignement postural d’adultes jeunes et vieillissants, par l’analyse de reconstructions 3D du squelette obtenues à partir de radiographies bi-planaires. Elle permet d’identifier un invariant et des stratégies de compensation chez les sujets vieillissants. La deuxième partie s’intéresse au système musculaire via la reconstruction 3D de muscles à partir d’images IRM, pour des adultes jeunes et vieillissants avec déformations rachidiennes. Elle permet de mettre en évidence des changements musculaires en lien avec l’altération de la posture. La dernière partie de cette thèse aborde l’adaptation et la personnalisation d’un modèle biomécanique musculo-squelettique calculant les efforts résultants au niveau inter-vertébral. Une boucle de contrôle vise à limiter ces efforts en activant les muscles requis. L’utilisation de la géométrie 3D personnalisée dans ce modèle, ouvre à la voie à une compréhension fine des mécanismes de compensation se produisant au cours du vieillissement, normal ou pathologique. Cette partie révèle l’influence de l’altération de la posture sur le pattern de recrutement musculaire. Cette thèse met en évidence des altérations au cours du vieillissement, ce qui pourrait ouvrir la voie à l’identification de biomarqueurs permettant une meilleure prise en charge en amont des personnes vieillissantes à risque. / Aging of the global population challenges scientific community in finding ways to live longer, but also in better condition. Falling of the elderly is known to be the start of a vicious cycle leading to loss of autonomy, involving great costs for the society as well as for the patient. Falling is the consequence of the loss of an efficient balance involving skeleton, muscles and cognitive capacities. The objective of this PhD was to search for early changes leading to pathological aging, in order to detect people at risk. The first part reports the characterization of the postural alignment, of both young and older asymptomatic adults, from 3D reconstruction of their skeleton based on bi-planar X-rays. An invariant was found and compensatory strategies have been identified for aging adults. The second part focuses on the 3D reconstructions of the muscles, based on MRI images, both for young adults and older adults with spinal deformities. This part identifies muscular changes in relation with postural alterations. The last part of this PhD tackles the adjustment and personalization of a biomechanical musculo-skeletal model computing the resulting load in the inter-vertebral joint. The control loop approach of the model aims to limit these loads by activating appropriate muscles. The use of 3D personalized geometry as input of the model allows a better understanding of specific compensatory mechanisms occurring during aging or pathological evolution. This part reveals the influence of the postural alteration on the muscular recruitment pattern. This PhD brings to light aging alterations of the skeleton and muscles; this could lead to biomarkers’ identification allowing a better identification of aging people at risk.

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