Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka sexuella relationer och mötet mellan man och kvinna i Charles Bukowskis författarskap med fokus på den självbiografiske protagonisten Henry Chinaski i romanerna Postverket och Kvinnor. I analysen undersöker uppsatsen tre aspekter av mötet mellan man och kvinna: Det initierande mötet, det fysiska mötet och vad vi kallar kärlek. Uppsatsen utgår främst från Yvonne Hirdmans genusteorier och diskuterar tabun om särhållandet mellan manligt och kvinnligt. Genom att undersöka den manliga normen samt manlig och kvinnlig sexualitet appliceras dessa sedan genom närläsning av de bägge verken. Trots att protagonisten ständigt bekräftar den manliga normen dras slutsatsen att Bukowski i sitt författarskap utmanar det sexuella maktsystemet. Han visar på kvinnliga karaktärer som tar för sig och initierar till sexuella relationer i en tid där deras sexualitet fortfarande var tabubelagd. / This thesis examines sexual relations and the meeting between man and woman in Charles Bukowski’s authorship through the autobiographic protagonist Henry Chinaski in the novels Post Office and Women. The focus of the analysis is based on three aspects of the meeting: The initial meeting, the physical meeting and finally, love. Furthermore, the thesis discusses the taboo of dissociation between masculinity and femininity with focus on Yvonne Hirdman’s gender studies theories. By examining the male norm in addition to male and female sexuality these theories are applied to the novels by using a close reading method. In conclusion, the thesis finally declasres that, although the male norm is confirmed bythe protagonist, Bukowski challenges, and criticizes the balance of power between thesexes. The female characters portrayed in the novels express their sexuality and initializesexual relationships in a time when women’s sexuality still was stigmatized.

This thesis examines the decision-making regarding market-orientation within specific types of Swedish state-owned enterprises, namely the Public Business Authorities (Affärsverk, PBAs), during a period of institutional upheaval in the 1980s. It specifically focuses on the leadership groups – director general and board – of the Energy PBA (Statens Vattenfallsverk), the Postal PBA (Postverket), and the Tele PBA (Televerket). The thesis adopts a theoretical framework that integrates the perspectives of varieties of capitalism and the attention-based view of the firm, which posits that firm behaviour is determined by where and how attention is directed within the organisation. The thesis delineates two distinct leadership strategies for addressing market-orientation: the deliberative institutional change strategy, characterised by consensus-building through negotiation using existing modes of strategic interaction, and the entrepreneurial institutional change strategy, characterised by leveraging existing modes of strategic interaction to transcend them and forge novel paths towards new modes of strategic interaction. The former was applied by the Postal and Energy PBAs, while the latter was applied by the Tele PBA.

Abstract Introduction: This master’s thesis examines how narrative development is socialized in Swedish letters and postcards to Santa Claus. The letters are from the previously unanalyzed archive collection Letters to Santa, and the years between 1960s and 1970s have been analyzed. A part of the collection consists of work materials and letters written to Santa Claus by Swedish children and adults. The collection was coordinated by the organizationPosttomten which was led by Elsa Holst.Method: The study uses a narrative and socialization analysis. Which is combined with an observation of the areas where the organization was active during the 1960s and 1970s. Analysis: The thesis has studied six volumes with Swedish letters and work materials from the 1960s and 1970s from Postmuseums archive, newspaper articles from the same time period, Posthuset on Skansen and Östra Varvsgatan 4 in Djurgårdsstaden Stockholm where the organization was active. This subjects have also beenobserved and discussed in the analysis. The theories narrative and socialization are used to explain how the sender perceives Santa Claus, what general rules they use in their letters, how they write to get in contact with him, how he is used by the organization, individuals, and other groups.Results: Why someone are using or want to contact Santa Claus depends on what they want to achieve. Adults want to help or learn thier child the basic structures and general rules to write a letter or a postcard to Santa Claus. This is a way for adults to keep the lie of Santa Claus alive for thier children. Some adults even thank the people behind Posttomten for thier work, in the letters. The child on the other hand. They write their letters or postcards to get Christmas presents. Tell him that they have been kind. Admiting mistakes and remind Santa Claus about their existence so that he does not forget them. The letters and postcards are also a way to get an answer if Santa really exists. Different groups also use Santa Claus in the media to improve their own reputation. For example the organization behind Posttomten and the Swedish Post Office use Santa Claus to tell everybody about thier own organization. For instance, to tell about what company they are, give proof that Santa Claus exists and to give the organization a better reputation. Conclusion: The letters and postcards, news articles, work materials and the two observations. They expose a narrative and socialization, that gives Santa Claus many different sides. For example where does he live? What is his name? What does he look like? His personality? These are important elements in making Santa to a real person when Posttomten and Santa Claus are perceived as the same person. The natural way is namely to give Elsa Holst the title as the real Santa Claus. This because she fits in the social expectation and ideal to the narrative that Santa Claus has been given. With the help from parents, the Swedish post office, media and teachers itbecomes possible to make the conclusion that they made it possible for everybody to discover that Santa Claus was Elsa Holst. The effect of knowing that Elsa Holst was Santa Claus made it easier for the organization to get assistance and a positive opinion about Santa Claus, When she died it becomes clear that the organization was depended on Elsa Holst too much. Because no one else was ready to take over the role as Santa Claus or the leadership in the organization all the work was ended. The Swedish post office took the control over Santa Claus. The result lead to a negative backlash in the Swedish community because the narrative, the ideals and the tradition did not fit in the Swedish post office organization. That could had been the end but it did not stop the organization and Posttomten to continue their work in a new place in the beginning of the 1980s. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival science.