Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an attempt to reduce the pH of juice and wine, different fertiliser applications and canopy management practices were evaluated in a field trial. Fertiliser treatments consisted of no, CaS04, Ca(OH)2, and MgS04 fertilisation. Canopy management was as follows: suckering (leaving only two shoots per bearer), tipping, vertical shoot positioning and removal of lateral shoots and yellow leaves in the bunch zone (Canopy 1); suckering (leaving three shoots per bearer), vertical shoot positioning as well as topping (Canopy 2); vertical shoot positioning and topping (Canopy 3). The field trial was conducted in the Paardeberg region on the farms Meerlus and Kersfontein. The vineyard at Meerlus was Cabernet franc/R99 with a high canopy density and a good root distribution, established on a sandy loam soil of granite origin, with a low subsoil pH and a high K content. The vineyard at Kersfontein was Cabemet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt with a lower canopy density and a less extensive root distribution, also established on a sandy loam soil of granite origin, but with a low top- and subsoil pH and a higher K content. Fertilisation had no significant influence on the K content of juice and wine. Fertilisation with Ca and Mg reduced the pH of juice significantly in the case of Meerlus. In contrast, Mg fertilisation increased the pH of juice significantly at Kersfontein. Lastly, fertilisation had no significant effect on the pH of the wine. The K content of the juice at Meerlus was significantly reduced by Canopy 3 in comparison with Canopy 1 and 2. However, in contrast with Canopy 1 and 3, Canopy 2 significantly increased the pH of juice at Meerlus. The K content of the juice at Kersfontein was significantly reduced by Canopy 1, compared to Canopy 2 and 3, with no significant effect on the pH of the juice. Canopy management had no significant effect on wine pH. It appears to be possible to reduce the pH of juice in the case of Cabernet franc/99R, situated on granite soils, by means of Ca and Mg fertilisation. Because Ca(OH)2 and MgS04 fertilisation increased the maturity of Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt grapes, it was impossible to evaluate the effect of fertilisation on the pH of juice at Kersfontein. The general phenomenon that a high canopy density results in a high pH of juice and wine, was not observed in this field trial. The possible reasons for this were the low canopy density of the control plots, as well as the difference in maturity between canopy management treatments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 'n poging om die pH van sap en wyn te verlaag, is die effek van verskillende bemesting- en lowerbestuursfaktore in 'n veldproef geêvalueer. Bemesting het bestaan uit geen, CaS04, Ca(OH)2 en MgS04 toediennings. Lowerbestuur was: suier tot twee lote per draer, tip, vertikale lootposisionering, verwydering van sylote en geel blare in trossone (Lower 1); suier tot drie lote per draer, top en vertikale lootposisionering (Lower 2); top en vertikale lootposisionering met geen suier nie (Lower 3). Die veldproef is op twee plase nl. Meerlus en Kersfontein, in die Paardeberg omgewing uitgevoer. Die wingerd by Meerlus was Cabernet franc/R99 met 'n hoë lowerdigtheid en goeie wortelverspreiding, wat op 'n sandleemgrond van graniet oorsprong met In lae ondergrond-pH en hoë K-inhoud gevestig is. Die wingerd by Kersfontein het bestaan uit Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt met 'n laer lowerdigtheid en swakker wortelverspreiding, wat op In sandleemgrond van graniet oorsprong met In deurgaans lae grond-pH en baie hoë K-inhoud gevestig is. Bemesting het geen betekenisvolle invloed op die K-inhoud van sap en wyn gehad nie. By Meerlus het Ca- en Mg-bemesting egter die pH van sap betekenisvol verlaag. In teenstelling hiermee het Mg-bemesting die sap-ph by Kersfontein betekenisvol verhoog. Bemesting het verder geen betekenisvolle invloed op die pH van wyn gehad nie. Lower 3 het die K-inhoud van sap by Meerlus betekenisvol verlaag in vergelyking met Lower 1 en Lower 2. By Kersfontein was die K-inhoud van sap by Lower 1 betekenisvollaer as by Lower 2 en Lower 3. Teenoor Lower 1 en Lower 3 het Lower 2 'n betekenisvol hoër sap-pH by Meerlus tot gevolg gehad. Lowerbehandelings het egter geen betekenisvolle invloed op die pH van wyn gehad nie. Die moontlikheid bestaan dus om die sap-pH van Cabernet franc/R99 op granietgrond betekenisvol m.b.v. Ca- en Mg-bemesting te verlaag. Aangesien Ca(OH)2- en MgS04- bemesting die rypheidsgraad van Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 Mgt se druiwe betekenisvol verhoog het, was dit onmoontlik om die effek van bemesting op sap-pH by Kersfontein te evalueer. Die algemene verskynsel dat 'n hoë lowerdigtheid tot hoë pH's in sap en wyn lei, is nie in die proef ondervind nie. Die lae lowerdigtheid van die kontrole persele en die verskil in rypheidsgraad tussen lowerbehandelings kan moontlik as rede hiervoor aangevoer word.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-10-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 foloni_jss_dr_botfca.pdf: 804895 bytes, checksum: eed8c0d64df6ac23a2b7d1aa9d626398 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a dinâmica do potássio no sistema solo-palha-planta, com a rotação das culturas milheto, soja e aveia preta conduzidas em semeadura direta, em função do manejo da adubação potássica ao longo de três anos agrícolas. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP, nos anos agrícolas de 2000/2001, 2001/2002 e 2002/2003. O solo foi classificado como Latossolo vermelho distroférrico de textura média (770 g kg-1 de areia, 210 g kg-1 de argila e 20 g kg-1 de silte). A área vinha sendo cultivada com soja em semeadura direta por um ano agrícola antes da instalação do experimento. No primeiro ano de condução do experimento, o milheto (Pennisetum glaucum, var. BN-2) foi semeado em Setembro/2000, sobre a palha de aveia preta (Avena strigosa). A adubação nesta semeadura foi de 20 kg ha-1 de P2O5 (Superfosfato Simples) e 15 kg ha-1 de N (Nitrocálcio). O milheto foi dessecado por ocasião da semeadura da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill, var. IAC-17), que foi semeada em Dezembro/2001, com 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5 . Em Abril/2001, fez-se a semeadura da aveia preta sem o uso de fertilizantes. A aveia preta foi dessecada na semeadura do milheto (Setembro/2001), que por sua vez foi dessecado na semeadura da soja (Dezembro/2001). As adubações do milheto e da soja foram as mesmas utilizadas no ano anterior. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, num esquema fatorial 4 x 4 ( 0, 30, 60 e 90 Kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados na semeadura do milheto x 0, 30, 60, 90 Kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados na semeadura da soja), constituindo 16 tratamentos, com quatro repetições. A palha da superfície do solo foi coletada na semeadura do milheto, na semeadura da soja, e aos 25, 50, 75 e 100 dias após a emergência da soja (DAE da soja), nos dois primeiros anos agrícolas. O solo foi coletado nas mesmas épocas de coleta... / The objective of this experiment was to study the potassium dynamics in no-tillage system, crop development and soybean yields, in different rates of potassic fertilization. The experiment was carried out in Fazenda Experimental Lageado in FCA/Unesp, in São Paulo state, Brazil, for 3 years. The soil was classified like Latossolo red distroférrico with medium texture (770 g kg-1 of sand, 210 g kg-1 of clay and 20 g kg-1 of silt ). The area had been cropped to soybean in no-tillage for one year before the experiment. In the first year, Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, var. BN-2) was planted in September, over black oat (Avena strigosa) straw, receiving 20 kg ha-1 of P2O5 (Simple super phosphate) and 15 kg ha-1 of N (Calcium Nitrate). earl millet was desiccated at the same time that soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill, var. IAC-17) was planted, in December/2001, using 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5. In Abril/2001, black oat was planted without fertilizers. Black oat was desiccated at the same time that Pearl millet was planted (September/2001), and was desiccated at the next soybean planting (December/2001). Pearl millet and soybean fertilizations were the same as those used in the previous year. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial design with randomized complete blocks (0, 30, 60 and 90 Kg ha-1 of K2O applied at Pearl millet planting x 0, 30, 60, 90 Kgha-1 of K2O applied to soybean), with four replications. The soil surface straw was collected at Pearl millet planting and at soybean planting, at 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after soybean emergence (DAE), in both years. Soil samples were taken at the same times as straw samplings, in the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep, in both years. Soybean shoots were collected at 25, 50, 75 and 100 DAE, in both years. Roots were sampled at 50 DAE, in the same depths as soil was sampled. At harvest yields were determined... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins / Coorientador: Manoel Evaristo Ferreira / Banca: Aparecida Conceição Boliani / Banca: Adriana de Castro Correia da Silva / Banca: Rita de Cássia Panizzi / Banca: Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz / Resumo: O plantio de abacaxi no Brasil é direcionado para o consumo in natura. Produzido principalmente no Norte e Nordeste, as variedades mais plantadas é o Pérola (com mais de 80% da área produzida) e o Smooth Cayenne. Este estudo evidenciou o efeito de diferentes densidades e doses de potássio na planta e no fruto de abacaxi Pérola em sistema irrigado, no Tocantins. O delineamento fez-se em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos principais constitui-se das doses de K (0, 8, 16 24 e 32 g planta - 1 de K2O) e os tratamentos secundários compostos das densidades de plantio que diferenciaram o espaçamento de plantas na mesma linha (30, 40, 50 e 60 cm). O plantio foi realizado em linhas duplas utilizando irrigação por gotejamento e as adubações de K executadas por fertirrigação. Avaliou- se a folha "D" do abacaxizeiro (comprimento, massa fresca da folha, composição mineral) e dos frutos (massa fresca com coroa, sem coroa e produtividade). Verificou-se que a folha "D" estava acima de 90 g e com mais de 100 cm, após 10 meses do plantio, estando apta a indução floral, concluindo-se que os tratamentos não interferiram no desenvolvimento do abacaxizeiro. Na avaliação química da folha "D", houve significância na concentração de K, conforme se aumentou a dose de K no solo. Assim, as doses de K influenciaram na massa fresca do fruto sem coroa. As diferentes densidades influenciaram na massa fresca do fruto com e sem coroa e na produtividade. Portant... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The pineapple planting in Brazil is destined for fresh consumption. Produced mainly in the North and Northeast, the most planted varieties is the Pérola (with over 80% of the area produced) and the Smooth Cayenne. This study showed the effect of different densities and potassium levels in plant and pineapple fruit (Pérola) in the irrigation system in the Tocantins. The project was done in blocks with parcels subdivided design with four replications. The main treatments are K doses (0, 8, 16 24 and 32 g plant - 1 K2O) and compound secondary treatments of population densities that differentiated the spacing between plants on the same line (30, 40, 50 and 60 cm). The seedlings were planted in double rows using drip irrigation and fertilization of K performed by fertigation. Was evaluated sheet "D" pineapple (length, fresh weight of leaf mineral composition) and fruit (fresh pasta with the crown without crown and productivity). It was found that the "D" sheet was above 90 g and over 100 cm after 10 months of planting, before floral induction, concluding that the treatments did not affect the development of pineapple. In the chemical evaluation of "D" sheet had a significant concentration of K with increasing dose of K in the soil. Thus, the amount of K influences the fresh weight of fruit without a crown. The different densities influenced the mass of fresh fruits with and without crown and productivity. Therefore, the range Pérola can be used for densification up to 41,000 plants ha-1 without altering the desired main characteristic as well as obtaining fruit above 1500 g using 8 g plant - 1of K2O fertigation / Doutor

Orientador: Ciro Antonio Rosolem / Banca: Leandro Borges Lemos / Banca: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol / Banca: Silvestre Bellettini / Banca: José Antonio Quaggio / Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a dinâmica do potássio no sistema solo-palha-planta, com a rotação das culturas milheto, soja e aveia preta conduzidas em semeadura direta, em função do manejo da adubação potássica ao longo de três anos agrícolas. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP, nos anos agrícolas de 2000/2001, 2001/2002 e 2002/2003. O solo foi classificado como Latossolo vermelho distroférrico de textura média (770 g kg-1 de areia, 210 g kg-1 de argila e 20 g kg-1 de silte). A área vinha sendo cultivada com soja em semeadura direta por um ano agrícola antes da instalação do experimento. No primeiro ano de condução do experimento, o milheto (Pennisetum glaucum, var. BN-2) foi semeado em Setembro/2000, sobre a palha de aveia preta (Avena strigosa). A adubação nesta semeadura foi de 20 kg ha-1 de P2O5 (Superfosfato Simples) e 15 kg ha-1 de N (Nitrocálcio). O milheto foi dessecado por ocasião da semeadura da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill, var. IAC-17), que foi semeada em Dezembro/2001, com 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5 . Em Abril/2001, fez-se a semeadura da aveia preta sem o uso de fertilizantes. A aveia preta foi dessecada na semeadura do milheto (Setembro/2001), que por sua vez foi dessecado na semeadura da soja (Dezembro/2001). As adubações do milheto e da soja foram as mesmas utilizadas no ano anterior. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, num esquema fatorial 4 x 4 ( 0, 30, 60 e 90 Kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados na semeadura do milheto x 0, 30, 60, 90 Kg ha-1 de K2O aplicados na semeadura da soja), constituindo 16 tratamentos, com quatro repetições. A palha da superfície do solo foi coletada na semeadura do milheto, na semeadura da soja, e aos 25, 50, 75 e 100 dias após a emergência da soja (DAE da soja), nos dois primeiros anos agrícolas. O solo foi coletado nas mesmas épocas de coleta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this experiment was to study the potassium dynamics in no-tillage system, crop development and soybean yields, in different rates of potassic fertilization. The experiment was carried out in Fazenda Experimental Lageado in FCA/Unesp, in São Paulo state, Brazil, for 3 years. The soil was classified like Latossolo red distroférrico with medium texture (770 g kg-1 of sand, 210 g kg-1 of clay and 20 g kg-1 of silt ). The area had been cropped to soybean in no-tillage for one year before the experiment. In the first year, Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, var. BN-2) was planted in September, over black oat (Avena strigosa) straw, receiving 20 kg ha-1 of P2O5 (Simple super phosphate) and 15 kg ha-1 of N (Calcium Nitrate). earl millet was desiccated at the same time that soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill, var. IAC-17) was planted, in December/2001, using 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5. In Abril/2001, black oat was planted without fertilizers. Black oat was desiccated at the same time that Pearl millet was planted (September/2001), and was desiccated at the next soybean planting (December/2001). Pearl millet and soybean fertilizations were the same as those used in the previous year. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial design with randomized complete blocks (0, 30, 60 and 90 Kg ha-1 of K2O applied at Pearl millet planting x 0, 30, 60, 90 Kgha-1 of K2O applied to soybean), with four replications. The soil surface straw was collected at Pearl millet planting and at soybean planting, at 25, 50, 75 and 100 days after soybean emergence (DAE), in both years. Soil samples were taken at the same times as straw samplings, in the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm deep, in both years. Soybean shoots were collected at 25, 50, 75 and 100 DAE, in both years. Roots were sampled at 50 DAE, in the same depths as soil was sampled. At harvest yields were determined... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-05-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zoca_sm_me_botfca.pdf: 788377 bytes, checksum: 4401184098c735dfc2400f9bbe8ce950 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de café, com uma produção estimada em 43,5 milhões de sacas beneficiadas na safra 2011, uma vez que, o processamento do café gera grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos, e também, esses resíduos podem proporcionar problemas ambientais, torna-se de grande importância o estudo de alternativas de utilização desses materiais, sendo assim, objetivou-se nesse experimento caracterizar cinco tipos de resíduos do benefício de café e avaliar seu valor como fertilizante potássico, estudando a liberação do nutriente. O experimento foi realizado em colunas com solo, em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Botucatu (SP). Foi utilizada a camada superficial (0-20 cm) de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura média. Os materiais estudados foram cinco tipos de resíduos do benefício de café, sendo eles, a casca do café cereja despolpado, casca do café “boia” separado no lavador, casca do café “natural” seco em coco sem passagem pelo lavador, casca de café um ano compostada e casca de café enriquecida e compostada por três anos. Os resíduos foram aplicadas sobre o solo das colunas em quatro doses baseadas no teor total de potássio de cada material com testemunhas sem e com aplicação de fertilizante potássico mineral em quantidade equivalente à 300 kg ha-1 de K2O. O experimento foi conduzido pelo período de 10 meses. A água percolada foi coletada semanalmente e foram analisados pH, condutividade elétrica e K. Ao término do ensaio foram coletadas amostras de solo e analisados os teores de K nas diferentes profundidades do solo das colunas. Paralelamente ao ensaio foram confeccionados sacos de nylon para avaliar as alterações dos cinco tipos de resíduos do benefício de café utilizando o método do litterbag. Foram realizadas amostragens dos sacos... / Brazil is the world’s largest coffee producer. The estimated production in 2011 was 2.6 million tons of coffee beans, since the coffee processing generates large amounts of solid waste, and also, these residues can provide environmental problems, the study of coffee processing residues has great social, economic and environmental importance. The aim of the experiment was characterize five types of coffee processing residues and assess its value as a potassium fertilizer, studying the nutrient release. The experiment was carried out in columns with soil in a greenhouse at Agricultural Sciences College – UNESP - Botucatu – SP. The surface layer (0-20 cm) of a medium texture of an Oxisol was used. Five types of coffee processing residues were studied, which were the coffee cherry husk, the “float” coffee husk, the natural coffee husk, one year composted coffee husk and three years enriched and composted coffee husk. Four rates of residues were applied on the column’s considering the total potassium content and two controls with and without mineral potassium were used. The experiment was conducted for 10 months. The leached was collected every week and pH, K, and EC was analyzed. Soil samples were collected in the end of the period and K was analyzed in four layers. In parallel were made litterbags to assess the changes of the five types of coffee processing residues during the 10 months. The husks were sampled at 15, 45, 90, 150, 210 and 300 days. The samples were analyzed to total potassium, water soluble potassium, total... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

In Mediterranean-type climates, topsoil frequently dries out during spring. Problems associated with reduced nutrient (P, K) availability in dry topsoil may be overcome by placing fertilisers deeper in the soil, where the soil is more likely to remain moist for longer periods as opposed to conventional fertiliser placement. Deep-P placement has resulted in significant yield improvements for lupin crops in Mediterranean environments because lupin crops generally require soil P supply during spring (throughout the flowering stage); in contrast, wheat yields have seldom improved with deep P placement, presumably because plants have accumulated sufficient P prior to spring (grain filling stage) for maximum grain yields. The P and K accumulation patterns of canola had not been investigated, and therefore any potential yield benefits of deep placed fertilisers were unknown. This study aimed to define the P and K demands of canola throughout the growing season, and assess the viability of deep placement of fertiliser in matching soil P and K supply to crop demand. The study further investigated the impact of deep placement of P fertiliser on root growth and distribution throughout the soil profile. Initial glasshouse studies compared the P and K accumulation patterns of several canola cultivars with wheat, and found that the P and K demand of canola continued until later into the season than wheat, but there was little difference in the P and K accumulation patterns of the various canola cultivars. Further experiments in sand culture determined that regardless of the level of K supply, canola plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering. Under high P supply, canola plants had accumulated enough P for maximum seed yields by early flowering, but when P supply during vegetative growth was just adequate, plants required a continual P supply until mid silique-filling to attain maximum yields. Because plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering (therefore topsoil drying in spring was unlikely to affect yields), further field experiments examined only deep placement of P fertiliser to improve P uptake and yields.

Resumo: O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de café, com uma produção estimada em 43,5 milhões de sacas beneficiadas na safra 2011, uma vez que, o processamento do café gera grandes quantidades de resíduos sólidos, e também, esses resíduos podem proporcionar problemas ambientais, torna-se de grande importância o estudo de alternativas de utilização desses materiais, sendo assim, objetivou-se nesse experimento caracterizar cinco tipos de resíduos do benefício de café e avaliar seu valor como fertilizante potássico, estudando a liberação do nutriente. O experimento foi realizado em colunas com solo, em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Botucatu (SP). Foi utilizada a camada superficial (0-20 cm) de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura média. Os materiais estudados foram cinco tipos de resíduos do benefício de café, sendo eles, a casca do café cereja despolpado, casca do café "boia" separado no lavador, casca do café "natural" seco em coco sem passagem pelo lavador, casca de café um ano compostada e casca de café enriquecida e compostada por três anos. Os resíduos foram aplicadas sobre o solo das colunas em quatro doses baseadas no teor total de potássio de cada material com testemunhas sem e com aplicação de fertilizante potássico mineral em quantidade equivalente à 300 kg ha-1 de K2O. O experimento foi conduzido pelo período de 10 meses. A água percolada foi coletada semanalmente e foram analisados pH, condutividade elétrica e K. Ao término do ensaio foram coletadas amostras de solo e analisados os teores de K nas diferentes profundidades do solo das colunas. Paralelamente ao ensaio foram confeccionados sacos de nylon para avaliar as alterações dos cinco tipos de resíduos do benefício de café utilizando o método do litterbag. Foram realizadas amostragens dos sacos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer. The estimated production in 2011 was 2.6 million tons of coffee beans, since the coffee processing generates large amounts of solid waste, and also, these residues can provide environmental problems, the study of coffee processing residues has great social, economic and environmental importance. The aim of the experiment was characterize five types of coffee processing residues and assess its value as a potassium fertilizer, studying the nutrient release. The experiment was carried out in columns with soil in a greenhouse at Agricultural Sciences College - UNESP - Botucatu - SP. The surface layer (0-20 cm) of a medium texture of an Oxisol was used. Five types of coffee processing residues were studied, which were the coffee cherry husk, the "float" coffee husk, the natural coffee husk, one year composted coffee husk and three years enriched and composted coffee husk. Four rates of residues were applied on the column's considering the total potassium content and two controls with and without mineral potassium were used. The experiment was conducted for 10 months. The leached was collected every week and pH, K, and EC was analyzed. Soil samples were collected in the end of the period and K was analyzed in four layers. In parallel were made litterbags to assess the changes of the five types of coffee processing residues during the 10 months. The husks were sampled at 15, 45, 90, 150, 210 and 300 days. The samples were analyzed to total potassium, water soluble potassium, total... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Ciro Antonio Rosolem / Coorientador: Chad Penn / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas / Banca: José Antonio Quaggio / Mestre

Au Québec, la pomme de terre est cultivée sur des sols sableux favorisant les pertes par lixiviation de l’azote et du potassium. Selon le principe de réactions d’échanges cationiques, on a supposé que les doses et les sources d'azote puissent avoir un impact sur la lixiviation du potassium. Ainsi, une expérience a été menée, pendant trois années, dans un champ de pomme. Le dispositif expérimental est un bloc complet aléatoire de quatre répétitions constitué de 10 traitements qui sont un factoriel de trois sources d'azote (nitrate d’ammonium, sulfate d’ammonium et un engrais à libération lente) et trois doses (120, 200 et 280 kg N ha⁻¹) avec un traitement témoin. Des lysimètres ont été installés pour récupérer la solution du sol et doser sa concentration en potassium aux deux semaines. Les résultats ont révélé un effet non significatif de la source et de la dose de l'azote sur la lixiviation du potassium. Un modèle d’évolution de la lixiviation de potassium est obtenu pour aider les producteurs à mieux fractionner leurs engrais potassiques. Le bilan partiel de K montre une lixiviation nette pour les parcelles qui ont reçu une fertilisation azotée mais pas pour le témoin.

Baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is considered to be the one of the extremely nutritious vegetables, rich both in phytochemicals and core nutrients. Nowadays, phytochemicals in plants are raising interest in consumers for their roles in the maintenance of human health. Variation in content of bioactive compounds and core nutrients is the main concern in vegetable production. Factors such as cultural practices specially fertilization, may affect the nutritional and medicinal properties of the plants Therefore, three parallel trials for NPK to investigate the response of baby spinach leaves to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on chemical composition were conducted, with treatments arranged as follows: 0, 45, 75, 105, 120 kg·ha-1 N and P and 0, 60, 85, 106, 127, 148 kg·ha-1 K in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results demonstrated that, application of nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers significantly increased the total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content and vitamin C while magnesium, iron, zinc and selenium did not exhibit significant response to all treatments applied. The increase in concentrations on total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoid content and vitamin C was observed, reaching maximum at 45 kg·ha-1 N, 75 kg·ha-1 P and 85 kg·ha-1 K. The optimum rates of 45 kg·ha-1 N, 75 kg·ha-1 P, 85 kg·ha−1 K were then used to formulate the NPK treatment combinations as follows: 0, 30: 30: 40, 45:45:60, 60:60:70, 75:75:90 kg·ha-1, arranged in a RCBD with three replicates. The results showed that total phenolic content, total antioxidant activity , total flavonoid content and vitamin C reached maximum in baby spinach leaves at N45:P45:K60 kg·ha-1 / Agriculture,  Animal Health & Human Ecology / M.Sc. (Agriculture)