Spelling suggestions: "subject:"2potential"" "subject:"60potential""
321 |
A gravity model for trade between Vietnam and twenty-three European countriesThai, Tri Do January 2006 (has links)
This thesis examines the bilateral trade between Vietnam and twenty three European countries based on a gravity model and panel data for years 1993 to 2004. Estimates indicate that economic size, market size and real exchange rate of Vietnam and twenty three European countries play major role in bilateral trade between Vietnam and these countries. Distance and history, however, do not seem to drive the bilateral trade. The results of gravity model are also applied to calculate the trade potential between Vietnam and twenty three European countries. It shows that Vietnam’s trade with twenty three European countries has considerable room for growth.
|
322 |
The effect of pulping, bleaching, and refining operations on the electrokinetic properties of wood fiber fines.Goulet, Mike T. 01 January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
|
323 |
The Effect of Electrohydraulic Discharge on Flotation Deinking EfficiencyCarleton, James Richard 12 January 2005 (has links)
Firing an underwater spark discharge generates an expanding plasma which causes a spherical shockwave to propagate through the surrounding water. The shockwave can have many effects, including resonance effects on bubbles, mechanical destructive effects on solid surfaces and living organisms, and sonochemical oxidative effects on particles and chemical species present in the water.
This phenomenon has been shown to improve the efficiency of ink removal in a laboratory flotation deinking cell, while simultaneously decreasing fiber loss. These process improvements are attributed to the sonochemical oxidation of ink particle surfaces, caused by shockwave-induced cavitation. This finding is supported by zeta potential measurements. Sparking was found to reduce the zeta potential of ink particles by up to 20 mV.
When sparking was performed during deinking, no effect was found on either ink removal or solids loss. However, when the pulp was pretreated with sparking before flotation, a significant improvement was seen in the brightness gain. Further, fiber loss was decreased by up to 25% in a single flotation stage. The economics of this process are attractive; payback is on the order of three months based on fiber savings alone. Also, at about 1.5 kJ per spark, the power requirements are minimal with respect to the benefit derived.
|
324 |
Characteristics of carbony compounds from a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with dimethyl ether-diesel blendCheng, Yi-Jie 23 June 2011 (has links)
In this research, used dimethyl ether as second fuel blended with diesel (mixed quantity with 10 L/min to 60 L/min, interval 10L/min), which test behavior of diesel engine and carbonyls emission investigated. The engine operated at steady-state condition of 1600 rpm, 145 Nm torque , eight kinds of carbonyls were sampling and analysis, and discuss the performance of the ozone formation potential (OFP).
The results of regulated pollutant emissions, CO, THC and PM emission could increasing with the addition of DME, NOX emissions, along with the mixed rate of per minute from 10 L, 20 L, 30 L, 40 L, 50 L and 60 L of its reduction rate was 6.8%¡B8.3%¡B10.0%¡B10.6%¡B13.1% and 15.4%, shows that the DME can reduce NOX emissions.
Add a various amount of dimethyl ether , which carbonyl compounds emission from the gas flow 0 L(with neat diesel), 10 L, 20 L, 30 L, 40 L, 50 L and 60 L concentrations were 2507.44 g/m3, 2665.27 g/m3, 2726.67 g/m3, 2958.07 g/m3, 4645.87 g/m3, 5470.20 g/m3 and 7279.91 g/m3; the emission factor of 143.58 mg/bhp-hr, 152.65 mg/bhp-hr, 156.62 mg/bhp-hr, 168.69 mg/bhp-hr, 266.22 mg/bhp-hr, 312.38 mg/bhp-hr and 416.36 mg/bhp-hr, shows the addition of DME will rising the carbonyl compound emissions of diesel engine.
Gas of dimethyl ether (10,20,30,40,50 and 60 L/min) into the neat diesel fuel (0 L/min) as a mixture fuel additives, the effect of ozone formation potential as increase in the total ozone formation potential, 21945.93 g-O3/m3, 23698.40 g-O3/m3, 24427.46 g-O3/m3, 26672.98 g-O3/m3, 42683.69 g-O3/m3, 50519.26 g-O3/m3 and 67710.60 g-O3/m3 respectively, and ozone manufacturability will 0 L/min of 8.75 increased to 60 L/min of 9.30.
|
325 |
Velocity and temperature distributions of turbulent plane jet interaction with the nonlinear oppositive progressive gravity wave and ocean currentLi, Zong-Heng 03 August 2011 (has links)
The variation of velocity and temperature distribution in arbitrary profile along the centerline in turbulent which encounters non-linearity regular progressive gravity wave and steady uniform flow right in front are investigated analytically and verified by existing experiments. Firstly, the action of periodic waves and current are incorporated into the equation of motion as an external force and applied radiation stress for evaluating the velocity distribution over arbitrary lateral cross section. Based on the momentum exchange after the interaction between turbulent plane jet and oppositive non-linearity wave and uniform flow, the physical characteristics of jet-wave and current are able to be determined theoretically.
Secondly, there are critical sections in both velocity and temperature transport processes when the turbulent plane jet influenced by wave and current motion. Fluctuating function will be close to infinity, is the order of wave sharpness; Average velocity for every wave period along the centerline approach to zero, That¡¦s thanks to the momentum of plane jet is extruded by the momentum of wave and current, Beyond the critical section, characteristics of the jet is no longer existing, such phenomena mean that only the wave and current dominating. Velocity and temperature distribution in the zone of flow developed are Gaussian curve, as has been measured in experiment. The momentum extrusion of counter flow in jet is significant in the deep water and small wave; The velocity distribution coefficient is changing with the increasing of counter flow velocity, owing to the entrainment effect, and the potential core will reducing with the increasing of counter flow velocity.
|
326 |
Effects of isobutanol-diesel blend on carbonyl compounds characteristics in a heavy-duty diesel engineYang, Hau-Siang 29 June 2012 (has links)
This research conducted exhaust tests in an HDDE (heavy-duty diesel engine) using pure diesel fuel mixed with 10 to 30% isobutanol under the condition of U.S. Transient Cycle. Characteristics of 18 carbonyls emissions were investigated and compared with those using pure diesel.
Results showed that the brake power (BP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) were decreased with increasing isobutanol mixtures (10 to 30%). Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was increased for isubutanol ¡Ø 10%, but was decreased for isubutanol above 10%. The regulated emissions of CO, PM and NOx were decreased, but CO2 and THC were increased, due to variations of cetane number and heating value.
Total carbonyls emission concentrations with pure diesel fuel were 893.25 £gg/m3, with emission factors being 52.57 mg/bhp-hr or 218.44 mg/L-fuel. When 10 to 30% isobutanol mixture was added, total carbonyls concentrations ranged from 1108.21 to 2622.27 £gg/m3, with
emission factors being 268.83 to 610.94 mg/L-fuel, or 68.93 to 175.25
mg/bhp-hr. The ozone formation potential of diesel engine with pure
diesel fuel was 7132.72 g-O3/m3.When 10 to 30% isobutanol mixture was
used, total ozone formation potential ranged from 8764.39 to 20168.73
g-O3/m3. Total carbonyls emissions were increased with increasing
isobutanol contents.
In summary, addition 10% isobutanol was an optimal blend, since
both fuel saving and reductions of pollutant emissions can be achieved.
|
327 |
Sequence effects on the proton-transfer reaction of the guanine-cytosine base pair radical anion and cationYEH, SHU-WEN 16 July 2012 (has links)
The formation of base pair radical anions and cations is closely related to many fascinating research fields in biology and chemistry such as genetic mutation, radiation-induced DNA damage and dynamics of charge transfer in DNA. However, the relevant knowledge so far mainly comes from studies on isolated base pair radical anions and cations, and their behavior in the DNA environment is less understood. In this study, we focus on how the nucleobase sequence affects the properties of the guanine¡Vcytosine (G:C) base pair radical anion and cation. The energetic barrier and reaction energy for the proton transfer along the N1(G)¡VH¡E¡E¡EN3(C) hydrogen bond and the stability of (G:C)¡E (i.e., electron affinity and ionization potential of G:C) embedded in different sequences of base-pair trimer were evaluated using density functional theory and two-layer ONIOM method. The computational results demonstrated that the presence of neighboring base pairs has an important influence on the behavior of (G:C)¡E in the gas phase. The excess electron and positive hole were found to be localized on the embedded G:C and the charge leakage to neighboring base pairs was very minor in all of the investigated sequences. Accordingly, the sequence behavior of the proton transfer reaction and the stability of (G:C)¡E is chiefly governed by electrostatic interactions with adjacent base pairs. However, the effect of base stacking, due to its electrostatic nature, is severely screened upon hydration, and thus, the sequence dependence of the properties of (G:C)¡E in aqueous environment becomes relatively weak and less than that observed in the gas phase. The effect of geometry relaxation associated with neighboring base pairs as well as the possibility of proton transfer along the N2(G)¡VH¡E¡E¡EO2(C) channel have also been investigated. The implications of the present findings to the electron transport and radiation damage of DNA are discussed.
|
328 |
Design and Implementation of a Microcontroller-based Axon Emulator CircuitChen, Jing-yuan 15 August 2012 (has links)
In recent years, there has been significant research and development in the area of advanced circuits and systems for the recording of the electroneurogram (ENG) from peripheral nerve signals. This thesis presents an emulator of peripheral nerve for the testing of bio-potential recording systems under development reducing the need for early in vitro experiments and providing reproducible results. The emulator can be configured as an artificial nerve for ENG recording, which emulates the natural behavior of a nerve and provides an interface to the circuit under test. It is representative of a real nerve in terms of impedances, electrode voltages and action potential propagation characteristics as seen when recording from a nerve cuff electrode. Its dynamic behavior is controlled by a series of linked microcontrollers. The emulator provides different user selectable scenarios including single fiber action potential (SFAP), compound action potential propagation following stimulation (CAP), naturally occurring nerve traffic, and additional interference. This emulator circuit is designed using MATLAB and Cadence Spectre to perform circuit simulation. Measured results of the emulator based on a PCB including microcontrollers (PIC series, Microchip) are reported.
|
329 |
Thermomechanical modeling of a shape memory polymerGhosh, Pritha B. 15 May 2009 (has links)
The aim of this work is to demonstrate a Helmholtz potential based approach for
the development of the constitutive equations for a shape memory polymer undergoing
a thermomechanical cycle. The approach is motivated by the use of a simple spring-dashpot
type analogy and the resulting equations are classified as state-equations
and suitable kinetic equations for the recoverable-energy elements and the dissipative
elements in the model respectively. These elements have mechanical properties which
vary with temperature. The governing equations of the model are developed starting
from the basic conservation laws together with the laws of thermodynamics. The
entire set of equations are written in a state-evolution form as a set of ordinary
differential equations to be solved using Matlab. It is shown that the results of the
simulation in Matlab are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with experiments
performed on polyurethane. Subsequently, we study the dependence of the yield-stress
on temperature to be similar and different functions of heating or cooling processes.
|
330 |
Spectroscopic and ab initio studies on the conformations and vibrational spectra of selected cyclic and bicyclic moleculesAl-Saadi, Abdulaziz A. H. 15 May 2009 (has links)
The structure, potential energy functions and vibrational spectra of several cyclic
and bicyclic molecules have been investigated using several spectroscopic techniques
and high-level ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Laser induced
fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies were used to study the conformation of 2-
indanol in the electronic ground and excited states. These, along with detailed ab initio
calculations, confirmed the existence of four different stable conformations with the one
undergoing an intermolecular hydrogen bonding being the most stable. A theoretical
two-dimensional surface in terms of the ring-puckering and the hydroxyl group internal
rotation vibrations was constructed. This work was extended to obtain preliminary
insights on the conformations and ring-puckering frequencies of 3-cyclopenten-1-ol
using ab initio and DFT calculations.
Infrared and Raman spectra were also utilized to study the structures and
vibrational spectra of -crotonolactone and 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine (pyrindan). Ab initio results showed that -crotonolactone is rigidly planar in the electronic ground state
and has a nearly harmonic ring-puckering potential function. The calculated vibrational
levels were shown to be in very good agreement with the experimental ring-puckering
frequency from vapor-phase Raman observations.
The structures, vibrational spectra, and potential energy functions of several
cyclic molecules were reinvestigated using high-level ab initio computations, and
detailed vibrational analyses based on DFT-B3LYP calculated frequencies were also
carried out. A number of new insights were presented by re-evaluating the available
experimental data for several cyclopentenes, silacyclobutanes and silacyclopentenes. It
was found that the vibrational spectra of some deuterated cyclopentenes possess
extensive coupling between several ring modes and other low-frequency modes.
Reassignments of these spectra have been proposed. Frequencies from DFT-B3LYP
calculations showed very good agreement with the experimental values for
silacyclobutane and its derivatives. The presence of silicon and halogen atoms did not
affect the accuracy of the DFT calculations. In addition, the ring-puckering potential
energy function for silacyclopent-2-ene was studied and alternative assignments of the
far-infrared results were proposed. The new assignments are in good agreement with
computational results. Silacyclopent-2-ene and its -1,1-d2 isotopomer were shown to be
slightly puckered with barriers of less than 50 cm-1.
|
Page generated in 0.0749 seconds