Thesis (Ph.D. Management Systems)--University of Waikato, 2009. / Title from PDF cover (viewed April 23, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-323)

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-39).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-134).

This thesis investigates a new model of non-normative prediction that addresses the contribution of width of temporal perspective to intuitive prediction. Intuitive prediction is defined in this thesis as the non-normative prediction of other's behaviour. This new model of intuitive prediction is termed the Temporal Perspective Model (TPM). The notion of temporal perspective expands upon the understanding of intuitive prediction provided by several major social and cognitive theories of the judgement process. TPM asserts that utilisation of the triad of past temporal perspective, present temporal perspective and future temporal perspective increases accuracy of intuitive prediction in judgement contexts. Past and future temporal perspectives are used through the generation and rehearsal of both experience-acquired and novel, possible judgement strategies outside of the actual judgement context (GIOA). Present temporal perspective (PTP) plays a mediating role in the expression of the products of this process within the judgement context. TPM posits that the width of temporal perspective is influenced by perceptions of self-efficacy, which is associated with use of past and future perspectives in the generation of judgement strategies, and also by motivational style, which is associated with engagement of present temporal perspective. Five motivational styles and their associated affects are proposed as influences on present temporal perspective: aggressive motivation, conflict motivation, competitive motivation, cooperative motivation and competence motivation. The context in which TPM has been investigated is the sport environment. The subjects in this study were 118 ice-hockey officials from Vancouver's Lower Mainland. A two by two factorial design was utilised to investigate the major proposition that the temporal perspective model distinguishes individuals in terms of overall achievement in a judgement context. The overall achievement variable was the first principle component derived from an analysis of a set of nine items referring to achieved levels of officiating, number of games assigned and supervisor and peer commendations. This analysis demonstrated significant differences between levels of overall achievement on the following variables: a) engagement of past and future temporal perspectives outside of the judgement context; b) engagement of present temporal perspective within the judgement context; c) the motivational styles of cooperation and competence. Aggressive, conflict and competitive motivations did not significantly distinguish groups in terms of overall achievement. A second two by two design of past-future by present temporal perspective was implemented to investigate the mediation of past-future temporal perspectives by present temporal perspective on the dependent variable of intuitive prediction. The variable of intuitive prediction was the first principle component of an analysis performed on five items relating to peer reports of implementation of successful, creative or original solutions to game problems. This analysis yielded significant main effects for the first factor of past-future temporal perspective and for the second factor of present temporal perspective. A highly significant interaction was found between past-future temporal perspective and present temporal perspective on the dependent variable intuitive prediction. Correlational analyses revealed significant associations between present temporal perspective and motivational style. The results of this study have largely supported the validity of the constructs proposed in TPM. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

This study is an investigation of the performance of a discrete latent state model devised by Paulson (1982) to account for signed-number arithmetic test data gathered by Birenbaum and Tatsuoka (1980). One hundred twenty nine students took a test which consists of sixteen item types with four parallel arithmetic items of each type. The present study utilizes the five addition item types of four items each; hence, there are four parallel subtests. Responses to the addition items can be analyzed in terms of two components: the siqn component (is the sign correct?), and the absolute value component (is the size of the answer correct?). Paulson's model describes how students perform on the two components separately and how the component responses are related. This study examines the parallelism of the four subtests, in terms of equality of means, standard deviations, and correlations between all pairs of subtests. Decision consistency between subtests is another useful indicator of measurement reliability, particularly for tests of concept mastery. The model implies that the consistency between any two pairs of subtests should be equal; this implication is tested. The specific numerical values predicted by the model for the means, standard deviations, correlations, and decision consistency indices are tested against the corresponding observed statistics. All the analyses described so far are done separately for both the sign and the absolute value components of the responses. A method to synthesize overall correct response from estimated parameter values of two components is derived and tested against observed values. The results are that "parallel" items within item types are not all parallel and finer characterization would be needed to describe the items completely. However, the deviations from strict parallelism are slight. Paulson's model demonstrates good predictive ability; on both components and on the overall responses. Most of the deviations from the prediction can be attributed to not strictly parallel subtests and estimated parameter values not being the best possible estimates.

This is a study of thirty fifth-grade children and their parents to examine how accurately parents can predict the feeling reactions of their children in various situations. This focus on parent-child interactions regarding feelings has several implications for the field of Social Work.

The prediction and/or early identification of problems of the first grader are of concern of concern to educators, school psychologists, and those engaged in elementary school social work. Social and behavioral problems interfere with the child's ability to succeed in school and it is clear that if these difficulties could be anticipated early in the first grader's school experience there could be immediate intervention to enhance his chance for success.

No description available.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1995. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary objectives of the present research were to predict the quality of relationships of gay male couples, as well as those of the members of the couples, on the basis of chosen variables. These chosen variables were taken along an ecological framework, which took into account variables from a personal, psychological, interpersonal and social context. Five variables received wide coverage in the present research: The sexual behavioural status of the relationship, sex role self-concept, sex role behaviour, perceived social support from family and friends, and passing. Partner-homogamy was also an important variable in the present research. This resulted in differences in the chosen variables within couples being used to predict the quality of the relationships of gay male couples. A sample of 30 couples was obtained through advertisements in the local gay press. The sample comprised mostly middle and high-class whites who had been involved in well-functioning, long-lasting (:t 8 years) relationships and who had lived together. Each couple received by mail two identical sets of measuring instruments - one for each member of the couple - to complete independently from the other. The measuring instruments, which were all self-reporting scales, were the Biographical and Personal Questionnaire, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Bern Sex Role Inventory, the Shared Decision Making Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Being Known to Distant Others Scale, the Being Known to Significant Others Scale, and the Desire to Pass Scale. Results were obtained through statistical analysis with both the couples (N = 30) and the partners (N = 60) as the unit of analysis. When the respective results are viewed together, the most important correlates of the quality of relationships were an increase in the length of the relationship, a female self-concept among both partners, the viewing of shared decision making within the relationship, and overtly maintaining a gay lifestyle, together with partner-homogamy with regard to a female self-concept, perceived social support from friends, and the level of overtness concerning sexual preferences. Furthermore, it was important that psychological masculinity had to be vested in one member of the couple only. The most important predictors of the quality of well adjusted relationships were an increase in the length of the relationship, a female self-concept among both partners, the viewing of shared decision making in the relationship, little perceived social support from friends and family, and maintaining an overt gay lifestyle, together with the homogamy of partners towards perceived social support from friends, being known as gay to significant others, and the view of shared decision making in the relationship respectively. Furthermore, it was important that one of the members had to have previous experience of gay relationships. The greatest limitation of the present research was the small sample which resulted in low statistical power. The research has, however, made a contribution by shedding light on the functioning of gay male couples within the South African context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primere doelstellings van die huidige ondersoek was om die verhoudingskwaliteit van manlike gay pare, sowel as die van die paarlede, te voorspel aan die hand van sekere gekose veranderlikes. Die gekose veranderlikes is saamgevat binne 'n ekologiese raamwerk wat veranderlikes vanuit 'n persoonlike, sielkundige, interpersoonlike en sosiale konteks behels het. Veral vyf veranderlikes het wye dekking in die huidige ondersoek geniet, naamlik die seksuele gedragstatus van die. verhouding, geslagsrolselfkonsep, geslagsrolgedrag, waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van gesin en vriende, en verskansing. Ook paarlid-homogamie was 'n belangrike veranderlike in die huidige ondersoek, met die gevolg dat verskille in die gekose veranderlikes binne pare gebruik is as 'n verdere voorspelling van die verhoudingskwaliteit van manlike gay pare. 'n Steekproef van 30 pare is bekom deur middel van advertensies in die plaaslike gay pers. Die steekproef het hoofsaaklik uit middel- en hoeklas blankes bestaan wat in goed-funksionerende, samewonende verhoudings van hoe tydsduur (:f: 8 jaar) betrokke was. Elke paar het per pos twee identiese stelle meetinstrumente ontvang - een vir elke lid om in onafhanklikheid van sy maat te voltooi. Die meetinstrumente, almaI selfbeoordelingskale, was die Biografiese en Persoonlike Vraelys, die "Dyadic Adjustment Scale", die "Bem Sex Role Inventory", die "Shared Decision Making Scale", die "Perceived Social Support Scale", die "Being Known to Distant Others Scale", die "Being Known to Significant Others Scale", en die "Desire to Pass Scale". Resultate is verkry deur statistiese ontledings uit te voer met onderskeidelik die paar (N = 30) en die paarlede (N = 60) as eenheid van analise. Indien die verskillende resultate gesamentlik in oenskou geneem word, was die belangrikste korrelate van verhoudingskwaliteit 'n toename in verhoudingslengte, 'n vroulike selfkonsep by beide paarlede, die beskouing van gedeelde besluitneming binne die verhouding en die handhawing van 'n openlike gay lewenstyl, tesame met paarlid-homogamie ten opsigte van 'n vroulike selfkonsep, waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van vriende en die vlak van openlikheid met betrekking tot seksuele voorkeure. Verder was dit ook van belang dat slegs een van die paarlede oor psigologiese manlikheid moes beskik. Die belangrikste voorspellers van verhoudingskwaliteit was 'n toename in verhoudingslengte, 'n vroulike selfkonsep by beide paarlede, die beskouing van gedeelde besluitneming binne die verhouding, min waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van vriende en die gesin, en die handhawing van 'n openlike gay lewenstyl, tesame met paarlid-homogamie ten opsigte van onderskeidelik waargenome sosiale ondersteuning van vriende, bekendheid as gay aan betekenisvolle ander en die beskouing van gedeelde besluitneming binne die verhouding. Daarby was dit ook belangrik dat een van die paarlede vorige ervaring van gay verhoudings moes gehad het. Die grootste enkele beperking van die huidige ondersoek was die relatief klein steekproef wat lae statistiese kragdoeltreffendheid tot gevolg gehad het. Die ondersoek het egter 'n bydrae gelewer deur lig te werp op die funksionering van manlike gay verhoudings binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks.

Thesis (MA--Stellenbosch University, 1981. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: No abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geen opsomming