Antisera were raised in rabbits against serum samples taken from pregnant and non-pregnant mares. Using these antisera in two-dimensional crossed immunoelectrophoresis, a protein (beta2-hors.PP) was found to be pregnancy specific and first detectable in the maternal circulation 6 days after mating. beta2-hors.PP detection as a pregnancy test during the first 21 days after mating was found to be significant at the 10% level. Levels of the protein were also found to increase during this period. The protein, of possible uterine origin, may have a biological activity associated with implantation (day 37) as levels of beta2-hors.PP were elevated from around days 21 to 83. For the remainder of gestation, the concentration of beta2-hors.PP in the serum decreased. It is possible that beta2-hors.PP detection may be a means of monitoring foetal well being. Equine epitheliochorial placental extracts, taken from 2 mares 60 days and 80 days after mating, were found to induce a dose-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and mitogen stimulated assay (MSA), MLR supernatant reversed the inhibition and the addition of foetal tissue extracts to previously activated lymphocytes suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. This suggests suppression at the IL-1/IL-2 level of the immune response. Commercially available eCG inhibited lymphocyte proliferation. The presence of endometrial cup secretion containing high levels of eCG had no additive effect on the inhibitory activity of an extract of allantochorion (day 80), previously shown to induce less than 100% inhibition. This suggests that the commercially available eCG may contain an immunosuppressive contaminant.Equine and bovine epitheliochorial placental extracts (allantochorion) inhibited collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation respectively. The mode of action of the anti-aggregatory factors may be related to the vascularity of the placentae. Overall, it appears that local immunomodulatory and haemostatic mechanisms are important in the maintenance of pregnancy in species with epitheliochorial placentation.

This thesis follows up smoking during pregnancy. The task is conceived into two parts, the first being focused on theoretical definition of the problematics, the second being exploratory. The theoretical part is divided into three subheads. The first part deals with pregnancy itself and preparation for it, where problems connected with conception are described, followed by the formation and duration of pregnancy, changes connected to pregnancy and fetal development. The second part of the thesis solves the problem of smoking when pregnant together with all problems connected to it, describes the harmfulness and health consequences caused by smoking,solves quitting and it´s options. The third part connects the whole problematics, mainly it concentrates on the issue, how smoking affects fertility, the whole process of pregnancy and what are the risks for fetus and newborns. The practical part charts the situation of smoking among pregnant women, aiming to determine, whether women attempt to stop smoking or inhibit the addiction when pregnant, eventually, which means they use to reduce smoking or quitting. Also, it finds out, whether women realize the risks and problems, which smoking can cause. It also looks at, where women find information about the harmfulness of smoking. Another aim is to explore the circumstances under which most pregnant women seek for a cigarette, and whether social environment influences smoking during pregnancy. Research of the practical part is performed quantitatively by the method of anonymous questionnaire.

No description available.

The discovery of the Aschheim Zondek test for pregnancy resulted in a large amount of research work which had been performed in the investigation of the hormones concerned in the physiology of the female reproductive system. This work has been carried out by an almost countless number of investigators, in all parts of the the world. I shall make no attempt to view the literature on this subject since it has alreacy been done in the monographs by Parkes and Frank, and moreover it would serve no useful purpose in a thesis of this kind. It is my intention to merely point out the chief evenats which led up to the foundation of the Aschheim Zondek reaction as a test for pregnancy.

Magister Artium (Child and Family Studies) - MA(CFS) / Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a challenging phenomenon worldwide. The goal of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions and experiencesof a sample of teenage girls about pregnancy, birth and motherhood. The objectives of the research were to engage voluntary participants in autobiographical "life stories" and semi structured interviews relating to the phenomenon being studied; to analyze the qualitative information and do a literature control of the findings and compare and verify and make appropriate conclusions and recommendations. / South Africa

<p>Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a challenging phenomenon worldwide. The goal of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions and experiencesof a sample of teenage girls about pregnancy, birth and motherhood. The objectives of the research were to engage voluntary participants in autobiographical &quot / life stories&quot / and semi structured interviews relating to the phenomenon being studied / to analyze the qualitative information and do a literature control of the findings and compare and verify and make appropriate conclusions and recommendations.</p>

<p>Teenage pregnancy and motherhood is a challenging phenomenon worldwide. The goal of this study was to explore and describe the perceptions and experiencesof a sample of teenage girls about pregnancy, birth and motherhood. The objectives of the research were to engage voluntary participants in autobiographical &quot / life stories&quot / and semi structured interviews relating to the phenomenon being studied / to analyze the qualitative information and do a literature control of the findings and compare and verify and make appropriate conclusions and recommendations.</p>

Background: Consensual non-monogamous couples (CNMCs) are viewed less favourably than their heteromononormative counterparts by the general population and by healthcare providers. Research indicates that they are less likely to seek health care and are at greater risk for STIs and HIV. This stigma and judgment perceived by CNMCs can be even further compounded when these couples choose to have a child. No study to date has looked at consensual non-monogamous parenting couples (CNMPCs) during the transition to parenthood. The aim of the present study was to explore Manitoban CNMCs’ perceptions of the conciliation between their parenting role and their sexual lifestyle during the transition to parenthood. Methodology: This mixed methods descriptive, exploratory study used a triangulation design-convergence model. Six participants identifying as CNMCs during the transition to parenthood were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide as well as completing an online questionnaire. Results: The participants in this sample experienced challenges in regard to their transition to parenthood as many other parents do, yet this transition was more harmonious for some participants compared to others. Consensual non-monogamy (CNM) was a sexual lifestyle chosen either before or during this transition. However, the lifestyle did stop during conception and pregnancy, and was resumed several months after childbirth. Relationship breakdown may occur, but not necessarily associated with CNM. The conciliation of parenting and sexual roles is facilitated when communication and intimacy are present between partners. Participants emphasized the importance of family before their chosen sexual lifestyle. The relationship with health care providers is critical for participants of CNM as it impacts how they seek health care or disclose their lifestyle. This is more important during the transition to parenthood as more challenges can be present. Three phases that CNMCs pass through were also identified, contemplation, acting and incorporation, to integrate CNM as a lifestyle. Discussion: These findings permitted a closer look at the conciliation of the parenting role and the sexual lifestyle of CNMPCs during their transition to parenthood. These findings demonstrated not only how CNMPCs were similar and different from participants in other studies, but also highlighted how they were uniquely distinct. This distinction appears to stem from a certain resilience gained from the three phases of the incorporation of CNM as a lifestyle that appears to buffer these couples in situations of stress. A new proposed model, CNMPCs’ Model of Resilience during the Incorporation of CNM as a Lifestyle While Parenting, is suggested. There is a need for more psychosexual education for perinatal nurses in regard to sexuality minorities such as CNMPCs in the context of the transition to parenthood.

No description available.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-07-24T14:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Milena Correa da Luz.pdf: 1664505 bytes, checksum: c9ff9155fa4efb40f4f23f764410793b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T14:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Milena Correa da Luz.pdf: 1664505 bytes, checksum: c9ff9155fa4efb40f4f23f764410793b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-25 / Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e caracterizar a condição de saúde bucal e a necessidade de tratamento odontológico de gestantes de alto risco atendidas na Rede de Atenção Materno Infantil de Ponta Grossa - PR. O estudo teve como população-alvo gestantes classificadas com gravidez de alto risco que fizeram o pré-natal no Sistema Único de Saúde no município. A pesquisa se deu por meio de um formulário estruturado, contendo questões sobre características sociodemográficas, impacto da condição bucal na qualidade de vida através do Índice OHIP, ansiedade frente ao tratamento odontológico pelo índice DAS, necessidade referida e uso de serviços odontológicos. E uma avaliação clínica, sendo identificadas a experiência de cárie através do Índice CPOD, condição periodontal pelo Índice CPI, presença de biofilme pelo Índice IHOS e necessidade de tratamento. Foram entrevistadas e responderam ao questionário 268 gestantes, sendo que 99 dessas não aceitaram passar pela avaliação clínica de saúde bucal. Dessa forma, a amostra do estudo foi constituída de 169 gestantes. A maioria das participantes eram adultas jovens, entre 20 e 35 anos, brancas, casadas ou em união estável, com baixa renda familiar e com o ensino médio completo ou mais de escolaridade, já possuíam outros filhos e estavam no terceiro trimestre da gestação. Com relação ao risco gestacional, o maior número de gestantes foi classificado como alto risco para o pré-natal por endocrinopatia (24,6%), hipertensão (20,6%) e dependência de drogas (lícitas e ilícitas) (19,4%). Mais da metade das gestantes apresentou nenhum ou baixo nível de ansiedade frente ao tratamento odontológico. Porém 12,4% das entrevistadas se mostraram muito ansiosas. Não houve impacto da condição bucal na qualidade de vida das entrevistadas, sendo que a média do OHIP-14 foi de 5,5. Com relação à experiência de cárie, o CPO-D médio das gestantes foi de 9,4 sendo que praticamente todas as gestantes apresentam histórico de cárie (94,7%) e apenas 4,7% da amostra possuía todos os dentes hígidos. Com relação à condição periodontal, apenas 23,2% apresentou gengiva e periodonto hígidos, sendo o sangramento gengival a condição mais frequente (53,8%). Quanto à presença de biofilme, 66,7% das gestantes apresentaram higiene bucal ótima ou boa. Conclui-se que a maioria das gestações do estudo é classificada como alto risco por hipertensão, endocrinopatias e dependências de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. A utilização de serviços de saúde bucal recente ou durante a gestação é maior do que a referida por outros estudos no Brasil. A maioria das gestantes apresentou-se pouco ansiosa e com baixo impacto da condição bucal na qualidade de vida, apesar de perceberem necessidade de tratamento odontológico. Os resultados indicaram condições satisfatórias de saúde bucal entre as gestantes de alto risco, no que ser refere à experiência de cárie, condição periodontal e necessidade de tratamento, com maiores prevalências naquelas com pior condição social. / The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the oral health condition and the need for dental treatment of high risk pregnant attending the Ponta Grossa - PR Maternal and Child Care Network. The design of this study is cross-sectional observational. The target population was 268 pregnant women classified as high risk pregnancies who underwent prenatal care in the Unified Health System in the county. The pregnants were invited to answer to a structured formulary containing questions about sociodemographic characteristics, aspects of pregnancy, impact of oral condition on quality of life through OHIP Index, anxiety about dental treatment by DAS index, reported need and use of dental services. After the interview, the pregnants were invited to do an oral examination, and the caries experience was identified through the CPOD Index, periodontal condition by the CPI Index, biofilm presence by the IHOS Index and the need for treatment. 268 pregnant were interviewed and answered to the questionnaire, until now, 99 of whom did not agree to undergo a clinical evaluation of oral health. Through this, the study sample consists of 169 pregnant. The majority of the participants were young adults between 20 and 35 years of age, white, married or in stable union, with low family income and with high school education or more of scholarity, they had other children and were in the third trimester of pregnancy. With regard to gestational risk, the highest number of pregnant women was classified as high risk for prenatal care due to endocrinopathies (24.6%), hypertension (20.6%) and drug dependence (legal and illicit) (19,4% %). More than half of the pregnancies presented no or low anxiety level regarding dental treatment. However, 12,4% of the women were very anxious. There was no impact of the oral condition on the quality of life of the interviewees. Regarding the caries experience, the average CPO-D of the pregnant women was 9,4, with practically all pregnant having a history of caries (94.7%) and only 4,7% of the sample had all healthy teeth. Regarding the periodontal condition, only 23,2% had healthy gum and periodontium, and gingival bleeding was the most frequent condition (53,8%). Complementing, regarding the presence of biofilm, 66,7% of the pregnant presented excellent or good oral hygiene. The conclusion is that most of the pregnancies in the study are classified as high risk for hypertension, endocrinopathies and dependence of licit and illicit drugs. The use of recent oral health services or during pregnancy is greater than reported by other studies in Brazil. Most of the pregnant women presented little anxious and low impact of the buccal condition in the quality of life, although they realized that dental treatment is necessary. The results indicated satisfactory oral health conditions among high risk pregnant women, in what refers to the experience of caries, periodontal condition and need for treatment, with higher prevalences in those with worse social status.