Introdução. A Síndrome Pré-menstrual (SPM) é caracterizada por sintomas de estresse somáticos e comportamentais que se desenrolam logo após a ovulação, atingindo um pico máximo próximo à data da menstruação e desaparecendo em média em até quatro dias após o início do sangramento. A presença da formação do corpo lúteo seria necessária para a presença dos sintomas, contudo essa dinâmica dos hormônios da fase lútea associados à SPM é pouco conhecida. O hormônio antimülleriano (HAM) é um dos melhores marcadores de declínio da capacidade reprodutiva das mulheres. Até o momento o mesmo não foi correlacionado a sintomas da SPM. A percepção de piora dos sintomas da SPM na perimenopausa é sugerida, existindo a possibilidade de que com a menor função ovariana (redução do HAM) exista uma exacerbação da SPM durante essa fase da vida reprodutiva da mulher. Objetivo: avaliar o padrão de SPM em mulheres com idade superior a 35 anos e correlacionar seus sintomas com a redução de HAM. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, com uma amostra de conveniência composta por mulheres recrutadas através da mídia local. O questionário Registro Diário da Intensidade de Problemas (DRSP) de 2 meses foi utilizado para o diagnóstico de SPM. As participantes (N = 101) foram avaliadas em seus perfis antropométricos (peso, altura, índice de massa corporal) e social (paridade, nível educacional, uso de contracepção oral). Depois de completar o questionário DRSP por 2 meses, as mulheres retornaram no período prémenstrual para a coleta do sangue. Entre as participantes que utilizaram contracepção hormonal, foi solicitado um período de wash out de um mês para a coleta de sangue e dosagem de HAM no soro. O HAM foi analisado usando um kit comercial ELISA, de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. A análise estatística foi realizada na versão SPSS 18.0. O nível de significância adotado para todas as análises foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: A análise de HAM mostrou uma redução significativa após a idade de 35 anos, e não foi relacionada à severidade dos sintomas de SPM. Os sintomas físicos na fase lútea, mas não os emocionais, foram maiores em mulheres com mais de 35 anos de idade. A análise de Spearman mostrou uma correlação positiva entre um grupo de ≥35 anos e uma correlação negativa entre o uso de contracepção oral com piora dos sintomas físicos da SPM. Conclusão: este estudo mostrou que não houve piora dos sintomas emocionais entre as mulheres com SPM após os 35 anos de idade, apenas piora dos sintomas físicos, que necessitam uma investigação mais aprofundada. Não há relação entre os sintomas físicos e emocionais com níveis de HAM nas mulheres com SPM. / Background. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is characterized by somatic and behavioral stress symptoms that take place soon after ovulation, reaching a peak near the time of menstruation and disappears on average within 4 days after the start of the bleeding. The presence of the corpus luteum formation would be needed for the presence of symptoms, however, these dynamics luteal phase of hormones associated with PMS is not well known. The anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is one of the best markers of decline in women's reproductive capacity, and AMH has not been correlated with PMS symptoms. The perception of worsening of PMS symptoms in perimenopause is suggested, with the possibility that with less ovarian reserve (reduction of AMH) there is an exacerbation of PMS during this phase of the woman's reproductive life. Objective: To evaluate the pattern of PMS in women aged over 35 years, and correlate its symptoms to the reduction of AMH. Methods: It was an observational, cross-sectional study with a convenience sample composed of women recruited through local media. The 2-months DRSP questionnaire was used for PMS diagnosis. The participants (N=101) were evaluated in their anthropometric (weight, height, body mass index) and social (parity, educational level, use of oral contraception) profiles. After completing the DRSP questionnaire for 2 months, women returned in the pre-menstrual period for serum collection. Among participants using hormonal contraception, a one-month washout period was requested for serum collection and AMH dosage. AMH was analyzed using an ELISA commercial kit, according the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical analysis was carried out in SPSS version 18.0. Significance level adopted for all analyzes was set at 5%. Results: AMH analysis showed a significant reduction after the age of 35 years, and it was not related to PMS symptoms severity. Physical symptoms in luteal stage were greater in women aged over 35 years, emotional symptoms were equal in both ages. Spearman’s analysis showed a positive correlation between ≥ 35years group and a negative correlation between the use of oral contraception with PMS physical symptoms worsening. Conclusion: this study showed that there is no worsening of emotional symptoms among women with PMS after 35 years of age, with a greater physical complaint, that needs further investigation. There is no relation between the physical and emotional symptoms with AMH levels in PMS women.

Esse trabalho visou avaliar a prevalência, caracterizar sintomas e identificar aspectos individuais e sócio-culturais relacionados à SPM em Adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos, e suas mães, através de estudo prospectivo. Os protocolos baseados nos critérios de Moss foram preenchidos em entrevistas individuais. Procedeu-se análise descritiva seguida de estudo não pareado. Para variáveis categóricas utilizou-se tabelas de contingência, e como medida de associação o qui-quadrado e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Aplicou-se Análise de Regressão Logística stepwise forward (WALD). Observou-se 69,7% de adolescentes com SPM. O sintoma mais freqüente foi o nervoso (99,4%). Mostraram associação com a SPM, mães com SPM, conotação dada à menstruação e a SPM, influência do grupo e da mídia, e expectativa frente à menarca / This work aimed at to evaluate the prevalence, to characterize symptoms and to identify related individuals and partner-cultural aspects to the PMS in Adolescents between 14 and 18 years old, and her mothers, through prospective study. The protocols based on the Moss's criteria had been filled in individual interviews. Descriptive analysis was preceded from the data. For categorical variable was used contingency tables, and as measured of association to Qui-square and the Fisher's Accurate Test. Analysis of Logistic Regression stepwise forward (WALD) was applied. 69.7% of adolescents with PMS were observed. The symptom most frequent was the sinewy (99,4%). They had shown to association with the PMS, mothers with PMS, connotation given to the menstruation and the PMS, influence of the group and the media, and expectation of the menarche

Esse trabalho visou avaliar a prevalência, caracterizar sintomas e identificar aspectos individuais e sócio-culturais relacionados à SPM em Adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos, e suas mães, através de estudo prospectivo. Os protocolos baseados nos critérios de Moss foram preenchidos em entrevistas individuais. Procedeu-se análise descritiva seguida de estudo não pareado. Para variáveis categóricas utilizou-se tabelas de contingência, e como medida de associação o qui-quadrado e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Aplicou-se Análise de Regressão Logística stepwise forward (WALD). Observou-se 69,7% de adolescentes com SPM. O sintoma mais freqüente foi o nervoso (99,4%). Mostraram associação com a SPM, mães com SPM, conotação dada à menstruação e a SPM, influência do grupo e da mídia, e expectativa frente à menarca / This work aimed at to evaluate the prevalence, to characterize symptoms and to identify related individuals and partner-cultural aspects to the PMS in Adolescents between 14 and 18 years old, and her mothers, through prospective study. The protocols based on the Moss's criteria had been filled in individual interviews. Descriptive analysis was preceded from the data. For categorical variable was used contingency tables, and as measured of association to Qui-square and the Fisher's Accurate Test. Analysis of Logistic Regression stepwise forward (WALD) was applied. 69.7% of adolescents with PMS were observed. The symptom most frequent was the sinewy (99,4%). They had shown to association with the PMS, mothers with PMS, connotation given to the menstruation and the PMS, influence of the group and the media, and expectation of the menarche

Master of Music / Throughout the 20th Century, female operatic singers in most of the major European opera houses were given “grace days” (where they were not required to sing) in recognition of the effect of hormonal changes on the singing voice. Financial constraints in professional companies have resulted in a reduction of such considerations, but to date, there has been no systematic study of the effects of hormonal fluctuations on the quality of the female singing voice, or of its potential adverse effects on the vocal apparatus for singers who are affected by pre-menstrual syndrome. This study investigated the effects of hormonal fluctuations on young professional female classical singers. Female and male professional singers in training (students) at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music, University of Sydney, were asked to participate as volunteers in the study by keeping daily diaries. The female singers kept a diary for two separate months beginning on the first day of menstruation, in which they recorded their daily basal temperature, mood, voice state and physical well being. The male control subjects kept daily diaries for one month. Acoustic analysis of two vocal samples taken during the second month, on days 1 and 14 of the cycle, were completed on the six most severely affected female subjects, who were identified through their diary ratings of changes in vocal quality during menstruation. The selected students assessed their own vocal samples, presented in random order, to determine whether they could reliably identify which of their samples were affected by menstruation. Vocal staff at the Conservatorium (pedagogues), who were blind to the purpose of the study, also assessed recordings presented randomly. Results indicated that self-perceived vocal quality varied over the course of the menstrual cycle, particularly during the first seven days of the cycle, that negative changes in mood affected the voice, and that fatigue, effort, hoarseness, weakness & peak performance were the most frequently affected vocal states. A surprising finding was that male self-perceived voice quality also varied over the course of one month of diary keeping. There was no consistent change in direction of scores during menstrual and non-menstrual phases. Five of the six most affected singers correctly identified their performance during menstruation but pedagogues were not consistently able to do so.. These results indicate that perceived quality of the voice through changes in the menstrual cycle may not be as obvious to a highly trained observer even though they were reliably perceived by the singer. This study demonstrates that menstruation has a discernible impact on the self-perception of female singers’ vocal quality and implies that the premenstrual or menstrual female may not feel able to present her peak performance at these times of hormonal fluctuation. Further detailed research in this area may be warranted on a larger scale to elaborate a more precise clinical management of the problem.

This thesis examines how the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s influenced scholarship in the social sciences, and how the feminism growing out of this movement affected premenstrual syndrome (PMS) research. Since the 1980s social science paradigms guiding P M S research have begun to consider how biology and the environment mutually influence one another to produce premenstrual changes. The work examined in this thesis uses feminism to challenge traditional scientific approaches to PMS, including claims o f "objectivity," negative evaluations of menstrual changes in women, the claim that women experience natural cycles and men do not, and the belief that the expression of anger contradicts the feminine role. The research herein is based on all psychology research on PMS produced in the greater Vancouver area during the 1980s and 1990s. The knowledge that has been constructed about PMS through social sciences research also contributes to a common narrative about gender. This narrative holds that femininity and masculinity are not only linked to concepts of biological sex but also to concepts of culture that are heavily influenced by power relationships. The research examined here contributes to this narrative by challenging traditional theories about women's nature and by implementing research methods that add to our understanding of the way that cultural values influence research and knowledge production. The image of women as passive victims of "that time of the month" has been called into question by an image o f women that takes society and culture into account when explaining "women's nature."

Nursing is developing a science for explaining our interventions_ Hormones play a vital role in the female response pattern and that must be assessed in order for nursing to justify its actions. This descriptive design studied 30 women between the ages of 30 and 45 examining psychiatric addmissions and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Two hypotheses were considered: 1) There is no difference in the incidence of admission to psychiatric facilities of women for depression, schizophrenia, or other psychiatric crises during the paramenstruum of their menstrual cycle and 2) There is no difference in the incidence of premenstrual syndrome symptoms among women admitted to psychiatric facilities during their paramenstruum.Data was obtained by questionnaire and chart review. The nominal data was analyzed using chi-square. No significant results were found statistically. The practical significance of the study is that 20 of the 30 women were admitted during their paramenstruum. / School of Nursing

Cholecystokinin, or "CCK" peptides, originally identified in the gastrointestinal tract, are now considered to be one of the most abundant peptide systems in the mammalian central nervous system. Prompted by recent findings that implicated the cholecystokinergic system in the pathophysiology of various illnesses, we developed a novel assay system to measure the various forms of cholecystokinin peptides in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The system detects CCK-4, sulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8s) and nonsulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8ns) with equal affinity, with the lower detection limit of 2.7 fmol and an ED50 of 10.6 +/- 2.2 fmol. Using the assay system, we determined that mean CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in the plasma of 12 healthy subjects was 12.9 +/- 2.1 pM CCK-4 equivalents. / After developing the cholecystokinin assay system, we were able to combine our unique methodology with other established techniques to investigate the role of CCK in illnesses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), anxiety, bulimia nervosa, and cardiomyopathy. / Briefly, we observed no significant differences in plasma CCK levels between women with PMDD and healthy volunteers. However, we found that, independent of diagnosis, plasma cholecystokinin concentrations were higher in women during their first visit to the clinic to participate in the study, as compared to later visits. / In addition, application of our assay system allowed us to determine that oral ingestion of caffeine increased plasma CCK-LI levels 2--4 fold in humans. Moreover, we observed substantial variation in post-caffeine cholecystokinin levels among individuals. / In another study of cholecystokinin and anxiety, we used our CCK assay to determine the effects of ondansetron, a serotonin receptor antagonist, on cholecystokinin levels in plasma. We found that multiple oral doses of ondansetron influence the pharmacokinetic parameters of exogenous CCK. / We also used the three-step assay system to measure CCK-LI in patients with the eating disorder, bulimia nervosa. Baseline fasted cholecystokinin plasma levels were lower in bulimic women as compared to control subjects. However, at "satiety", or the post-binge stage, CCK levels in bulimic women were similar to those of control women. / Finally, our investigation into the role of cholecystokinin in cardiomyopathy revealed that neuronal cholecystokinin receptor density was altered in the cardiomyopathic hamster brain, as compared to age- and sex-matched control animals. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Master of Music / Throughout the 20th Century, female operatic singers in most of the major European opera houses were given “grace days” (where they were not required to sing) in recognition of the effect of hormonal changes on the singing voice. Financial constraints in professional companies have resulted in a reduction of such considerations, but to date, there has been no systematic study of the effects of hormonal fluctuations on the quality of the female singing voice, or of its potential adverse effects on the vocal apparatus for singers who are affected by pre-menstrual syndrome. This study investigated the effects of hormonal fluctuations on young professional female classical singers. Female and male professional singers in training (students) at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music, University of Sydney, were asked to participate as volunteers in the study by keeping daily diaries. The female singers kept a diary for two separate months beginning on the first day of menstruation, in which they recorded their daily basal temperature, mood, voice state and physical well being. The male control subjects kept daily diaries for one month. Acoustic analysis of two vocal samples taken during the second month, on days 1 and 14 of the cycle, were completed on the six most severely affected female subjects, who were identified through their diary ratings of changes in vocal quality during menstruation. The selected students assessed their own vocal samples, presented in random order, to determine whether they could reliably identify which of their samples were affected by menstruation. Vocal staff at the Conservatorium (pedagogues), who were blind to the purpose of the study, also assessed recordings presented randomly. Results indicated that self-perceived vocal quality varied over the course of the menstrual cycle, particularly during the first seven days of the cycle, that negative changes in mood affected the voice, and that fatigue, effort, hoarseness, weakness & peak performance were the most frequently affected vocal states. A surprising finding was that male self-perceived voice quality also varied over the course of one month of diary keeping. There was no consistent change in direction of scores during menstrual and non-menstrual phases. Five of the six most affected singers correctly identified their performance during menstruation but pedagogues were not consistently able to do so.. These results indicate that perceived quality of the voice through changes in the menstrual cycle may not be as obvious to a highly trained observer even though they were reliably perceived by the singer. This study demonstrates that menstruation has a discernible impact on the self-perception of female singers’ vocal quality and implies that the premenstrual or menstrual female may not feel able to present her peak performance at these times of hormonal fluctuation. Further detailed research in this area may be warranted on a larger scale to elaborate a more precise clinical management of the problem.

Tez (Tıpta Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Nükleer Tıp Anabilim Dalı, 2007. / Bibliyografya var.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1991.