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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Durabilidade da madeira do gênero Pinus tratada com preservantes: avaliação em campo de apodrecimento. / Durability of preservative treated Pinus lumber: evaluation through field stake test.

Barillari, Cristiane Tabarelli 13 May 2002 (has links)
A madeira quando usada em contato direto com o solo, é atacada por agentes biológicos, principalmente fungos apodrecedores e cupins subterrâneos. Uma maneira de ampliar as possibilidades de utilização das espécies de baixa durabilidade natural, como as do gênero Pinus, é através do tratamento químico preservante. No entanto, faltam informações disponíveis que indiquem a durabilidade destas madeiras em serviço. A fim de se determinar a durabilidade da madeira do gênero Pinus tratada com preservantes, a Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" e o Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo instalaram, em 1980, campos de apodrecimento segundo método de ensaio sugerido pelo IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organizations). As espécies utilizadas no ensaio foram o Pinus elliottii Engl. var. elliottii, o Pinus caribaea Mor. var. hondurensis, B & G., o Pinus oocarpa Shied e o Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon; tratadas com os preservantes CCA tipos A, B e C, CCB e pentaclorofenol, em cinco níveis de retenção. Em continuidade ao projeto, foi inspecionado o campo instalado na Estação Experimental de Mogi-Guaçu, visando avaliar o estado de sanidade do material. A análise dos resultados obtidos até o momento, 21 anos de exposição demonstrou que não houve diferença no comportamento entre espécies. Os índices de comportamento mais altos (maior expectativa de durabilidade) correspondem aos tratamentos com CCA tipos A, B e C em retenções acima de 7,5 kg/m3. Mesmo para os tratamentos que apresentaram os menores índices de comportamento (CCA tipo C com retenções de 5,0 kg/m 3 e CCB com 5,9 kg/m 3 ), é prevista uma durabilidade de 30 anos em serviço. / When used in ground contact, wood is deteriorated by biological agents, as root fungi and subterranean termites. A way to increase the use of wood species of low natural durability, as the Pinus lumber, is the preservative treatment. However, there is a lack of information indicating the durability of treated wood. In order to determine the durability of preservative treated Pinus lumber, the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" and the Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo installed, in 1980, fields tests according to the IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organizations). The species under test were Pinus elliottii Engl. var. elliottii, Pinus caribaea Mor. var. hondurensis, B & G., Pinus oocarpa Shied and Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon; treated with the preservatives CCA types A, B and C, CCB and pentachlorophenol, in five retention levels. In continuity to the project, the material installed in the test site of Experimental Station of Mogi-Guaçu was inspected, to evaluate the degree of attack. The analysis of results obtained till now, after 21 years of exposure, demonstrated that there are no differences in durability related with species. The highest performance index (longer durability expectation) correspond to treatments with CCA types A, B and C in retentions above 7,5 kg/m3. Even for the treatments that presented lowest performance index (CCA type C with retention of 5,0 kg/m 3 and CCB with 5,9 kg/m 3 ), the durability expectation is 30 years in service.
2

Durabilidade da madeira do gênero Pinus tratada com preservantes: avaliação em campo de apodrecimento. / Durability of preservative treated Pinus lumber: evaluation through field stake test.

Cristiane Tabarelli Barillari 13 May 2002 (has links)
A madeira quando usada em contato direto com o solo, é atacada por agentes biológicos, principalmente fungos apodrecedores e cupins subterrâneos. Uma maneira de ampliar as possibilidades de utilização das espécies de baixa durabilidade natural, como as do gênero Pinus, é através do tratamento químico preservante. No entanto, faltam informações disponíveis que indiquem a durabilidade destas madeiras em serviço. A fim de se determinar a durabilidade da madeira do gênero Pinus tratada com preservantes, a Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" e o Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo instalaram, em 1980, campos de apodrecimento segundo método de ensaio sugerido pelo IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organizations). As espécies utilizadas no ensaio foram o Pinus elliottii Engl. var. elliottii, o Pinus caribaea Mor. var. hondurensis, B & G., o Pinus oocarpa Shied e o Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon; tratadas com os preservantes CCA tipos A, B e C, CCB e pentaclorofenol, em cinco níveis de retenção. Em continuidade ao projeto, foi inspecionado o campo instalado na Estação Experimental de Mogi-Guaçu, visando avaliar o estado de sanidade do material. A análise dos resultados obtidos até o momento, 21 anos de exposição demonstrou que não houve diferença no comportamento entre espécies. Os índices de comportamento mais altos (maior expectativa de durabilidade) correspondem aos tratamentos com CCA tipos A, B e C em retenções acima de 7,5 kg/m3. Mesmo para os tratamentos que apresentaram os menores índices de comportamento (CCA tipo C com retenções de 5,0 kg/m 3 e CCB com 5,9 kg/m 3 ), é prevista uma durabilidade de 30 anos em serviço. / When used in ground contact, wood is deteriorated by biological agents, as root fungi and subterranean termites. A way to increase the use of wood species of low natural durability, as the Pinus lumber, is the preservative treatment. However, there is a lack of information indicating the durability of treated wood. In order to determine the durability of preservative treated Pinus lumber, the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" and the Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo installed, in 1980, fields tests according to the IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organizations). The species under test were Pinus elliottii Engl. var. elliottii, Pinus caribaea Mor. var. hondurensis, B & G., Pinus oocarpa Shied and Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon; treated with the preservatives CCA types A, B and C, CCB and pentachlorophenol, in five retention levels. In continuity to the project, the material installed in the test site of Experimental Station of Mogi-Guaçu was inspected, to evaluate the degree of attack. The analysis of results obtained till now, after 21 years of exposure, demonstrated that there are no differences in durability related with species. The highest performance index (longer durability expectation) correspond to treatments with CCA types A, B and C in retentions above 7,5 kg/m3. Even for the treatments that presented lowest performance index (CCA type C with retention of 5,0 kg/m 3 and CCB with 5,9 kg/m 3 ), the durability expectation is 30 years in service.
3

Expanding the market of biomaterials

Quin, Franklin, Jr. 12 May 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Biomaterials such as wood and bamboo are in high demand as a building material with the push for building with green technology. The wood product industry accounts for approximately 4% of the total U.S. manufacturing GDP (Gross Domestic Product), which is more than $100 billion. The industry supports over 752,000 full-time equivalent jobs, most of which are in rural areas where employment opportunities are limited. The estimated global market value of bamboo is estimated to be $60 billion annually. This research will explore the use of wood and bamboo in different end use products. The objectives of this research will 1) evaluate the behavior of two single bolt connections in the post-to-rail joint in a hardwood stairway system; 2) the potential of post-treating pre-fabricated cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels with two different copper based preservative treatments; and 3) estimated design values for a commercially sourced bolt laminated bamboo industrial mat. To accomplish these objectives, this dissertation is divided into five sections: 1) Introduction, 2) Structural performance of the post-to-rail connectors in a hardwood stairway handrail, 3) Development of preservative-treated cross-laminated timber: effects of panel layup and thickness on bonding performance and durability when treated with copper-azole (CA-C) and micronized copper-azole (MCA), 4) Strength and stiffness of 3-ply industrial bamboo matting, 5) Conclusion.
4

RESISTÊNCIA BIOLÓGICA DA MADEIRA TRATADA DE Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana EM ENSAIOS DE LABORATÓRIO E CAMPO / BIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE OF TREATED WOOD OF Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus cloeziana IN LABORATORY TESTS AND FIELD

Vivian, Magnos Alan 19 July 2011 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Wood, because of its organic origin, depending on environmental conditions that is exposed can be damaged by biological agents. In view of this becomes very important that the same pass for any preservative treatment, in order to increase its lifespan. This study aimed to evaluate the biological resistance of treated wood of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus cloeziana under the action biodeterioration organisms in laboratory tests and field, comparing the parameters of wood treated with those obtained for untreated wood. For this purpose, used trees of E. grandis and E. cloeziana, both with 16 years of age, belonging to FLOSUL Timber Company. In this, the logs were deployed into planks with dimensions of 2.2 x 9.0 x 200.0 cm, which were subjected to an air drying until a moisture content of 12 to 15%, to then make up the preservative treatment autoclave with chromate copper arsenate (CCA). Then these boards were sent to the Laboratory of Forest Products UFSM for making the specimens for evaluation of physical parameters as density and equilibrium moisture, quality of treatment as penetration and retention, and efficiency, with tests rotting in the laboratory and field. Based on the results, the CCA preservative treatment under pressure to the woods E. grandis and E. cloeziana with 16 years, showed no significant effect on the specific mass, but in the case of equilibrium moisture content was significant increase for both species. Regarding the quality of preservative treatment, the wood of E. grandis showed penetration and vascular distribution and the E. cloeziana partial irregular, retention was unsatisfactory in both species. The preservative treatment were effective in reducing the biological degradation of wood of two species, both in the test laboratory and field. Thus, comparing the results obtained in tests laboratory and field, the wood of E. cloeziana treated under conditions similar to this study has greater ability to be used under conditions adverse, such as decks, or in contact with the ground. / A madeira, devido sua origem orgânica, dependendo das condições ambientais que seja exposta, pode ser deteriorada por agentes biológicos. Em vista disto se torna de extrema importância que a mesma, passe por algum tratamento preservativo, com o intuito de aumentar sua vida útil. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a resistência biológica da madeira tratada de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana sob a ação de organismos biodeterioradores, em ensaios de laboratório e de campo, comparando-se os parâmetros de avaliação das madeiras tratadas com aqueles obtidos para a madeira sem tratamento. Para tanto, foram utilizadas árvores de E. grandis e E. cloeziana, ambas com 16 anos de idade, pertencentes à Empresa FLOSUL Madeiras. Nesta, as toras foram desdobradas em tábuas com as dimensões de 2,2 x 9,0 x 200,0 cm, as quais foram submetidas à secagem ao ar livre até atingir teor de umidade de 12 a 15%, para, posteriormente, efetuar-se o tratamento preservativo em autoclave com Arseniato de Cobre Cromatado (CCA). Em seguida, essas tábuas foram encaminhadas ao Laboratório de Produtos Florestais da UFSM, para confecção dos corpos de prova para avaliação de parâmetros físicos como massa específica e umidade de equilíbrio; parâmetros de qualidade do tratamento como penetração e retenção; e de eficiência, com os ensaios de apodrecimento em laboratório e campo. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que o tratamento preservativo com CCA sob pressão para as madeiras de E. grandis e E. cloeziana com 16 anos não mostrou efeito significativo sobre a massa especifica, já no caso da umidade de equilíbrio, ocorreu aumento significativo para ambas as espécies. Em relação à qualidade do tratamento preservativo, a madeira de E. grandis apresentou penetração vascular e o E. cloeziana parcial irregular, já a retenção foi pouco satisfatória nas duas espécies estudadas. O tratamento preservativo foi eficiente na redução da degradação biológica das madeiras das duas espécies, tanto no ensaio de laboratório quanto de campo. Dessa forma, comparando-se os resultados obtidos nos testes de laboratório e de campo, o E. cloeziana tratado sob condições similares no, presente estudo, apresenta maior aptidão para ser usado em condições adversas, como decks, ou em contato com o solo.
5

Development of preservative-treated cross-laminated timber and lignin-reinforced polyurethane-adhesive for glued laminated timber

Ayanleye, Samuel Oluwafemi 08 August 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Interest in the use of mass timber in building and construction is growing worldwide, this is due to the structural integrity and reduced environmental footprint of timber-based structures. Concerns associated with the biological and environmental degradation of mass timber necessitate the development of adequate protection strategies to ensure the durability of these products. Preservative treatment is a proven technique that increases the durability and performance of wood in-service and can also be applied to large-sized timber panels such as cross-laminated timber (CLT). Therefore, this study focused on investigating the feasibility of treating prefabricated 3- and 5-layer CLT panels with Copper-azole type C (CA-C) and micronized copper azole (MCA) preservatives. Further, we studied the effects of panel layup and thickness on the preservative impregnation in CLT. Based on the experimental results, we found adequate preservative penetration and retention in the treated 3- and 5-layer CLT panels, particularly in CA-C treated panels. Also, the lengthwise layup shows better treatment results in both CA-C and MCA-treated panels. In addition to the preservative-treatment of CLT panels, this dissertation covers the development of lignin-reinforced polyurethane adhesive (PUR) for bonding glue-laminated timber (Glulam). Herein, the glulam were fabricated and bonded using lignin-reinforced PUR at different wt% (1, 2, and 3) and tested for shear strength, wood failure and delamination. The lignin-treated PUR samples showed improved adhesion properties via high shear strength and reduced delamination compared to the control specimens. Thus, the lignin-reinforced PUR adhesive shows great potential as a bio-based and environment-friendly wood adhesive for producing glulam used in structural applications.

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