<p>A current conveyor is an active building block that can be used to implement most active and passive components. It differs from the operation amplifier in that it uses current instead of voltage. The current conveyor also has significantly higher voltage gain over a broader frequency range. </p><p>To simplify the construction of analogue circuits and increase the construction efficiency it is desirable to use a top-down methodology. This means that the whole system is partitioned into a hierarchy of subsystems. The behavioural description of the whole systems is then partitioned into behavioural descriptions for each subsystem. Such a methodology has been examined through propagation of application level specifications down to a current conveyor. </p><p>This work has been realised through modelling the current conveyor with a linear macro model. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the functionality of the current conveyor and the possibility to use a top-down methodology in construction. Since the linear macro model played a central role, it was necessary to validate that it was sufficiently accurate in comparison to transistor level simulations. This was realized through calculation of behavioural specifications and then transferred to the linear macro model. A method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model on the basis on specifications for an amplifier has been proposed as well as implemented. </p><p>The work shows that the linear macro model is sufficiently accurate in modelling circuit topologies of current conveyors to be useable in top-down methodology. The proposed method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model works well. The drawback is that it is only applicable on the current conveyor as an amplifier. An attempt was made to implement a method for the current conveyor as an integrator. But the lack of defined behavioural descriptions for the integrator led to an unsolvable equation system.</p>

A current conveyor is an active building block that can be used to implement most active and passive components. It differs from the operation amplifier in that it uses current instead of voltage. The current conveyor also has significantly higher voltage gain over a broader frequency range. To simplify the construction of analogue circuits and increase the construction efficiency it is desirable to use a top-down methodology. This means that the whole system is partitioned into a hierarchy of subsystems. The behavioural description of the whole systems is then partitioned into behavioural descriptions for each subsystem. Such a methodology has been examined through propagation of application level specifications down to a current conveyor. This work has been realised through modelling the current conveyor with a linear macro model. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the functionality of the current conveyor and the possibility to use a top-down methodology in construction. Since the linear macro model played a central role, it was necessary to validate that it was sufficiently accurate in comparison to transistor level simulations. This was realized through calculation of behavioural specifications and then transferred to the linear macro model. A method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model on the basis on specifications for an amplifier has been proposed as well as implemented. The work shows that the linear macro model is sufficiently accurate in modelling circuit topologies of current conveyors to be useable in top-down methodology. The proposed method for calculation of component values in the linear macro model works well. The drawback is that it is only applicable on the current conveyor as an amplifier. An attempt was made to implement a method for the current conveyor as an integrator. But the lack of defined behavioural descriptions for the integrator led to an unsolvable equation system.

Detta projekt utforskar effektiviteten hos händelsestyrda API:er, med fokus på Bolagsverket. Med ett ökande behov av realtids- och responsiva system blir traditionella datapollningsmetoder otillräckliga. Projektet utvärderar händelsestyrda arkitekturer (EDA) och deras potentiella fördelar genom att jämföra MQTT, WebSocket och det befintliga SFTPprotokollet hos Bolagsverket baserat på olika prestandamått. Projektresultaten visar att MQTT och WebSocket erbjuder förbättringar i responsivitet och resursutnyttjande, vilket tyder på att deras implementering kan förbättra operativ effektivitet vid Bolagsverket. Resultaten stödjer en övergång mot mer dynamiska, händelsestyrda lösningar. / This project explores the efficiency of event-driven APIs, focusing on Bolagsverket (the Swedish Companies Registration Office). With an increasing need for real-time, responsive systems, traditional data polling methods are becoming insufficient. This project evaluates event-driven architectures (EDA) and their potential benefits, comparing MQTT, WebSocket, and the existing SFTP protocol with Bolagsverket based on various performance metrics. The project results demonstrate that MQTT and WebSocket offer improvements in responsiveness and resource utilization, suggesting their implementation could enhance operational efficiency at Bolagsverket. The findings support a transition towards more dynamic, event-driven solutions.

Radar is an invaluable tool for detecting and assessing threats on land, on the seas and in the air. To properly evaluate threats, radar operators construct threat libraries where the signal characteristics of emitters are stored and mapped to specific types of platforms. In this project, methods for constructing these threat detection libraries from data obtained during real-life scenarios are investigated. A number of machine learning approaches are investigated and validated using general and method specific scoring methods. Using density based clustering methods and non-linear data transformation it is shown that Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) and spatial consistency metrics can be used to deinterleave and group signals to radar trace emitting platforms, from which suitable library parameters can be extracted. The results show that traditional metrics for evaluating cluster methods are not suited for evaluating data containing spatial information. / Radar är ett ovärderligt verktyg för att upptäcka och identifiera hot på land, till havs och i luften. För att kunna utvärdera olika former av hot använder sig radaroperatörer av hotbibliotek, vilka består av olika radarplattformers signalparametrar. I det här projektet undersöks olika metoder för att bygga hotbibliotek med hjälp av verkliga data insamlat under flygningar i Sverige. Olika maskininlärningsmetoder undersöks och utvärderas med hjälp av både generella och specifika utvärderingsmetoder. Genom att använda sig av densitets- baserade klustringsmetoder och olinjära metoder för att transformera data så visas att hierarkisk densitetsbaserad spatial klustring för tillämningar med störningar (HDBSCAN) och utvärderingsmetoder som baseras på spatial karaktäristik kan användas för att separera och gruppera radarkällor, vilka kan användas för att finna parametrar för att bygga hotbibliotek. Det visas även att traditionella metoder för att utvärdera klustringsresultat inte lämpar sig för att utvärdera spatiala data.