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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Assay of Oral Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils for Assessment of Oral Inflammation in Pregnant Women

Huda, Sabrina 20 November 2012 (has links)
Background: A multitude of studies suggest an association between periodontal disease and adverse birth outcomes. Although the evidence is controversial, it is biologically plausible, and the key link maybe inflammation. Purpose: To correlate levels of periodontal disease as measured by conventional methods with PMN counts from an oral rinse in pregnant women. Methods: Sixty-three pregnant women were recruited. Periodontal examinations were carried out. Fifteen-second saline rinses were collected. ABTS, a colour changing redox agent was added to each rinse. The intensity of the colour reaction was measured by absorbance to count the oral PMNs. Results: A statistically significant difference in oral PMN counts was observed between those with periodontal disease and the healthy patients (P < .05). The sensitivity and specificity using the bleeding index was 0.94 and 0.76 respectively. Conclusions: The rinse assay can be used as a screening tool for periodontal disease and oral inflammation in pregnant women.
192

Assay of Oral Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils for Assessment of Oral Inflammation in Pregnant Women

Huda, Sabrina 20 November 2012 (has links)
Background: A multitude of studies suggest an association between periodontal disease and adverse birth outcomes. Although the evidence is controversial, it is biologically plausible, and the key link maybe inflammation. Purpose: To correlate levels of periodontal disease as measured by conventional methods with PMN counts from an oral rinse in pregnant women. Methods: Sixty-three pregnant women were recruited. Periodontal examinations were carried out. Fifteen-second saline rinses were collected. ABTS, a colour changing redox agent was added to each rinse. The intensity of the colour reaction was measured by absorbance to count the oral PMNs. Results: A statistically significant difference in oral PMN counts was observed between those with periodontal disease and the healthy patients (P < .05). The sensitivity and specificity using the bleeding index was 0.94 and 0.76 respectively. Conclusions: The rinse assay can be used as a screening tool for periodontal disease and oral inflammation in pregnant women.
193

The Impact of Neonatal Inflammatory Insult on Adult Somatosensory Processing: The Role of the Descending Nociceptive Circuit

LaPrairie, Jamie L 29 October 2008 (has links)
The neonatal period represents a critical window of increased neurodevelopmental plasticity in the immature nervous system. Unlike other sensory modalities, which require appropriate stimulation for proper development, maturation of nociceptive circuitry in neonates typically occurs in the absence of noxious stimulation. Premature infants, however, are routinely exposed to multiple invasive medical procedures during neonatal intensive care treatment, which are largely performed in the absence of anesthetics or analgesics. To date, it is largely unknown how exposure to early noxious insult during this time of increased plasticity alters the development of the CNS and influences future nociceptive responses. As previous studies examining the impact of neonatal inflammatory insult on adult nociceptive responses have been conducted primarily in males, the potential adverse effects in females are unknown. Furthermore, the biological mechanisms underlying neonatal insult-induced deficits in nociceptive processing have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this dissertation addressed the following questions: (1) Does neonatal inflammatory insult differentially alter male and female baseline somatosensory thresholds and response to re-inflammation in adulthood?; (2) Are neonatal inflammation-induced deficits in nociceptive responsiveness mediated by a potentiation in endogenous opioid tone?; and (3) Does pre-emptive morphine analgesia attenuate the behavioral consequences of neonatal inflammatory insult? Collectively, these studies will provide valuable information about the long-term consequences of neonatal noxious stimulation in males and females, which may lead to improved understanding and prevention of the lasting effects of repeated invasive interventions in premature infants in the NICU.
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194

Hemaglobinopathy and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Historical Cohort Study

Liu, Song 20 January 2012 (has links)
Pregnancy in women with hemoglobinopathy has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We conducted a historical cohort study using Discharge Abstract Database for the fiscal year 1991-1992 through 2007-2008. We estimated the frequency of pregnant women with hemoglobinopathy and examined their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women with sickle cell disease are more likely to develop pre-eclampsia and preterm labor, and to undergo cesarean delivery than women with nutritional deficiency anemia, suggesting that there are other mechanisms beyond anemia that may be responsible for an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data suggested a synergistic effect of hemoglobinopathy and pre-eclampsia on preterm labor and cesarean delivery. Prediction models for pre-eclampsia, preterm labor and cesarean delivery were created and internally validated for women with hemoglobinopathy, with satisfactory discrimination and calibration.
195

Prevalence and characterization of Gardnerella vaginalis in pregnant mothers with a history of preterm delivery

Stemmet, Megan January 2012 (has links)
<p>Risk factors such as intrauterine and vaginal infection put pregnant women at risk for delivering preterm. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial clinical syndrome commonly diagnosed in women of reproductive age, with women of African descent with low socioeconomic status and previous preterm delivery at high risk. Although frequently isolated from healthy women,&nbsp / Gardnerella vaginalis has been most frequently associated with BV. There is limited data available on the prevalence of BV in Southern Africa / therefore, we embarked on a study to determine the&nbsp / prevalence of BV and G. vaginalis in predominantly black communities in the Western Cape, in order to establish the role of G. vaginalis in BV. Women attending various Maternity and Obstetrics&nbsp / units (MOU) in the Cape Peninsula with and without a history of pre-term delivery (PTD) were invited to participate in the study. Several factors were statistically associated with pregnancy history,&nbsp / including location of study population, parity, smoking and presence of clinical symptoms. The presence of G. vaginalis was determined by culture in 51.7% of the preterm delivery group (PTDG)&nbsp / and 44% of the full-term delivery group (FTDG) women. BV was detected in 31.13% of PTDG and 23.67% of FTDG by Gram stained analysis according to Nugent scoring criteria, with age and HIV&nbsp / status posing as risk factors. When comparing PTDG and FTDG for an association between the presence of G. vaginalis and BV, a stronger association was observed in the PTDG but it was not statistically significant. In both PTDG and FTDG, G. vaginalis was isolated significantly more often in women diagnosed with BV at 24.5% (p &lt / 0.05). Antibiogram studies revealed both Metronidazole and Clindamycin resistant strains of G. vaginalis. G. vaginalis Biotype 7 is specifically associated with BV, while Biotype 2 appears to be associated with BV in women with a history&nbsp / of PTD. Accuracy of diagnostic tools were tested and it was determined that Nugent scoring is more sensitive in diagnosing BV (76.04%), but culture for G. vaginalis is more specific (83.21%). Although this study was limited in that we were unable to follow-up pregnancy outcomes, we were able to confirm the perceived role of G. vaginalis in BV.&nbsp / </p>
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196

The Role of Stress in Racial Disparities of Preterm and Low Birth Weight Births in Georgia

Sharapova, Saida R 20 December 2012 (has links)
SAIDA SHARAPOVA The role of stress in racial disparities of preterm and low birth weight births in Georgia (Under the direction of Richard Rothenberg, MD, MPH) Preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) are the leading causes of infant deaths in Georgia. Georgia PRAMS data (2004-2008) were analyzed for non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black women with singleton births, using SAS 9.2 survey procedures. Thirteen stressful life events experienced in a year before delivery, socio-demographic, medical and behavioral risks were used as predictors of PTB and LBW. Significant racial disparity in birth outcomes and risks was found. In Whites stressful events were associated with adverse birth outcomes in bivariate logistic regression, but weakened when controlling for other factors (income, education, maternal age, maternal health, alcohol and tobacco use, infant’s gender and birth defects). In Blacks, association between stressful events and adverse birth outcomes adjusted for other risks was stronger. Socio-economic factors and mother’s health status were more significant in predicting birth outcome. Women’s health and SES improvement might increase favorable pregnancy outcomes and reduce racial disparities.
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197

Faktorer med inverkan på föräldrars närvaro hos sitt extremt underburna barn på intensivvårdssal

Heinemann, Ann-Britt January 2011 (has links)
Syfte:Att beskriva föräldrars upplevelse av faktorer om har inverkan på deras närvaro hos sitt extremt underburna barn som vårdats på intensivvårdssal på neonatalavdelning. Material och metod: Semistrukturerade djupintervjuer utifrån en intervjuguide genomfördes under 2010 och 2011. Tretton föräldrar deltog i studien. De inspelade intervjuerna transkiberades ordagrant, och bearbetades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat:Föräldrar till extremt underburna barn som vårdais på intensivvårdssal beskrev skilda upplevelser av vården och uttryckte olika behov. Vårdtiden innebar ett känslomässigt pendlande från chock till en känsla av kontroll. Faktorer som underlättade närvaron hos barnet var möjlighet till boende på avdelningen. Att få ökade kunskaper och ta över vården av barnet stärkte föräldrarna i föräldrarollen och ökade motivationen till att vara hos barnet. Genom att känguruvårda barnet kände sig föräldrarna behövda vilket ökade deras närvaro. Försvårande faktorer var miljön på intensivvårdssalen som ibland upplevdes stressfylld med oacceptabelt hög ljudnivå vilket gjorde det svårt att sova och övernatta hos barnet. Personalens arbetssituation hade inverkan på möjlighet till känguruvård eftersom det ledde till väntan på att få hjälp vid förflyttning av barnet från kuvös till förälder. Närvaro vid smärtsamma procedurer upplevdes som försvårande för många av informanterna. / Aim:To describe parents’ experiences of factors that have an impact on their presence with their extremely premature infant who is cared in an intensive care nursery at a neonatal unit. Materials and method:Semi structured interviews based on an interview guide were conducted in 2010 and 2011. Thirteen parents participated in the study. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and processed by qualitative content analysis. Result: Parents of extremely preterm infants, who wore treated in an intensive care nursery, had different experiences of care and expressed different needs. The infant’s hospital stay was an emotional pendulum from chock to a sense of control. A factor that facilitated the parents’ presence with the child was the possibility to live in the neonatal unit. Attainment of more knowledge and taking over their infants’ care empowered the parents in their parental role, which increased their motivation to stay with their infant. Kangaroo Mother Care made parents feel needed which increased their presence. A hindering factor was the environment in the intensive care nursery. This was sometimes experienced as stressful with unacceptable levels of sound which rendered in sleeping difficulties and made it hard for the parents to stay over the night with the infant. Staff working conditions had an impact on their opportunities for Kangaroo Mother Care because this sometimes meant that parents had to wait for assistance with transfer of the infant from incubator to parent. Presence during painful procedures was perceived as an obstacle by several informants.
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198

Kroppstemperatur och vattenavdunstning via huden hos extremt underburna barn vid vård i kuvös och med kängurumetoden

Karlsson, Victoria, Heinemann, Ann-Britt January 2009 (has links)
Aim: To examine the reaction of extreme preterm infants with regarding to body temperature and transepidermal water loss during skin-to-skin care according to Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) during the infant’s first week of life. Method: This was a descriptive quantitatively designed study, which was a pilot study within the framework of a larger project. Nine children, with a median gestational age of 24.91 weeks, were examined by measuring body temperature (axilla and skin temperature) as well as transepidermal water loss before, during and after KMC. Results: The study showed that skin temperature tended to rise during KMC, especially for those children who were nursed with KMC for more than 60 minutes. Eight out of nine children had, after completing KMC, a normal axilla temperature. As was expected, transepidermal water loss was elevated when measured both pre and post test. Despite this, the children showed normal body temperature. Conclusion: The results of the study support that KMC can create a micro-climate that, for at least one hour, makes it possible for even extreme preterm infants to maintain a body temperature within the normal range during their first week of life.
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199

Barnsjuksköterskors uppfattningar av förutsättningar som bör finnas för att smärtskatta prematura barn : En fenomenografisk studie

Nystedt, Karin, Lind, Karolina January 2009 (has links)
<p>Forskning om smärta hos barn började ta fart i mitten på 1980-talet. Innan dess fanns uppfattningar av att barn inte upplevde smärta. Resultatet av denna forskning, som fortfarande pågår, har långsamt implementerats i praktiken. Först på 1990-talet omsattes dessa resultat i praktiken, av att barn ändå kunde känna smärta. Vårdpersonal fick en ökad medvetenhet om smärta och smärtskattning hos barn. Olika smärtskattningsinstrument för att bedöma smärta hos prematura barn har sedan dess utarbetats, men de tillämpas främst i studiesyfte och används bristfälligt i vården. Det finns flera hinder för att smärtskatta, till exempel brist på kunskap och barnsjuksköterskors attityd kring smärta.</p><p> </p><p>Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka barnsjuksköterskors uppfattningar av vilka förutsättningar som bör finnas för att smärtskatta prematura barn. Som metod användes fenomenografisk forskningsansats där sex barnsjuksköterskor blev intervjuade med öppna frågor. Resultatet av studien visar att barnsjuksköterskorna anser att kunskap om smärta och smärtbedömning är en av de viktigaste förutsättningarna. Ett lättförståeligt och lättillgängligt smärtskattningsinstrument, vårdpersonalens engagemang och familjefokuserad vård är andra förutsättningar som bör finnas. För att förbättra smärtskattningen måste först och främst kunskapen öka, genom både yrkesutbildning och fortbildning.</p> / <p> </p><p>In the middle of the eighties the research of pain in children increased. Before that there were conceptions that children did not feel pain. Results of this research, which is still in progress, has slowly been implicated in practice. In the nineties these results were put into practice, that children feel pain. The awareness of pain and pain assessment in children increased in nursing staff. Pain assessment tools, for judging pain in preterm children, has since then been developed. These are mostly used in studies and not enough at bedside. There are many hinder in pain assessment, for example lack of knowledge and nurses attitudes to pain.</p><p> </p><p>The aim of the study was to describe pediatric nurses' conceptions of what conditions that is necessary around judging pain in preterm children. A phenomenografic method with an open-ended questionnaire was used on six pediatric nurses'. The results of the study showed that pediatric nurses' has conceptions that knowledge about pain and pain assessment is the most important condition. A pain assessment tool that is easy to understand and accessible, nursing staff that is responsive and family centered care is other conditions that is necessary. To improve pain assessment nurses' knowledge needs to increase through different education.</p>
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200

Bewertung und Vergleich der psychischen Belastung von Müttern Frühgeborener und Müttern von Neugeborenen mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen innerhalb der ersten vier Lebenswochen

Wildner, Nina 28 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Das neugeborene Kind auf der Intensivstation liegen zu sehen, stellt für die Mütter immer eine enorme psychische Belastung dar. Vor allem in der heutigen Medizin, in der der Fortschritt sehr groß ist und immer neue Behandlungsmethoden im Vordergrund stehen, sollte die psychische Komponente nicht in den Hintergrund gestellt werden. Nicht nur für die Mütter selbst bedeutet diese neue, ungewohnte Situation eine große Belastung, sondern auch für das neugeborene Kind. Die Auswirkung auf die emotionale Befindlichkeit der Mütter wirkt sich letztendlich auch auf die Mutter- Kind- Interaktion und somit auf den Zustand des Kindes selbst aus. Um eine schnelle und optimale Genesung des Kindes zu gewährleisten, sollte nach Möglichkeit auch die Mutter optimal betreut werden und ihr psychischer Zustand zu jedem Zeitpunkt erkannt werden. Mit diesem Hintergrund und um eine optimale Betreuung der Mütter anzubieten, haben wir die vorliegende Studie durchgeführt. Dabei haben wir zunächst untersucht, inwiefern sich die emotionale Befindlichkeit von Müttern Frühgeborener und von Müttern Neugeborener mit kongenitalen Fehlbildungen über einen Zeitraum von 4 Wochen postnatal verändert. Die zweite Fragestellung, die wir in unserer Studie untersucht haben, befasste sich mit dem Vergleich der emotionalen Befindlichkeit von den Müttern der Gruppe I (Mütter von Frühgeborenen) mit den Müttern der Gruppe II (Mütter von Neugeborenen mit kongenitalen Fehlbildungen) bei Schwangerschaft und Geburt. Die dritte Fragestellung knüpft direkt an die zweite an. Hier wurde verglichen, wie sich die emotionale Befindlichkeit der Mütter beider Gruppen an den vier Befragungszeitpunkten verhält bzw. inwiefern sich die Aussagen der Mütter der beiden Gruppen unterscheiden. Um diese Fragen zu untersuchen, haben wir zuerst einen zweiteiligen Fragebogen in Zusammenarbeit mit Mitarbeitern der psychologischen Abteilung der Kinderklinik erstellt. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich inhaltlich mit den biosozialen Daten der Mütter, dem Verlauf der Schwangerschaft und der Geburt des Kindes. In dem zweiten Teil steht die emotionale Befindlichkeit der Mütter zum jeweiligen Befragungszeitpunkt sowie deren Einschätzung über ihr persönliches Umfeld, das Krankenhauspersonal und der Zukunft im Mittelpunkt. Die Datenerfassung wurde von Oktober 2006 bis Januar 2008 durchgeführt. Insgesamt nahmen 40 Frauen an der Studie teil, wobei 20 Mütter eines frühgeborenen Kindes waren und 20 Mütter eines Neugeborenen mit kongenitalen Fehlbildungen. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme für die Mütter war die freiwillige Zustimmung der Probandinnen und gute Deutschkenntnisse. Die Neugeborenen sollten unter der 35. Schwangerschaftswoche geboren sein oder eine kongenitale Fehlbildung aufweisen, bei der ersten Befragung nicht älter als drei Tage sein und auf der neonatologischen Intensivstation liegen. Die Erfassung der Daten wurde mittels Interview durchgeführt und fand in einem Zeitraum von 4 Wochen statt. Bei der Auswertung der Ergebnisse zeigte sich eine deutliche Tendenz. Über den gesamten Studienzeitraum nahmen negative Emotionen bei allen Müttern ab, während die positiven Emotionen genau wie zu Beginn der Interviews häufig als zutreffend angegeben wurden. Im zweiten Teil der Studie, also dem Vergleich der Aussagen der Mütter von Gruppe I (Frühgeborene) zu den Aussagen der Mütter der Gruppe II (Neugeborene mit kongenitalen Fehlbildungen), schätzten die Mütter der Frühgeborenen (Gruppe I) ihre Situation als signifikant negativer ein als die Mütter von Neugeborenen mit Fehlbildungen (Gruppe II). Auch der Schwangerschaftsverlauf und die Geburt wurde von ihnen ungünstiger bewertet als von den Müttern der anderen Gruppe. Dem gegenüber standen die Aussagen der Mütter der kranken Neugeborenen, die sich weniger von ihren Schwiegereltern verstanden und unterstützt fühlten als die Mütter der Frühgeborenen. Als wichtigste Aussagen der Studie können wir zusammenfassen, dass die psychische Belastung der Probandinnen vor allem direkt nach der Geburt groß ist und im folgenden Zeitraum von vier Wochen signifikant abnimmt. Die gesamte Situation wurde von den Müttern Frühgeborener als belastender und negativer eingeschätzt als den von Müttern Neugeborener mit kongenitalen Fehlbildungen. Ein frühgeborenes Kind oder ein Neugeborenes mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen ist immer eine außergewöhnliche Belastungssituation für die Mütter und die ganze Familie. Diese Studie weist noch einmal auf die Bedeutung dieser Problematik hin, auf den Stellenwert von professioneller Hilfe und auf die unterschiedlichen Bedürfnisse der Mütter zum jeweiligen Zeitpunkt.
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