This thesis undertakes analysis of members of the neighborhood anti-mosquito volunteer team which was co-established by the Kaohsiung City Gushan District Office and the Department of Health and finds members of the team have, for the most part, not sufficiently encouraged others to join or participate in dengue fever vector mosquito prevention. In addition, these team members lack proper concepts concerning individual prevention of dengue fever carrying mosquitoes. This study therefore advises anti-mosquito volunteers that anti-mosquito teams must emphasize education concerning environmental behavior, as well as increase public awareness of vector mosquito prevention and measures for individual prevention. In order to make dengue fever vector prevention more effective, it is necessary to start with environmental behavior. In addition to advocating for proper environmental behavior, education and information dissemination concerning environmental behavior must be strengthened so as to increase the effectiveness of the anti-mosquito volunteer workers in dengue fever vector prevention and allow them to attain better results. The possibility of a dengue fever epidemic is an annual threat to the health of the citizens in Southern Taiwan¡¦s Kaohsiung City. The most important tasks in creating a new precedent with respect to mosquito control are to determine how to utilize community and neighborhood anti-mosquito volunteer team resources, to increase efforts to instruct neighborhood citizens to rid their home environments of objects which can retain water, to rid communities of breading sites, to improve environmental sanitary conditions, and to continue advocating neighborhood environmental health works in order to lower vector density for dengue fever and reach the goal of having cleaner and healthier home environments. Needless to say, this type of policy requires the selfless contributions and enthusiastic participation of the community¡¦s citizens. With this in mind, we must ask whether assistance the government provides in can facilitate the effectiveness of anti-mosquito volunteer teams. In addition, we should inquire into what impressions anti-mosquito volunteers have concerning dengue fever vector prevention. This thesis examines the extent to which anti-mosquito volunteer team members¡¦ cognition of environmental literacy influences the effectiveness of dengue fever vector prevention through an analysis which examines the interaction between anti-mosquito volunteer team attributes, members¡¦ environmental literacy, and dengue fever vector prevention results. This study uses the questionnaire survey method and various statistics in compiling data and utilizes various statistical techniques to understand the relationship between these factors, find a clear policy direction, and make this work less arduous and more productive.

This diploma thesis deals with one of the most frequently used addictive stuffs - alcohol. The theoretical part contains the characteristics of the addiction and the syndrom of risky behaviour in the adolescent age, it deals with the topic of drugs and drug addiction. Later, it investigates alcohol - its characteristics, metabolism and intake, its effects on single organ systems, the levels and types of alcohol addiction. It focuses on the prevention of using addictive stuffs and alcohol and on the treatment of alcohol addiction. The practical part of the thesis settles the targets and the questions of the research. The main goal of the practical part, eventually of the whole thesis, was to analyze the basic school students' (sixth grade and higher) awareness of alcohol, its effects and the risk of it being consumed. As well as this, the aim was to find out whether the pupils have any experience with preventive programs and where they get in touch with these. The method of quantity research was used to hit these targets - semi-structured questionnaires for the pupils of basic schools (sixth grade and higher), followingly, school prevention methodologists were asked written questions. The questionnaries were filled in by 120 pupils of the 6th up to the 9th class of chosen basic schools. The results...

Genom åren har det konstaterats att brott inte sprider sig jämnt över ett lanskap. Istället har det visat sig att vissa platser är mer brottsattraktiva än andra. Dessa platser kallas ofta för hot spots och kunskapen om dessa har bidragit till framväxten av platsbaserad och platsspecifika brottsförebyggande insatser. I samband med dessa insatser diskuteras ofta effekter såsom omfördelning och positiva spridningseffekter. Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka omständigheterna bakom framförallt positiva spridningseffetker. Omständigheterna bakom positiva spridningseffekter har undersökts genom en systematisk översikt av studier som rapporterat om eller utvärderat en platsbaserad intervention eller experiment. Inga uppenbara gemensamma faktorer eller samband kunde urskiljas mellan de olika studierna gällande när positiva spridningeffekter sker och det kan konstateras att fenomenet är mycket komplext. Resultaten analyseras och förstås med hjälp av rutinaktivtetsteorin samt genom teorin om rationella val. Uppsatsen bygger på bevisen om att fler studier med positiva spridningseffkter i fokus bör genomföras. Genom att förstå när, var och varför spridningseffekter sker ökar också kunskapen om de preventiva insatserna och hur de kan designas för att nå bästa möjliga resultat. / Throughout the years it has been suggested that some places attract crime more than others. Those places are called hot spots of crime and the knowledge of them have contributed to the emergence of hot spot and targeted policing interventions. Hot spot policing is often discussed together with effects such as displacement of crime and diffusion of benefits. Through a systematic review of earlier studies that report or examine a hot spot policing effort or experiment this thesis aims to investigate the circumstances behind diffusion of benefits. No apparent commonalties or correlations are found between the different types of interventions regarding when diffusion of benefits occur. It can be concluded that the phenomenon is very complex. The results are analyzed and understood with the help of routine activity theory and rational choice theory. This thesis adds to the body of evidence that more studies with diffusion of benefits in focus need to be conducted. By understanding when, where and why diffusion of benefits occur the knowledge of crime prevention increases and also increases the knowledge of how to design the interventions to reach the best preventive gains.

Au cours de ces dernières années, les Déchets Solides Municipaux (DSM) se sont révélés comme une problématique environnementale et économique majeure dans tous les pays. Les quantités collectées et les dépenses publiques nécessaires à leurs gestions croissent de façon insoutenable et ce, particulièrement dans les pays en développement (y compris ceux en transition). Face à ce constat, notre thèse a pour objectif de proposer des éléments de compréhension ainsi que des recommandations pour les politiques publiques. Pour cela, nous avons combiné une approche macroéconomique, pour étudier les liens entre la quantité de DSM et la croissance économique, à une approche microéconomique centrée sur la question du financement par une taxe incitative. Les contributions de cette thèse sont de trois ordres et ont pour référence les pays méditerranéens. La première contribution a consisté à tester la viabilité de l’hypothèse de la Courbe Environnementale de Kuznets (CEK) dans un contexte d’ouverture au commerce international. Cette première approche a permis de déceler une relation monotone croissante entre l’intensité de la production des DSM et la croissance économique sur la période 1990-2010 et ce, quel que soit le niveau de revenu des pays. Ce qui nous conduit à la conclusion d’une incompatibilité entre les objectifs de croissance et de prévention de la production des DSM. La deuxième contribution a été l’occasion de considérer, dans un modèle théorique, le recyclage informel qui est une caractéristique commune au pays en développement. L’objectif de cette contribution a été d’une part d’analyser l’impact du recyclage informel sur l’efficacité d’une politique de taxation incitative et d’autre part, de déterminer les conditions optimales d’une telle politique en présence du recyclage informel. En étudiant l’efficacité d’une politique de taxation directe de type tarification à l’acte et d’une politique de taxation indirecte de type Deposit and Refund System (DRS), nous montrons que la présence du recyclage informel ne permet pas de faire coïncider optimum social et équilibre du marché. Cependant, la politique DRS peut être optimale, à condition de subventionner à la fois le recyclage formel et informel. Enfin, la troisième contribution est une étude économétrique des impacts du système de taxation incitative d’un pays riche méditerranéen. Cette étude vient du constat selon lequel les pays riches, contrairement aux pays en développement, mettent en œuvre plusieurs taxes incitatives de façon concomitante. Nous évaluons l’efficacité du système de taxation de la France, qui avec ses trois taxes incitatives est un cas d’école en la matière. Nous proposons dans cette contribution, à l’aide de tests économétriques sur données départementales, une mesure de l’élasticité de la quantité de DSM collectés, valorisés et éliminés par rapport à la Redevance sur l’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères (REOM), la Responsabilité Élargie du Producteur (REP) et la Taxe Générales sur les Activités Polluantes (TGAP). Les résultats montrent une complémentarité des trois taxes avec une supériorité de la REOM pour inciter les ménages à la prévention et à la valorisation, et une supériorité de la REP pour inciter les collectivités locales à la substitution des technologies d’élimination à celles de valorisation / In last decades, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a major environmental and economic problem in many countries. The quantity of MSW collected and the expenditures necessary for its management have rapidly increased, particularly in developing countries (including those in transition). Our thesis aims to shed light on the relationship between MSW collection and economic growth and to propose how public policy can sustainably manage this pollution. To attempt our objective, we combined a macro and micro economic approaches in theoretical and empirical studies. The contributions of this thesis are threefold and have the scope of Mediterranean countries. First, we complete the empirical literature on the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC) by studying the relationship between MSW collected and the economic growth over the period 1990-2010. The main added value of this study is the use of multiple imputations methodology to control for the sample bias due to missing values. We find out that MSW collected monotonically increase with income whatever countries’ income level. This leads us to conclude that the economic growth and MSW prevention are not compatible. So in a second contribution, we investigate, in a theoretical model, the efficiency of using market-based incentives to reach to objective of waste prevention and diversion from disposal in developing countries. We consider the common phenomenon of waste picking in these countries and we analyze the conditions in which a policy of Deposit and Refund System (DRS) can help to achieve the first best optimum. We first analyze the impact of waste picking on the effectiveness of the user fee and the DRS, then we show that social optimum and market equilibrium can be hold by taxing consumer goods and by subsidizing both formal recycling and waste picking. Our third contribution in this thesis is an econometric evaluation of French MSW taxing system in order to test the hypothesis of the complementarity of direct and indirect MSW incentive taxes in developed countries, which implement simultaneously several incentives taxes. Using data aggregate at French administrative departments level, we assess the prevention and substitution effects of the three incentive taxes namely the French user fee (La Redevance d’Enlèvement des Ordures Ménagères), the Extended Producer responsibility and disposal tax levied at landfill and incineration (la Taxe Générale sur les Activités Polluantes). We confirm the complementarity hypothesis of these taxes.