Thesis--Catholic University of America, 1942. / Bibliography: p. xv-xix.

Thesis--Columbia University, 1934. / Includes an explanation of the projects taught in the Church of the brethren mission school at Garkidda, Nigeria. Bibliography: p. 306-316.

No description available.

Diss.--Katholisch-theologische Fakultät--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1987.

No description available.

This thesis has two overarching aims. The first aim is to understand the origins and development of temperance and abstinence in British Methodism, particularly through the theology that informed what may broadly be called the Methodist teetotal movement in its period of greatest popularity from 1830 until 1919. The second is to consider the downfall of this movement in the period from 1945 until 1974, when the Methodist Connexion adopted the view that each Methodist “must consider his personal attitude to all drugs in relation to his Christian vocation”. The need for the study arises from the relative dearth of historical investigation regarding Methodism and abstinence. Representations of Methodism and abstinence tend either to be partisan or to lack wider understanding of the abstinence movement, or the theology of Methodism. Methodologically, this thesis attempts to hold together historical and theological considerations; it is important to consider both the socio-economic contexts in which diverse abstinence and teetotal movements arose and the theological motivations that drove British Methodist belief and practice. Regarding the origins and development of temperance and abstinence in British Methodism, it is proposed in this thesis that the Bible Christians were the first organised Methodist abstainers, and that their practice was likely to have been influenced by John Wesley's theologies of sanctification, holiness and Christian perfection. The thesis is an attempt to counter the Bible Christian’s diminished historical significance, as well as to investigate the likely impact of the theological underpinnings for their abstinence. Regarding the downfall of temperance and abstinence in British Methodism in the period from 1945 until 1974, this thesis will propose that a loss of focus upon holiness as a catalyst for abstinence was detrimental to the growth and continuation of the teetotal movement throughout Methodism after World War Two. It will highlight the general rejection of this focus on encouraged abstinence in the second half of the twentieth century, acknowledging the changes and disagreement within British Methodism to which this dismissal led. Concluding comments allude to the need for a renewed witness within British Methodism to societal and theological imperatives for both temperance and abstinence.

L'œuvre de Joyce Mansour est la trace foudroyante, voire inquiétante, du principe surréaliste des « vases communicants» : imprégnation de l'écrit par les blessures de la vie tapies dans l'inconscient; empreinte du désir, de la mort, d'un souffle vital indomptable, mais désespéré. Parallèlement, elle témoigne de l'emprise du visuel sur son écriture de chair en érigeant ce « miroir du désir» qui installe une résonance intime entre sa poésie et les œuvres de ses amis artistes. Dans leurs collaborations, ils se subliment, s'exaltent, se commentent, s'illustrent les uns les autres. À leur façon, ils partagent les mêmes angoisses, commettent les mêmes transgressions, exercent la même liberté. L'art et l'écrit se répondent. Cette thèse cherche à suivre le parcours symbiotique entre les images, les mots et la vie, qui traverse l'œuvre de Joyce Mansour. Il se révèle dans la collection d'œuvres d'art océanique qu'elle a constituée avec son mari, Samir Mansour ; dans les Objets méchants qu'elle crée à partir de matériaux récupérés, glanés ou achetés au BHV ... et qui expriment un besoin d'exalter la vie quotidienne, en extraire son essence afin d'échapper au piège de l'ennuie; dans les affinités électives entre elle et ces artistes qui nourrissent ses œuvres, comme elle nourrit les leurs. Ce « miroir du désir» est à la fois singulier - l'expression de la destinée d'une poétesse hantée par la mort et ses traumatismes - et collectif, puisqu'il semble répondre au paysage fantasmagorique d'une génération assoiffée de liberté, mais hantée, comme Joyce Mansour, par les charniers des guerres successives et révoltée par la non-vie des vivants. / Joyce Manour 's work is a striking, sometimes anguishing example of Breton's concept of « communicating vessels » : the subconscious's hidden wounds seep into her writing leaving traces of desire, death and an inextinguishable yet desparate will to live. Parallel to this, the very visual, camal nature of her words provides a « mirror of desire » which enables the intimate echoing between her poetry and the works of her artist friends. Through their collaborations, they sublimate, enhance, comment on and illustrate each other. Each in their own way, they share the same anguish. commit the same transgressions, exercise the sa me freedom. Art and poetry connect deeply. This thesis aims to follow the symbiosis between images, words and experiences which characterises Joyce Mansours work. It reveals itself in the collection of Oceanic art she built up with her husbanc, Samir Mansour ; in the Objets méchants she created using material gleaned from scrapyards or bought at the BHV ... which express a need to intensify daily life, seek its essence in order to escape tedium ; in the elective affinities she shares with with the artists that enrich her works, as she does theirs. This « mirror of desire» is both personal - an expression of the poetess' s destiny, haunted by death and its traumas - and collective, as it seems to reflect the phantasmagorical landscape of a generation hungry for freedom, but haunted, like Joyce Mansour, by the mass graves of successive wars, and in rebellion against the non-life of the living.

The rise of Late Antiquity as a separate discipline, with its focus on social history, has meant that the vast homiletic corpus of John Chrysostom has received renewed attention as a source for the wider cultural and historical context within which his sermons were preached. Recent studies have demonstrated the exciting potential his sermons have to shed light on aspects of daily life, popular attitudes and practices of lay piety. In short, Chrysostom's sermons have been recognised as a valuable source for the study of 'popular Christianity' and the extent of Christianization at the end of the fourth century. This thesis, however, will question the validity of some recent conclusions drawn from Chrysostom's sermons regarding the state of popular Christianity. A narrative has been developed in which Chrysostom is often seen as at odds with the congregations to whom he preached. On this view, the Christianity of élites such as Chrysostom had made little inroads into popular thought beyond the fairly superficial, and congregations were still living with older, more culturally traditional views about religious beliefs which preachers were doing their utmost to overcome. It is the argument of this thesis that such a portrayal is based on a misreading of Chrysostom's sermons, and which fails to explain satisfactorily the apparent popularity that Chrysostom enjoyed as a preacher. What this thesis sets out to do, therefore, is to reassess how we read Chrysostom's sermons, with a particular focus on the harsh condemnatory language which permeated his preaching, and on which the image of the contrary congregation is largely based. To do this, this thesis sets out to recover a neglected portrayal of Chrysostom as a pastor and preaching as a pastoral and liturgical activity, through an exploration of four different but overlapping aspects of the socio-historical context within which his preaching was set. A consideration of the scholastic, therapeutic, prophetic and liturgical nature of his preaching will shed light on the pastoral relationship between the preacher and his congregation and will, significantly, provide a backdrop against which his condemnatory language can be explained and understood. It will become clear that his use of condemnatory language says more about how he understood his role as preacher than about the extent of Christianization in late-antique society. Through focussing on the issues of the social composition of the congregation and the level of commitment to (Chrysostom's) Christianity, it will be argued that sermon texts are in their nature resistant to being used as sources for this kind of social history. Despite this, however, glimpses will also emerge of a very different picture of late-antique Christianity, in which Chrysostom's congregation are rather more willing to listen and learn from their preacher than is often assumed.

John Cassian is an Eastern-educated monk writing in the early fifth century for the monks of Gaul and is crucial to the development of Western monasticism through the transmission of Greek ascetic ideas to the Latin West. He is heavily influenced by the teachings of Evagrius Ponticus, a prolific late fourth-century Egyptian monk crucial to the development of Christian mysticism; however, there has been no clear line drawn between the influence of Evagrius and Cassian's own originality. While Cassian uses Evagrian asceticism to the fullest, he nevertheless places it onto a divergent theological foundation which fundamentally alters that inherited asceticism. Evagrius' asceticism is shaped by his anthropology, cosmology, soteriology, and eschatology - all of which are based on his understanding of Creation and Christology. The monk working through Evagrius' asceticism sees the world and all the divisions in it - e.g. body/soul, human/angel/demon, vice/virtue - as a temporary construct which facilitates the eventual obliteration of all divisions through salvation - including divisions between good and evil. Cassian, however, writes twenty years after Evagrius' death and in a changed theological atmosphere, in which Evagrius' basic premises have become more controversial. Cassian is able to work an ascetic program previously defined by Evagrian theology into a legitimate and coherent asceticism based on a different understanding of Creation. This resembles Evagrius' asceticism to such an extent, that he has been called "merely a Latin translator". However, through fleshing out and comparing Cassian's understanding of the practical, the eight principal vices, the spiritual battle, and the contemplative life, it becomes clear that Cassian has a fundamentally different understanding of Creation and Christology, and this changes the relationship between body and soul, created and Creator, and corruption and salvation - all fundamental areas in an effective and coherent asceticism. Therefore, although the frame of his asceticism is Evagrian, the theological underpinnings of that asceticism create a vastly different experience for the monk through a different definition of humanity and the relationship between created and Creator.

This thesis examines the theology of the fourth-century bishop, Hilary of Poitiers, concentrating particularly on two commentaries written at different times in his life. The thesis starts by examining the texts, and demonstrates that Hilary's commentary on Psalm 118 is loosely speaking a translation of Origen; by comparing both authors with Ambrose, the relationship between Origen and Hilary appears much closer than previously thought. The main body of the thesis examines Hilary's anthropological theology. Three chapters look at created human nature, looking at the relationship between body and soul, human nature as imago dei, and the extent to which human nature can be treated as a platonic universal. The general conclusion is that Hilary is not particularly platonic, and at this stage is not particularly stoic either, but rather is eclectic in his choice of philosophical ideas. The influence of Origen is clear but Hilary only uses Origen's theology critically. There follow four chapters on the Fall and its impact, focussing particularly on its effects on human nature. In particular it is shown that Hilary presages Augustine's teaching of the fallen will; in Hilary the Will is described as being in thrall to her mother-in-law Disobedience. Another human malady is the effect of the passions or emotions, where Hilary is influenced by Stoic ideas of the process of human action; nevertheless, concepts such as apatheia or the propatheiai do not appear in his work. These constraints on human action point towards Hilary's theology of original sin; indeed he appears to be the first author to use the phrase peccata originis in this sense. In the concluding chapter, Hilary's place in the continuum between Origen and Augustine is demonstrated; at very least, original sin cannot be called an African doctrine, since it first is named by Hilary, a Gaul.