Orientador: Alexandre César Rodrigues da Silva / Resumo: Devido ao grande avanço da tecnologia e à miniaturização de circuitos, o estudo de sistemas lógicos que podem ser aplicados à nanotecnologia vem sendo realizado de forma abrangente. Para criação de circuitos nanoeletrônicos destacam-se a lógica reversível e a lógica majoritária. Neste trabalho é proposto o algoritmo MPC, utilizado para síntese de lógica majoritária. O algoritmo recebe uma tabela verdade como entrada e retorna uma função majoritária que cobre o mesmo conjunto de mintermos. A criação de uma função de saída válida é realizada a partir da combinação entre funções primitivas previamente otimizadas. Como critério de custo busca-se a geração de funções que tenham a menor quantidade de níveis, seguida da menor quantidade de operadores, inversores e literais. Nesse trabalho também é realizada a comparação do MPC com o algoritmo exact_mig, considerado o melhor algoritmo para síntese de funções majoritárias atualmente. O exact_mig codifica a síntese exata de funções utilizando a quantidade de níveis e operadores como critério de custo. O MPC utiliza dois critérios de custo adicionais, o número de inversores e o número de literais, com o objetivo de otimizar ainda mais os resultados gerados pelo exact_mig. Dessa forma, o MPC busca a síntese de funções que possuam a mesma quantidade de níveis e de operadores, mas com uma quantidade menor de inversores e literais. Testes mostraram que ambos os algoritmos retornam soluções ótimas para todas as funções com 3 variáveis de ent... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Due to technology advancements and circuits miniaturization, the study of logic systems that can be applied to nanotechnology has been progressing steadily. Among the creation of nanoeletronic circuits the reversible and majority logic stands out. This paper proposes the MPC (Majority Primitives Combination) algorithm, used for majority logic synthesis. The algorithm receives a truth table as input and returns a majority function that covers the same set of minterms. The formulation of a valid output function is made with the combination of previously optimized functions. As cost criteria the algorithm searches for a function with the minimum number of levels, followed by the minimum number of gates, inverters, and literals. In this paper it's also presented a comparison between the MPC and the exact_mig, currently considered the best algorithm for majority synthesis. The exact_mig encode the exact synthesis of majority functions using the number of levels and gates as cost criteria. The MPC considers two additional cost criteria, the number of inverters and the number of literals, with the goal to further improve exact_mig results. Therefore, the MPC aims to synthesize functions with the same amount of levels and gates, but with less inverters and literals. Tests have shown that both algorithms return optimal solutions for all functions with 3 input variables. For functions with 4 inputs, the MPC is able to further improve 66% of all functions and achieves equal results for ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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Cette recherche a pour but de se questionner sur l'impact de la diminution du caribou sur les savoirs écologiques traditionnels chez les communautés innues de la péninsule Québec-Labrador. Il est à noter que, depuis des milliers d'années, la chasse au caribou structure la réalité de ce peuple de chasseurs et façonne leur conception du monde et les savoirs qui en découlent. L'hypothèse soutenue est que la destruction de l'habitat du caribou est une forme de colonisation épistémique. Suivant la théorie de l'accumulation primitive, j'expose les outils juridiques qui ont permis aux États et aux capitalistes de s'approprier légalement les terres innues pour y exploiter les ressources. L'intention ici est de soulever la fonction duale dont est investie la terre, soit, d'un côté, comprise comme assise de la domination coloniale, donc vitale à la formation de l'État canadien et au développement colonial-capitaliste, et, d'un autre côté, permettant la subsistance matérielle et spirituelle des sociétés innues, tel qu'au moyen de la chasse au caribou. Le territoire en tant que médium des savoirs sera alors remplacé par une nouvelle conception du territoire synonyme d'accumulation de capital et d'exploitation des écosystèmes. On comprendra alors que la conquête coloniale passe d'abord et continue de se nourrir par un assujettissement ontologique et que l'imposition de cette réalité ontologique empêche les savoirs écologiques traditionnels de subsister dans un contexte qui nourrit leur existence et leur réalité.

The diploma thesis is focused on psychomotor development in children with cerebral palsy in context of persisting primitive reflexes. Opening chapters summarize theoretical knowledge about cerebral palsy, its etiology, clinical picture, forms and comprehensive diagnostics, including special education. The next part of the thesis focuses on psychomotor development of a child with cerebral palsy, in particular the gross and fine motor activity development and speech development. The main section of the thesis discusses the neurophysiological principles of primitive reflexes and their relevance for early development of a child. The primitive reflexes, one by one, as well as the influence of their persistence on the psychomotor development of the child with cerebral palsy and options of their integration by selected therapeutic concepts are presented. Attention is also paid to the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation of medical rehabilitation and special pedagogical care in the field of primitive reflexology. The practical part is based on qualitative methodology ad its operates with data gained from three case studies. The aim of the diploma thesis is to examine by means of case studies whether or not the integration of primitive reflexes demonstrably improves the psychomotor skills, behavior,...

Thesis (M.Ed. (Mathematics)) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / Traditionally, mathematics has been perceived as objective, abstract, absolute and universal subject that is devoid of social and cultural influences. However, the new perspective has led to the perceptions that mathematics is a human endeavour, and therefore it is culture-bound and context-bound. Mathematics is viewed as a human activity and therefore fallible. This research was set out to explore geometrical concepts involved in the traditional circular buildings in Mopani district of Limpopo Province and relate them to the classroom learning in grade 11 classes. The study was conducted in a very remote place and a sample of two traditional circular houses from Xitsonga and Sepedi cultures was chosen for comparison purposes because of their cultural diversity. The questions that guided my exploration were: • Which geometrical concepts are involved in the design of the traditional circular buildings and mural decorations in Mopani district of the Limpopo Province? • How do the geometrical concepts in the traditional circular buildings relate to the learning of circle geometry in grade 11 class? The data were gathered through my observations and the learners’ observations, my interviews with the builders and with the learners, and the grade 11 learners’ interaction with their parents or builders about the construction and decorations of the traditional circular houses. I used narrative configurations to analyse the collected data. Inductive analysis, discovery and interim analysis in the field were employed during data analysis. From my own analysis and interpretations, I found that there are many geometrical concepts such as circle, diameter, semi-circle, radius, centre of the circle etc. that are involved in the design of the traditional circular buildings. In the construction of these houses, these concepts are involved from the foundation of the building to the roof level. All these geometrical concepts can be used by both educators and learners to enhance the teaching and learning of circle geometry. Further evidence emerged that teaching with meaning and by relating abstract world to the real world makes mathematics more relevant and more useful.

This thesis examines the question of how primitive states form. The first part of the thesis defines a state. I then analyse Hobbes�s Theory of the Commonwealth by Acquisition (TCA), expounded in Leviathan. I conclude that this theory fails as an answer to the question of how primitive states form as it suffers from at least five major flaws. I go on to explain, modify and correct Hobbes�s TCA through techniques that have been used in modern critiques of Hobbes�s Theory of the Commonwealth by Institution. The result is the strongest possible answer that Hobbes can give to the question of how primitive states form. I conclude that his attempt fails as even if the technical aspects of his theory can be fixed, the overall problem of empirical falsification occurs. I then put forward my own theory, based on the modified Hobbesian theory. The major innovation is the replacement of individuals with groups in the Hobbesian State of Nature. This move answers the problem of empirical falsification, at least initially. The theory also helps to explain several of the more technical problems with Hobbes�s theory. The resulting theory is a Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation. The next step in the thesis is to match the Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation to the empirical evidence of primitive state formation, represented by anthropology. I analyse the anthropological literature and put forward that at least one recent research program in anthropology matches my Hobbesian theory of primitive state formation. I conclude that Hobbesian theory, based on the TCA can be successfully modernised into a plausible answer to the question of how primitive states formed.

Il "Traité de la formation méchanique des langues et des principes physiques de l'étymologie" (1765) di Charles de Brosses presenta una teoria materialistica dell'origine e dell'evoluzione del linguaggio nella quale il significato delle parole è considerato come un'immagine dell'articolazione fisiologica dei suoni. Questa teoria ha influenzato la "Grammaire" (1775) di Condillac e ha svolto un ruolo importante nella nascita di una concezione scientifica del linguaggio.

La myélofibrose primitive (MFP) est un néoplasme myéloprolifératif (NMP) chronique BCR-ABL1-négatif associant une dérégulation de l'hématopoïèse (myéloprolifération, dysmégacaryopoïèse et migration des cellules souches et progéniteurs hématopoïétiques (CSH/PH)) à une altération du stroma médullaire et splénique (fibrose ostéomyélosclérose, néoangiogenèse). Le mégacaryocyte (MK) est un acteur majeur de sa pathogenèse, via la production de cytokines et facteurs fibrosants, dans un contexte inflammatoire. Plusieurs arguments suggèrent que les mutations JAK2V617F et MPL515L/K qui caractérisent les NMP ne sont pas les événements initiaux de la MFP car elles ne sont retrouvées que chez la moitié des patients. L'objectif de mon travail a été de rechercher si d'autres anomalies, géniques ou non, pouvaient expliquer la pathogenèse de la MFP. Pour cela, parallèlement à une démarche génomique (transcriptome et CGH array), nous avons développé une approche de biologie cellulaire ciblée sur le rôle du stroma hématopoïétique. Bien que n'ayant pas identifié d'autres anomalies génomiques que celles décrites dans la littérature et en particulier, la délétion 13q, les approches génomiques que nous avons développées nous ont permis de préciser les bornes de cette délétion dans les PH CD34+ et les polynucléaires des patients. Cette délétion (région chromosomique minimale 13q14-13q21) est située à 2 mégabases (télomérique) du cluster FLT où est localisé le gène FLT3. Plusieurs arguments nous ont ensuite conduits à rechercher si le couple Flt3-ligand/Flt3 était impliqué dans la dérégulation de l'hématopoïèse et plus particulièrement dans la dysmégacaryopoïèse observée chez les patients. Parmi ceux-ci, citons : 1) l'existence d'une modulation d'expression de gènes inclus dans la zone de délétion 13q et dans le cluster FLT, dont le gène FLT3 et 2) le fait que Flt3, un récepteur clé de la régulation de l'hématopoïèse primitive, soit souvent impliqué dans la pathogenèse d'hémopathies malignes et que son ligand, Flt3-ligand, soit majoritairement produit par le stroma hématopoïétique. Notre étude montre une dérégulation de Flt3 et des MAPKs p38 dans les PH CD34+ et les MK des patients atteints de MFP et ceci, quelque soit leur statut mutationnel Jak2. Elle démontre également que la persistance de la stimulation de l'axe Flt3/p38 en réponse à une production accrue de Flt3 ligand, participe à la dysmégacaryopoïèse qui caractérise la maladie. En effet, nous avons mis en évidence : 1) une augmentation du taux sérique de Flt3 ligand et de son expression par les cellules du stroma médullaire et splénique ainsi que par les PH des patients atteints de MFP, 2) une surexpression spécifique de son récepteur Flt3 et de sa phosphorylation dans les CSH/PH CD34+ et les progéniteurs mégacaryocytaires (MK), qui persistent au cours de la différenciation MK, quelque soit le statut mutationnel de Jak2 des patients, 3) une activation de Flt3 dans les progéniteurs MK en réponse au Flt3 ligand conduisant à la phosphorylation en cascade de la voie de signalisation des MAPKs p38 et à l'expression de ses gènes cibles tels que AP-1, p53, NFATc4, ATF2, IL-8, 4) une restauration de la mégacaryopoïèse et une inhibition de la migration (Flt3-ligand)-dépendante des progéniteurs MK des patients après inhibition de Flt3 ou de p38.Nos résultats confirment l'importance d'une altération des MAPKs dans une dérégulation de l'hématopoïèse et soulignent le rôle d'une activation persistante de la voie p38, via le couple Flt3-ligand/Flt3, dans la dysmégacaryopoïèse qui caractérise la myélofibrose primitive. Ils suggèrent également que cette dérégulation participe au processus inflammatoire à l'origine de la réaction stromale et " lit " d'une transformation leucémique potentielle. Ce dialogue altéré entre les cellules hématopoïétiques pathologiques (Bad seeds), en particulier mégacaryocytaires et les cellules stromales (Bad soil), conforte notre concept " Bad seeds in Bad soil ". Ce travail pourrait contribuer à l'amélioration de ce dialogue par des approches thérapeutiques ciblées sur l'axe Flt3-ligand/Flt3 médié par l'activation de p38 qui, en réduisant le processus inflammatoire, rétablirait un lien entre le " Seed " et le " Soil ".

This thesis consists of a summary and three papers, concerning some aspects of representation theory for complex finite dimensional semi-simple Lie algebras with focus on the BGG-category O. Paper I is motivated by the many useful properties of functors on category O given by tensoring with finite dimensional modules, such as projective functors and translation functors. We study properties of functors on O given by tensoring with arbitrary (possibly infinite dimensional) modules. Such functors give rise to a faithful action of O on itself via exact functors which preserve tilting modules, via right exact functors which preserve projective modules, and via left exact functors which preserve injective modules. Papers II and III both deal with Kostant's problem. In Paper II we establish an effective criterion equivalent to the answer to Kostant's problem for simple highest weight modules, in the case where the Lie algebra is of type A. Using this, we derive some old and new results which answer Kostant's problem in special cases. An easy sufficient condition derived from this criterion using Kazhdan-Lusztig combinatorics allows for a straightforward computational check using a computer, by which we get a complete answer for simple highest weight modules in the principal block of O for algebras of rank less than 5. In Paper III we relate the answer to Kostant's problem for certain modules to the answer to Kostant's problem for a module over a subalgebra. We also give a new description of a certain quotient of the dominant Verma module, which allows us to give a bound on the multiplicities of simple composition factors of primitive quotients of the universal enveloping algebra.

The general purpose of this thesis is to provide a gendered analysis of the ways in which States use their power to facilitate and promote accumulation, specifically primitive accumulation. I will seek to demonstrate in this study that women, classed and racialised, and especially those migrating within the neo-liberal global political economy are exploited not only through the classical alienation of their labour, but from the application of the additional extra-economic power of patriarchy and the tools that provides to states, and typically male owning classes. Women&rsquo / s position in patriarchal society and patriarchal capitalism may transform their experiences with capital and the state into a relationship of accumulation by dispossession rather than having their labour alienated and exploited under typical expanded reproduction. States use the constructions of women as subordinate under patriarchy, as well as others about migrant labour, or about the &lsquo / aberrant&rsquo / nature of sex work, to justify the use of women&rsquo / s bodies in the sex trade in a way that promotes the primitive accumulation, or accumulation by dispossession of surplus value from their labour and bodies. This study will use the Turkish Republic of northern Cyprus as an example to highlight the arguments made about the ability of a patriarchal state in collusion with capital, to use the extra controls afforded by patriarchy to primitively accumulate wealth from women, and to reproduce that ability on a continuous scale.