Esta investigação tem por objeto o estudo do princípio da continuidade do serviço público. Inicia-se pela definição de serviço público (e de serviço público essencial) e os princípios que regem a prestação dos mesmos. Aborda-se a matéria em relação às leis de concessões e os direitos e garantias dos usuários dos serviços delas decorrentes, somadas às garantias constitucionais e consumeristas. Enfrenta-se o problema da interrupção do serviço público por inadimplemento e o direito de greve, em face do princípio da continuidade. No intuito de cumprir tal tarefa, realizou-se cuidadosa análise dos entendimentos doutrinários nacionais e estrangeiro, adotando-se o método analítico. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas, por sua vez, foram a bibliográfica, em livros e artigos extraídos de revistas especializadas, através da qual foram reveladas as semelhanças e as oposições existentes entre os entendimentos formulados pela doutrina. Por fim, manifestamos nosso entendimento sobre o assunto. / This investigation has as main objective analyzes the principle of continuity public service, facing the problem of the interruption of essential public service because of the default and the right of strike. Starts studying the definition of essential public service and its principles taking to account the concession law, the rights and guarantees of the consumers and the constitutional precepts about the subject. Intending to fulfill this duty, it was made a carefully analyses of the national and foreigner authors, using the analytic method to examine these documents. The bibliography method had revealed resemblances and differences between the authors opinions and the rules of law that are related in the conclusion of this research.

Esta investigação tem por objeto o estudo do princípio da continuidade do serviço público. Inicia-se pela definição de serviço público (e de serviço público essencial) e os princípios que regem a prestação dos mesmos. Aborda-se a matéria em relação às leis de concessões e os direitos e garantias dos usuários dos serviços delas decorrentes, somadas às garantias constitucionais e consumeristas. Enfrenta-se o problema da interrupção do serviço público por inadimplemento e o direito de greve, em face do princípio da continuidade. No intuito de cumprir tal tarefa, realizou-se cuidadosa análise dos entendimentos doutrinários nacionais e estrangeiro, adotando-se o método analítico. As técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas, por sua vez, foram a bibliográfica, em livros e artigos extraídos de revistas especializadas, através da qual foram reveladas as semelhanças e as oposições existentes entre os entendimentos formulados pela doutrina. Por fim, manifestamos nosso entendimento sobre o assunto. / This investigation has as main objective analyzes the principle of continuity public service, facing the problem of the interruption of essential public service because of the default and the right of strike. Starts studying the definition of essential public service and its principles taking to account the concession law, the rights and guarantees of the consumers and the constitutional precepts about the subject. Intending to fulfill this duty, it was made a carefully analyses of the national and foreigner authors, using the analytic method to examine these documents. The bibliography method had revealed resemblances and differences between the authors opinions and the rules of law that are related in the conclusion of this research.

This thesis deals with the use of inquiry-based approaches in primary school science. The aim is to investigate the goals and purposes that are constituted by the curriculum and by the teachers in interviews and through their teaching in the classroom. The results are used to develop conceptual tools that can be used by teachers’ in their work to support students’ learning of science when using an inquiry-based approach. The thesis is comprised of four papers. In paper one a comparative analysis is made of five Swedish national curricula for compulsory school regarding what students should learn about scientific inquiry. In paper two 20 teachers were interviewed about their own teaching using inquiry. Classroom interactions were filmed and analyzed in papers three and four, which examine how primary teachers use the various activities and purposes of the inquiry classroom to support learning progressions in science. The results of paper one show how the emphasis within and between the two goals of learning to carry out investigations and learning about the nature of science shifted and changed over time in the different curricula. Paper two describes the selective traditions and qualities that were emphasized in the teachers’ accounts of their own teaching. The results of papers three and four show how students need to be involved in the proximate and ultimate purposes of the teaching activities for progression to happen. The ultimate purposes are the scientific purposes for the lesson (as given by the teacher or by the curriculum), whereas the proximate purposes are the more student-centered purposes that through different activities should allow the students to relate their own experiences and language to the ultimate purpose. The results show the importance of proximate purposes working as ends-in-view in the sense of John Dewey, meaning that the students see the goal of the activity and that they are able to relate to their experiences and familiar language. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: In press. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

This thesis deals with the use of inquiry-based approaches in primary school science. The aim is to investigate the goals and purposes that are constituted by the curriculum and by the teachers in interviews and through their teaching in the classroom. The results are used to develop conceptual tools that can be used by teachers’ in their work to support students’ learning of science when using an inquiry-based approach. The thesis is comprised of four papers. In paper one a comparative analysis is made of five Swedish national curricula for compulsory school regarding what students should learn about scientific inquiry. In paper two 20 teachers were interviewed about their own teaching using inquiry. Classroom interactions were filmed and analyzed in papers three and four, which examine how primary teachers use the various activities and purposes of the inquiry classroom to support learning progressions in science. The results of paper one show how the emphasis within and between the two goals of learning to carry out investigations and learning about the nature of science shifted and changed over time in the different curricula. Paper two describes the selective traditions and qualities that were emphasized in the teachers’ accounts of their own teaching. The results of papers three and four show how students need to be involved in the proximate and ultimate purposes of the teaching activities for progression to happen. The ultimate purposes are the scientific purposes for the lesson (as given by the teacher or by the curriculum), whereas the proximate purposes are the more student-centered purposes that through different activities should allow the students to relate their own experiences and language to the ultimate purpose. The results show the importance of proximate purposes working as ends-in-viewin the sense of John Dewey, meaning that the students see the goal of the activity and that they are able to relate to their experiences and familiar language. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: In press. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

In the last stage of development of capitalism, transfers of businesses are frequent. For this purpose, legal systems have regulated procedures to protect creditors and shareholders. In Peruvian legal system, the General Law of Corporations regulates these kinds of transfers through mergers, divisions and reorganizations. However, those operations influence in employment relationships because of the translation of its productive organizations. Even though, there is no regulation to determine the consequences of transfer in these kinds of relations in an organizational way, this legal gap is tend to be solved through the application of the principle of continuity developed by Peruvian jurisprudence.In this short paper, it defines the concept, elements, and the effects of the transfer of an undertaking from the perspective of labor law, giving special attention to the analysis of what the author calls “collateral “ or unwanted effects transfer , as aspects that go beyond the principle of continuity to safeguard labor rights. / En la última fase de evolución del capitalismo es frecuente el uso de operaciones comerciales de traspaso empresarial, para la cual los ordenamientos jurídicos han regulado procedimientos facilitadores, donde se ha puesto énfasis en la protección de acreedores y de titulares de acciones o participaciones de las sociedades. Así en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, la Ley General de Sociedades contiene disposiciones que regulan la transmisión de empresa a través de operaciones mercantiles como fusiones, escisiones y reorganizaciones. Sin embargo, estas operaciones inciden también en las relaciones laborales, toda vez que suponen el traspaso de la organización productiva. No hay regulación que determine de forma orgánica las consecuencias de la transmisión de empresa en las relaciones laborales, laguna que ha pretendido ser cubierta a través del principio de continuidad, desarrollado jurisprudencialmente. En este trabajo de corta extensión se delimita el concepto, los elementos, y los efectos de la transmisión de empresa, desde la perspectiva del derecho del Trabajo, dando especial relevancia al análisis de lo que la autora denomina efectos “colaterales” o no deseados del traspaso, como aspectos que superan la aplicación del principio de continuidad para la salvaguarda de derechos laborales.