<p>The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of threats and violence within a Swedish penal institution. The study was thematized according to the three main research questions. These were as follows; The threats and violence prison staff have experienced in their workplace (I) how these experiences affected them in their work performances (II) and in their private life (III). By a qualitative design, in-depth interviews were carried out with four persons who are, or formerly have been, gainfully employed at a penal institution. Concepts from the theory of symbolic interactionism and a theory of human action have been used in the analysing process of this paper. The study showed that all respondents had experiences of threats and/or violence as well as been witnessing the phenomenon. This also showed to be something that had been affecting them in their work e.g. by changes of departments, sick leaves and a different treatment of offenders through avoiding certain inmates and situations. The respondents exposure of threats and violence was related to understaffing and management structure. The study further showed that the respondents were affected in their private life in terms of a changed outlook on people, mood changes and also through a blunting concerning fear.</p>

The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of threats and violence within a Swedish penal institution. The study was thematized according to the three main research questions. These were as follows; The threats and violence prison staff have experienced in their workplace (I) how these experiences affected them in their work performances (II) and in their private life (III). By a qualitative design, in-depth interviews were carried out with four persons who are, or formerly have been, gainfully employed at a penal institution. Concepts from the theory of symbolic interactionism and a theory of human action have been used in the analysing process of this paper. The study showed that all respondents had experiences of threats and/or violence as well as been witnessing the phenomenon. This also showed to be something that had been affecting them in their work e.g. by changes of departments, sick leaves and a different treatment of offenders through avoiding certain inmates and situations. The respondents exposure of threats and violence was related to understaffing and management structure. The study further showed that the respondents were affected in their private life in terms of a changed outlook on people, mood changes and also through a blunting concerning fear.

Although parole boards have discretion and responsibility for deciding if and when prison inmates will be released on parole, previous studies of parole decisionmaking have found that the recommendations made by prison staff weigh heavily in parole decisions. In light of these findings it is surprising that the prison recommendation process has not come under greater scrutiny. What contributes to release recommendations made by prison superintendents, whether those recommendations are influenced by those made by lower level prison staff, and the factors shaping the latter, have not yet been explored by criminal justice scholars. It is the purpose of this research to examine parole release recommendations made at the prison decisionmaking stage. Practices followed by prison staff within one large state prison system as they formulated release recommendations for a random sample of 1610 parole applicants were examined. Of these applicants, 58% were recommended for release by unit management teams that operated on the cell block level. Using multi-level modeling it was possible to take into account characteristics related to applicants and prison staff teams, as well as institutions. Observations of decisionmaking teams and conversations with prison staff supplemented and contributed to the interpretation of quantitative findings. Results showed significant variation across teams and institutions in both the probability of an applicant receiving a positive recommendation for release--even after controlling for applicant and decisionmaking attributes--and in the strength of the influence of one applicant attribute: number of misconducts. A strong concordance also was found between recommendations made by lower level prison staff teams and prison superintendents. The findings have implications for prison and parole policies, the relationship between prison personnel and paroling authorities, prison operational procedures, and the perceptions of people who are incarcerated. / Criminal Justice

Orientadores: Sílvia Maria Santiago, Celene Aparecida Ferrari Audi / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T13:54:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_HeloisaMarisMartins_M.pdf: 1807448 bytes, checksum: 276d2c0b7484cf3d6c14ed87727b8c72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo descrever o perfil dos trabalhadores de uma penitenciária feminina do estado de São Paulo de forma a conhecer suas necessidades e desenvolver ações de promoção à saúde e prevenção de doenças. Para atingir este objetivo serão abordadas características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, condições de saúde e transtorno mental comum. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal que faz parte do Projeto Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher no Cárcere e dos Servidores da Penitenciária Feminina de Campinas ¿ SP, desenvolvido por pesquisadores do Departamento de Saúde Coletiva (DSC) da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FCM-UNICAMP). Os dados foram obtidos através de questionário. O hábito de fumar, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e o transtorno mental comum foram avaliados a partir da aplicação de instrumentos validados que são respectivamente, Teste de Fagerström, AUDIT e SQR 20. Foram entrevistados 127 servidores envolvidos tanto na área administrativa quanto na área de segurança. A maioria dos trabalhadores é do sexo feminino (57,9%), a média de idade foi 41,3 anos (DP 10,2). Vivem em união conjugal 63,5% dos entrevistados e 75,4% tem filhos. Quanto à escolaridade, 50% dos servidores já cursou ou está cursando o curso superior. Foi encontrado que 63,5% trabalham na área de segurança, carga horária média de 38,6 horas por semana (DP=5,1), tempo de trabalho nesta unidade prisional de 10 anos ou mais em 48,7% dos casos, sendo que 68,2% tem renda de até 4 salários mínimos.Não foi encontrada prevalência de doenças crônicas estatisticamente diferente da população geral e de outros estudos. O transtorno mental comum foi encontrado em 15.2% da amostra / Abstract: This research was designed to describe the profile of the staff of a female prison in São Paulo State to subsidize actions of health promotion and disease prevention. Designed as a cross-sectional study, it is part of the project "Atenção Integral á Saúde da Mulher no Cárcere e dos Servidores da Penitenciária Feminina de Campinas-SP" and it investigates sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, health conditions and commom mental disorder. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Smoking cigarettes, alcohol use and common mental disorder were investigated using validated questionnaires: Fagesrström Test, AUDIT and SRQ20, respectively. There were interviewed 127 workers involved in administrative or security areas. The majority of the staff is female (57.9%), the mean age is 41.3 years (SD= 10,2). 63,5% of the interviewed workers live with a partner and 75.4% have children. Coming to education, 50% have reached or are enrolled in a graduate course. We found that 63,5% of the workers are in the security area, the mean weekly workload is 38.6 hours (SD=5.1), presenting a mean time of work in this prison of 10 or more years in 48.3% of the cases and 68.2% of the workers have a salary under 4 times the minimum wage valid in the country. There were no significantly statistical differences neither between the population in study and the general population nor between the population in study and other studies in this field. Mental common disorder was found in 15.2% of the sample / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

No / The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of one part of a larger study, funded by the National Institute for Health Research, which explored the management of pain in adult male prisoners in one large category B prison in England. In this paper, the authors focus on the attitudes and perceptions of prison staff towards pain management in prison. A qualitative design was utilised to explore the staff perceptions of pain and pain management in one adult male prison. Questionnaires were provided for all staff with prisoner contact, and a follow up focus group was undertaken to further explore questionnaire data. The questionnaire and focus group findings demonstrated that staff had a good awareness of pain and pain management in prison, with both physical and emotional pain identified. The frequency of approaches by prisoners to staff for pain relief was noted to be high, whilst awareness of how the prison environment could potentially exacerbate pain was discussed. The acquisition of analgesia by prisoners for secondary gain was identified as a challenge to both assessing levels of pain and providing pain relief in prison, illustrating the complexity of providing care within a custodial culture. The effect on staff of caring for prisoners found to be confrontational and deceitful was significant for participants, with feelings of anger and frustration reported. This study was undertaken in one adult male category B prison with a very high turnover of prisoners. Staff working in other types of prison, for example, higher security or those more stable with longer sentenced prisoners could provide alternative views, as may staff caring for younger offenders and women. The challenges to undertaking research in prison with staff who can understandably be reluctant to engage in reflection on their practice cannot be underestimated and impact significantly on available methodologies. This qualitative research is the first of its kind to offer the perspectives of both health care professionals and prison staff working with prisoners complaining of pain in an English prison. It provides the groundwork for further research and development.

Le département du Nord est particulièrement bien fourni en établissements pénitentiaires : 6 prisons départementales (7 entre 1907 et 1931) et d'une maison centrale. La longue période de la troisième République produit différentes lois qui s'inquiètent du "comment enfermer" mais aussi du "qui enfermer". D'où la question : dans quelles mesures ces lois sur le parc pénitentiaire et ses occupants (détenus et personnel) ? La loi phare du 5 juin 1875 qui entérine la tentative manquée du cellulaire sous la Monarchie de juillet, alimente de longs débats au Conseil Général, avant de parvenir au tout début du XXe siècle à l'ouverture de deux prisons cellulaires : celles de Loos et de Douai. Cette recherche montre que ces établissements n'apportent pas une amélioration flagrante des conditions de détention du département. Si amélioration il y a eu, c'est plutôt grâce à la baisse des effectifs. Cette baisse des effectifs n'est pas un corollaire manifeste des lois de 1885 et de 1891 (relégation, libération conditionnelle et sursis simple). Seul le traitement des jeunes détenus témoigne d'une évolution dans le recours à l'enfermement et, plus timidement, dans son organisation quotidienne de leur enfermement. L'émergence de la prévention se fait, se veut plus déterminante pour cette catégorie de justiciables. Cette recherche témoigne aussi du carcéral, de la vie au jour le jour au sein des établissements. Cette thèse apporte une modeste contribution à l'histoire pénitentiaire et à celle du traitement de la délinquance. Sa singularité réside surtout dans l'exploitation quasi-exhaustive des différentes séries des archives départementales afférentes à ce sujet. / The north department is particularly well supplied with penitentiaries. The period of the Third Republic produces various laws which worry about "how to lock" but also about "who to lock". Where from the question : in what measures theses laws influence the prison park and their occupants ? The key law of June 5th, 1875 which confirms the attempt missed the cellular under the July Monarchy, feeds long debates before teaching at the very beginning of the XXth century the opening of two cellular prisons in the north department. This research shows that these establishements do not bring a blatant improvement of the conditions of detention. If improvement there was, it is rather thanks to the reduction in staff. Only the treatment of the young prisoners testifies of an evolution in the recourse to the confinement and, more shyly, in her daily organization of their confinement. The emergence of the prevention is made to be more determining fotr this category of citizens. This research also testifies of the prison, the life from day to day within establishments. This thesis makes one modest contribution to the prison history and to that of the treatment of the crime. Her peculiarity is especially in the quasi-exhaustive exploitation of the various series of departmental archives concerned to this subject.

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / In the study below, the phenomenon of "maximum security prisons" is described as it is applied in various parts of the world, according to capita selecta. The phenomenon is described as it occurs in four countries, namely Australia, the United States of America, England and South Africa. The primary aim of this study is to obtain the Magister Artium degree. Secondly, it will shed more light on the treatment of prisoners who have to be detained in maximum security conditions as a result of their type of offence, length of sentence and conduct. The philosopical framework for the detention of maximum security prisoners is taken into account, while certain generic aspects unique to prisons are examined as well. This study is of universal importance because long-term prison sentences are on the increase, in spite of the fact that other punitive measures exist. / In die hieropvolgende studie word die verskynsel "maksimum sekuriteitsgevangenisse" soos wat dit in verskeie werelddele toepassing vind aan die hand van capita selecta beskryf. Die verskynsel word ten opsigte van vier lande, naamlik Australie, die V erenigde State van Amerika, Engeland en Suid-Afrika beskryf. Die beskrywing het in die eerste plek ten doel om die graad Magister Artium te verwerf. Ten tweede werp dit meer lig op die bantering van gevangenes wat weens hul tipe oortreding, vonnislengte en gedrag in maksimum sekuriteitsomstandighede aangehou moet word. Die filosofiese raamwerk vir aanhouding van maksimumgevangenes word in oenskou geneem, maar daar word ook na verskeie generiese aspekte eie aan gevangenisse gekyk. Die studie is van globale belang weens die feit dat langtermyngevangenisstraf besig is om toe te neem, ten spyte daarvan dat alternatiewe vorme van straf bestaan. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / In the study below, the phenomenon of "maximum security prisons" is described as it is applied in various parts of the world, according to capita selecta. The phenomenon is described as it occurs in four countries, namely Australia, the United States of America, England and South Africa. The primary aim of this study is to obtain the Magister Artium degree. Secondly, it will shed more light on the treatment of prisoners who have to be detained in maximum security conditions as a result of their type of offence, length of sentence and conduct. The philosopical framework for the detention of maximum security prisoners is taken into account, while certain generic aspects unique to prisons are examined as well. This study is of universal importance because long-term prison sentences are on the increase, in spite of the fact that other punitive measures exist. / In die hieropvolgende studie word die verskynsel "maksimum sekuriteitsgevangenisse" soos wat dit in verskeie werelddele toepassing vind aan die hand van capita selecta beskryf. Die verskynsel word ten opsigte van vier lande, naamlik Australie, die V erenigde State van Amerika, Engeland en Suid-Afrika beskryf. Die beskrywing het in die eerste plek ten doel om die graad Magister Artium te verwerf. Ten tweede werp dit meer lig op die bantering van gevangenes wat weens hul tipe oortreding, vonnislengte en gedrag in maksimum sekuriteitsomstandighede aangehou moet word. Die filosofiese raamwerk vir aanhouding van maksimumgevangenes word in oenskou geneem, maar daar word ook na verskeie generiese aspekte eie aan gevangenisse gekyk. Die studie is van globale belang weens die feit dat langtermyngevangenisstraf besig is om toe te neem, ten spyte daarvan dat alternatiewe vorme van straf bestaan. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

This paper deals with Christian spiritual ministry offered to accused and convicted prisoners in the prisons in the Czech Republic. First the paper treats the up to date penology trends and penitentiary systems in the Euro American realm and the system in the Czech Republic in detail. The second part is focused on the non-governmental organisation Vězeňská duchovenská péče (Penitentiary spiritual solicitude), the prison chaplains, ecumenicity and relations between the prison staff and the clergymen. The following chapter is based on interviews with experienced prison chaplains, their opinions concerning the contemporary conditions in prisons and services offered to the prisoners. It is obvious, that the clergyman cannot be substituted in his task by any other professional among the prison staff. A clergyman is often the last one who can see any hope in cases where the other specialists have already given up. He can work with the accepting of guilt and searching for values very well. The future of the ministerial services in the prisons in the Czech Republic depends on the active and supportive cooperation with the Penitentiary Service of the Czech Republic and ecumenical openness.