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Social health . lnsurance in developed countries , lS facing problems concerning cost control. In developing countries, problems are of low coverage, the provision of care to include access to the private sector, equity in access to services, as well as cost control. In Thailand, the recently introduced social insurance scheme requires the insured or their employer to select a main contractor to provide care a general hospital with >100 beds - which is paid on a capitation basis. In response the private sector is developing provider networks to ensure health services to be more accessible and to attract insured workers to enroll with the network. The primary concern of the research is to evaluate MEDSEC, the biggest private network in terms of the number of facilities and insured covered. Nopparat, the biggest publicly-organized network, was selected for comparison with MEDSEC. The aim is to identify policy recommendations regarding networks and their internal payment mechanisms. The obj ecti ves are to examine: how MEDSEC is organized and how it has grown over time; the health seeking behaviour of the insured of MEDSEC; and the utilization rate, payment system, and quality of care of MEDSEC. Four substudies were done: the MEDSEC operating and financial system; the health seeking behaviour of the insured, their utilization rate, knowledge, and satisfaction; the providers' knowledge and attitudes; and evaluation of quality of care concerning four aspects: infrastructure, patient satisfaction, outpatient drug treatment, and inpatient care. The study identifies policy implications concerning the functions of a good network office, the monitoring of a network's quality of care, the payment system of networks, and improving the knowledge of the insured concerning the regulation on access to care.

This dissertation is a histo-graphic account of the origins and evolution of private health funding in South Africa. It commences with a history of medicine within the context of the provision of health care and health funding. The arrival of the Dutch and the influence of the different rulers are highlighted throughout the different eras, up to the formation of the first private medical scheme in 1889. From this point onward, the historical development of private health funding is recorded with due consideration of the appointed commissions of enquiry and legislative developments. The dissertation concludes with a review of the study.

This thesis analyzes the private health insurance as a supplement to public health insurance in the Czech Republic. The first part discusses the theoretical concepts and the definition of insurance in the Czech insurance market. Concurrently carried out in detail the previous and upcoming reforms of health system. The second part focuses on the analysis of the impact of the introduction of commercial health insurance products to insurance economics and the economy forecast of further development in this area.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a lucratividade dos clientes em uma operadora de saúde do segmento de baixo custo no Brasil. O mercado de saúde suplementar enfrenta inúmeros desafios para prosperar. Com a expansão nos últimos anos da classe média brasileira - a classe C - houve um aumento da demanda por serviços de planos de saúde privados de baixo ticket-médio. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, para embasar os princípios de modelos de negócios, a análise de lucratividade do cliente e a segmentação de clientes em uma operadora de saúde. O método utilizado foi um estudo de caso único, com pesquisa de dados de ordem qualitativa e quantitativa. Foram realizadas algumas entrevistas com os três principais executivos da operadora investigada, com o intuito de compreender o modelo de negócio construído e todos os seus diferenciais e inovações que garantiram seus resultados superiores à média do setor. Foram coletados dados contábeis, bases de receita e custo por beneficiário para análise quantitativa do resultado. Foi apresentado o modelo de negócio do estudo de caso investigado, bem como avaliada a lucratividade de clientes da operadora. Iniciou-se por uma análise quantitativa geral de variação contábil, com aprofundamento de análises na base de receita e custo de clientes, por sinistralidade, margem de contribuição absoluta e demais parâmetros, além da aplicação do conceito de CLV - Customer Lifetime Value. Ao analisar os resultados associados à avaliação da lucratividade, foram constatadas ações que pudessem ser tomadas para a melhora da mensuração do resultado final. O final das análises por cliente e por CLV se concentraram em grandes clientes corporativos, pois estes representam mais de 70% da carteira da operadora investigada. A conclusão apresentada foi a seguinte: para aumentar a margem de lucro absoluta bruta (R$) do negócio, ao subtrair as despesas assistenciais das receitas, deve-se segmentá-la por tipo de cliente e encontrar a margem de contribuição de cada. Na sequência, é necessário reajustar os clientes com margem de contribuição negativa, logo, obtém-se o maior resultado possível em termos de margem bruta total absoluta. Porém, mesmo para os clientes com margem de contribuição positiva, deve-se aprofundar sua análise de valor no tempo com o conceito do CLV. Verificou-se que clientes de margem positiva podem apresentar um CLV negativo para o mesmo período analisado. Esses clientes não devem ser desconsiderados, porque afetariam o resultado final, porém devem ser destacados na gestão, para serem mais bem renegociados numa revisão de valores contratuais e aumento do seu ticket-médio. / This study aims to analyze the profitability of customers in a health maintenance organization (HMO) of low-cost segment in Brazil. The health insurance market faces numerous challenges to thrive. With the expansion in recent years of Brazilian middle class - the class \'C,\' there was an increase in demand for private health plans to low-average ticket services. A literature review was conducted to support the principles of business models, customer profitability analysis and customer segmentation in a health provider. The method used was a single case study, with qualitative and quantitative research data. Interviews were conducted with the top three executives in the investigated company, to understand the business as presented, as well as the analysis of HMO\'s customer profitability. It´s began as a general quantitative analysis of accounting variation, with deeper analysis on revenue and cost base per members, by MLB (Medical Loss Benefit), gross margin and other parameters, in addition to applying the concept of CLV - Customer Lifetime Value. When analyzing the results associated with the evaluation of profitability, actions were found that could be taken to improve the measurement of the final result. The end of the analysis by customer and by CLV was focused on large corporate clients, as they represent more than 70% of the investigated portfolio. The conclusion was presented: to increase model built and all its advantages and innovations that have ensured their results above the industry average. We collected accounting data, revenue and cost base by membership for quantitative analysis. The business model of the investigated case study the margin of gross profit absolute (R$) in the business, by subtracting the medical cost from revenues, it should be segmented by customer type and find the contribution margin of each one. Further, it should be reajusted all customers with a negative contribution margin, so it could be obtained the highest possible result in terms of absolute gross margin. But even customers with positive contribution margin, should be deepen in their analysis of value in time with the concept of CLV. It was found that positive margin accounts may have a negative CLV for the same reported period. Those customers should not be disconsidered, because affect the final result, but should be highlighted in the management review, to be better renegotiated as contract values and increased its ticket-average.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a lucratividade dos clientes em uma operadora de saúde do segmento de baixo custo no Brasil. O mercado de saúde suplementar enfrenta inúmeros desafios para prosperar. Com a expansão nos últimos anos da classe média brasileira - a classe C - houve um aumento da demanda por serviços de planos de saúde privados de baixo ticket-médio. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, para embasar os princípios de modelos de negócios, a análise de lucratividade do cliente e a segmentação de clientes em uma operadora de saúde. O método utilizado foi um estudo de caso único, com pesquisa de dados de ordem qualitativa e quantitativa. Foram realizadas algumas entrevistas com os três principais executivos da operadora investigada, com o intuito de compreender o modelo de negócio construído e todos os seus diferenciais e inovações que garantiram seus resultados superiores à média do setor. Foram coletados dados contábeis, bases de receita e custo por beneficiário para análise quantitativa do resultado. Foi apresentado o modelo de negócio do estudo de caso investigado, bem como avaliada a lucratividade de clientes da operadora. Iniciou-se por uma análise quantitativa geral de variação contábil, com aprofundamento de análises na base de receita e custo de clientes, por sinistralidade, margem de contribuição absoluta e demais parâmetros, além da aplicação do conceito de CLV - Customer Lifetime Value. Ao analisar os resultados associados à avaliação da lucratividade, foram constatadas ações que pudessem ser tomadas para a melhora da mensuração do resultado final. O final das análises por cliente e por CLV se concentraram em grandes clientes corporativos, pois estes representam mais de 70% da carteira da operadora investigada. A conclusão apresentada foi a seguinte: para aumentar a margem de lucro absoluta bruta (R$) do negócio, ao subtrair as despesas assistenciais das receitas, deve-se segmentá-la por tipo de cliente e encontrar a margem de contribuição de cada. Na sequência, é necessário reajustar os clientes com margem de contribuição negativa, logo, obtém-se o maior resultado possível em termos de margem bruta total absoluta. Porém, mesmo para os clientes com margem de contribuição positiva, deve-se aprofundar sua análise de valor no tempo com o conceito do CLV. Verificou-se que clientes de margem positiva podem apresentar um CLV negativo para o mesmo período analisado. Esses clientes não devem ser desconsiderados, porque afetariam o resultado final, porém devem ser destacados na gestão, para serem mais bem renegociados numa revisão de valores contratuais e aumento do seu ticket-médio. / This study aims to analyze the profitability of customers in a health maintenance organization (HMO) of low-cost segment in Brazil. The health insurance market faces numerous challenges to thrive. With the expansion in recent years of Brazilian middle class - the class \'C,\' there was an increase in demand for private health plans to low-average ticket services. A literature review was conducted to support the principles of business models, customer profitability analysis and customer segmentation in a health provider. The method used was a single case study, with qualitative and quantitative research data. Interviews were conducted with the top three executives in the investigated company, to understand the business as presented, as well as the analysis of HMO\'s customer profitability. It´s began as a general quantitative analysis of accounting variation, with deeper analysis on revenue and cost base per members, by MLB (Medical Loss Benefit), gross margin and other parameters, in addition to applying the concept of CLV - Customer Lifetime Value. When analyzing the results associated with the evaluation of profitability, actions were found that could be taken to improve the measurement of the final result. The end of the analysis by customer and by CLV was focused on large corporate clients, as they represent more than 70% of the investigated portfolio. The conclusion was presented: to increase model built and all its advantages and innovations that have ensured their results above the industry average. We collected accounting data, revenue and cost base by membership for quantitative analysis. The business model of the investigated case study the margin of gross profit absolute (R$) in the business, by subtracting the medical cost from revenues, it should be segmented by customer type and find the contribution margin of each one. Further, it should be reajusted all customers with a negative contribution margin, so it could be obtained the highest possible result in terms of absolute gross margin. But even customers with positive contribution margin, should be deepen in their analysis of value in time with the concept of CLV. It was found that positive margin accounts may have a negative CLV for the same reported period. Those customers should not be disconsidered, because affect the final result, but should be highlighted in the management review, to be better renegotiated as contract values and increased its ticket-average.

The theme of work is private health insurance. First is it described in the system of health insurance and then in the territory of Czech Republic. In the work is analyzed a new draft bill of Public health insurance and systems of health insurance in the Europe. Main goal of the thessis is to find suitable privat insurance product for Czech Republic.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The aim of this dissertation is to explain how elective surgery patients choose between the public and private hospital sectors in the United Kingdom, and to analyze government policy changes which affect this choice. First the choice between the public and private sectors is modeled for the case where there is no private insurance available. The model takes into account the different rationing mechanisms used by National Health Service (NHS) and private hospitals to allocate surgery among patients. Private hospitals charge a price and ration on the basis of willingness to pay , while NHS hospitals , which face budget limits, ration on the basis of clinical need and require patients to wait for surgery. Consequently, a patient's choice of sector depends on her income and her level of clinical need. A simulation model is used to compare the efficiency and equity of two policy measures designed to raise the number of people receiving elective surgery : an increase in NHS funding and a subsidy to the price of private surgery. The subsidy is shown to be more efficient and the NHS funding increase more equitable. Within the same framework an expected utility model of the demand for private health insurance is developed. Two cases are analyzed: the case where individuals have no information about their future need for elective surgery and the case where they have partial information. In each case it is shown that for a given insurance premium there is a threshold level of income above which people buy insurance. It is also shown by simulation that in each case the insurance company can set a premium that allows it to break even. Finally the two models are combined. This enables the efficiency and equity of an increase in NHS funding, a subsidy to private care and a subsidy to private insurance to be compared in a situation where some private patients have insurance to cover the cost of their surgery. The NHS funding increase is shown to be most equitable , and depending on the definition of efficiency chosen, one of the two subsidies is most efficient. / 2031-01-01

Die beiden Systemen wurden auf die ähnliche Tradition gegründet. Diese Tradition hat seine Wurzeln in Österreich-Ungarn, die bis 1918 in der gleichen Zwischenraum ausgesetzt wurden. Ein weiterer Zusammenhang ist die geographische Beziehung. Die Gesetztformen in der beiden Staaten sind unterschiedlich. In der Tschechische Republik gibt es viele Sozialversicherungsgesetze, in den der jede Typ des Versichertes geregelt ist. In Österreich gibt es für den jeden Type des Versichertes ein Sozialversicherungsgesetz. Die beiden Systemen sind die gesetzlichen öffentlichen Krankenversicherungen. Das tschechische System ist postkommunisch und Österreich ist der korporatische konservative Sozialstaat. Es gibt die Umverteilung in den beiden Systemen, aber in Österreich hat ein Unterschied, weil auch die Umverteilung in der Anstaltspflege enthält. Die vergleichende Systeme der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungen haben die gemeinsame ethische Grundsätze, die aber in Österreich mehr in den Gesetze geregelt werden. Dieser Fakt macht den Rahmen des Systemes der Krankenversicherung, das viel auf die Patienten sich konzetriert wird. Der Patient hat ein Recht auf aktive Beteiligung in diesem System und auch in der Behandlung. Ein großes Unterschied ist die Verfassungsschutz der Rechte im beiden Staaten. In Tschechien gibt es die...

Introdução: Um dos impactos sociais do envelhecimento diz respeito à oferta e demanda de serviços de saúde. O sistema brasileiro garante a prestação de serviços públicos em caráter universal e admite a participação do mercado na provisão de tais serviços. Assim, todo cidadão é usuário potencial de provedores de serviços financiados pelo Estado e pode, simultaneamente, usar provedores de natureza privada. Objetivo: Identificar a ocorrência de mudança de provedor prioritário de serviços de saúde, bem como características socioeconômicas e epidemiológicas e respectiva associação com a condição de ter ou não ter plano de saúde, na população idosa do município de São Paulo, no período 2000 / 2006. Material e método: estudo de coorte desenvolvido no âmbito do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento). A coorte iniciou-se em 2000 com 2.143 participantes de 60 anos e mais e, em 2006, contava com 1.115 pessoas. A variável dependente é ter plano de saúde e as independentes abrangem características sociais e demográficas; morbidade referida; autoavaliação de saúde; atividades básicas de vida diária; ações de prevenção e uso de serviços de saúde. Os dados, obtidos por meio de entrevista domiciliar, foram analisados de forma descritiva e pelo desenvolvimento de um modelo de regressão logística por passos (stepwise). Resultados: Há diferenças, favoráveis aos titulares de planos, nas variáveis renda, escolaridade e condições de vida pregressa. O grupo sem planos privados realizou menos prevenção contra neoplasias e mais contra doenças respiratórias; esperou mais para ter acesso a consulta de saúde; realizou menos exames pós consulta; referiu menor número de doenças; teve maior proporção de avaliação negativa da própria saúde e relatou mais episódios de queda. Os titulares de planos privados relataram menos dificuldades no desempenho em ABVD e menor adesão à vacinação. Dentre os titulares de planos que se internaram, em 2000, 11,1por cento tiveram sua internação custeada pelo SUS. Em 2006 essa proporção se eleva para 17,9por cento . A única enfermidade associada à condição de titular de plano privado foi a osteoporose. Não houve mudança significativa entre provedores prioritários de serviços de saúde. Conclusão: as associações encontradas relacionaram-se mais às questões sociais e demográficas e ao uso de serviços do que às condições de saúde dos indivíduos / Background: Population aging influences the offer and search for health services. The Brazilian health system (Sistema Único de Saúde SUS) warrants universal access to public health services and allows the participation of the private sector. Thus, each and every citizen is a potential user of services both provided by the State and by the private sector. We assume that private health insurance holders will have their health services preferentially provided by the private sector. Objective: To identify the occurrence of changes in priority health care provider, as well as socioeconomic and epidemiologic characteristics associated with having or not private health insurance in the elderly population in the city of São Paulo from 2000 to 2006. Methods: retrospective cohort study carried out as part of the Survey on Health and Wellbeing of Elders (SABE Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento). This cohort started in 2000 with 2,143 participants aged 60 years and, in 2006, had 1,116 participants. Having a private health insurance is the dependent variable and independent variables include sociodemographic characteristics; referred morbidity, self-assessment of health, basic activities of daily living (BADL), preventive actions and the use of health services. Descriptive analysis and stepwise logistic regression were used to assess data collected in home visits. Results: There were significant changes in income, scholarship and earlier life conditions in favor of insurance holders. The group that had no private health insurance was less subjected to cancer and more subjected to respiratory disease prevention, waited longer for health appointments, did less postappointment examinations, had a more negative self-assessment of health and reported higher frequency of falls. Private health insurance holders reported less difficulty to perform BADL and lower adhesion to vaccination campaigns. Among holders that were hospitalized, 11.1per cent had their medical expenses paid by SUS in 2000 and 17.9per cent in 2006. The only morbidity associated with being a private health care insurance holder was osteoporosis. There were no significant changes in priority health provider throughout time.Conclusion: The study population/group tended to keep the same type of health care provider and associations found were more related to socio-demographic characteristics and the use of services than with health conditions of the elderly