Whistle-blowers have an important role as they reveals incongruities in organizations in order to enable improvement of working conditions. However, there is a risk of reprisals against the employees when expressing their discontent, which may prevent them from blowing the whistle. Since whistle-blowers in private sectors have less protection of freedom of expression against their employer, the protections of whistleblowing also become weaker in these organizations. Nowadays it is becoming increasingly common for businesses in the welfare sector to govern under private management, but still with public funding. A weak protection of whistleblowing therefore reduces the public's opportunity to gain insight into how public funds are used. Therefore the aim of the study is to examine the protection of whistleblowing in private sectors and especially highlight the problem with a weak protection in private organizations that are publicly funded. The Swedish law has no general regulation for the protection of whistle-blowers, which leads to a complex legal situation. It will additionally be new regulations introduced in this area, which might lead to further complexity. The second purpose of the study is therefore to analyse the new regulations and identify some possible consequences of the legislation. A legal dogmatic method is used in the essay with the purpose of investigating the current legislation. The study shows that employees in private sectors have a relatively expansive right to criticize their employer and the conditions at workplaces. The judgement depends on how the employee chooses to express their criticism and therefore there are several factors that must be taking into account. The new regulations will hopefully reduce the risk of reprisals related to whistleblowing. On the other hand there are some identified weaknesses in the legislation that might imply that the intention of the law not would be fulfilled. Therefore the question still stands if the whistle-blower’s situation in the private sector will be improved by the new regulations.

This thesis establishes an empirically based dialogue between two theoretical approaches to management, one emphasing structure and the other process, by examining the question of whether management in private sector, profit oriented organizations is similar to, or different from, management in government departments. Subjects for the study were participants in the Australian Public Service (APS) Interchange Program, under which APS members work temporarily in other organizations, and managers from outside the Service spend some time in the APS. The measuring instruments used were a questionnaire designed to test empirically and to extend research by Fottler (1981), a standardised measure of personal values and two questionnaires to gather personal details and job related information pertinent to the parent and host organizations. The results of the study indicate that Interchange participants found significant differences between the Service and the private-for-profit organizations in which they worked. The differences within the major structural variable, organization type, can be expressed in terms of managerial processes. Evidence was found of interrelationships between organization type, job related process variables and personal values. The theoretical significance of these results is discussed in terms of a pluralistic approach to managerial process, the practical implications for the APS are noted, and suggestions for further research are proposed.

L‟accès, la qualité et l‟équité des systèmes éducatifs des pays en développement sont encore très problématiques et des millions d‟enfants ne peuvent exercer leur droit à une éducation de base menée à son terme. La scolarisation des populations les plus pauvres reste ainsi un des enjeux prioritaires de l‟humanité pour lequel l‟économie de l‟éducation a un rôle moteur à jouer. Au travers de cinq essais, cette thèse aborde les problématiques liées à l‟aide internationale à l‟éducation, à la nature publique ou privée de l‟enseignement, au choix des parents, à l‟efficience des collèges et à la satisfaction des enseignants. Avec un point de vue macroéconomique, le chapitre 1 analyse l‟efficacité de l‟aide international pour atteindre la scolarisation primaire universelle tandis que le chapitre 2 s‟efforce d‟expliquer les différences de répartition des élèves entre enseignements public et privé dans le monde. La suite de la thèse se base sur une enquête nationale originale réalisée dans les collèges de Madagascar, un pays associant une grande pauvreté des ménages à une forte présence et une grande diversité de l‟offre éducative privée. Le chapitre 3 analyse comment les parents choisissent un collège pour leurs enfants et ses effets sur la stratification sociale, le chapitre 4 s‟interroge sur l‟efficience des collèges publics et privés et ses déterminants tandis que le chapitre 5 examine les facteurs d‟influence de la satisfaction, du cumul d‟emplois et de l‟absentéisme des enseignants du secondaire. / Access to basic education as well as quality and equity of education systems in developing countries are still crucial issues, with millions of children currently unable to exercise their right to complete their basic education. Schooling of the poorest thus remains a central priority, one in which we believe that economics of education has a central role to play. By means of five essays, this thesis addresses issues related to international aid to education, public or private education, parental choices, secondary schools‟ efficiency and teacher satisfaction. With a macroeconomic perspective, Chapter 1 analyzes the effectiveness of international aid as an instrument to reach universal primary education while Chapter 2 seeks to explain the differences in distribution of students between public and private education in the world. The remainder of this thesis is based upon an original national survey conducted in the secondary schools of Madagascar, a country marrying extensive household poverty with a strong presence and a wide variety of private educational opportunities. Chapter 3 discusses the way in which parents choose a secondary school for their children and its effects on social stratification. Chapter 4 examines the efficiency of public and private secondary schools and its determinants. Lastly, Chapter 5 examines the factors influencing satisfaction, accumulation of jobs and absenteeism of secondary schools teachers.

Organizations, for-profit or not-for-profit, continually assess demands from their internal and external stakeholders and adjust their operations and strategies for long term sustainability. Building on the classical contingency theory of organization, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the differences of operational values and principles between private and public broadcasting organizations; an additional goal was to examine how these organizations use their operating choices to adapt to their environment. In a comparative study design between for-profit and not-for-profit broadcasting organizations as independent variables, the focus of the study was to compare 3 groups of dependent variables regarding operational values, principles, and the external environment. Using convenience sampling, the survey sample of 70 respondents included males and females over the age 18 selected for each of the research sites at Ghana Television, GH One, and Accra Metropolis. The key variables of operational values and external environments were measured by 6-point Likert scales, which were developed for the study. The measures were examined for their content validity and face validity, and they were empirically tested for their reliability and validity with collected data before testing the proposed claims. A series of t tests supported the claims that the 2 organizations operate with different principles and values. For-profit organizations focus on operational efficiency while not-for-profit organizations commit more to human development issues. The results of this study offer insights to broadcasting organizations about how to maximize their resources and bring about positive social change in community development by offering better programming options to stakeholders.

This thesis discusses the Old Philadelphia Development Corporation (OPDC), a public-private redevelopment agency, and its work in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s promoting the redevelopment of several areas and neighborhoods located in the Center City district of downtown Philadelphia. Leading up to and during its involvement in the planning of the Market Street East (formerly, East Market Street) and The Gallery mall projects, the OPDC imposed on its ventures a set myths about the city's place within the American legend, Market Street's history as a majestic shopping corridor, and the centrality of Philadelphia's downtown to the metropolitan region. It did so as a means for controlling various aspects of Center City urban renewal and for bringing suburbanites back downtown to shop and enjoy leisure time. This thesis argues that although these myths remembered East Market Street as the domain of middle class and affluent whites, the OPDC ignored the realities of changing metropolitan economic, cultural, and population trends in favor of adherence to its self-created narrative, leading the corporation and its redevelopment cohort to make many miscalculations and missteps in its attempts to revitalize the area. / History

No description available.

Bakgrund: Det är av stor vikt för organisationer att arbeta med employee retention management för att maximera sina chanser att behålla sin personal. Att förlora medarbetare leder till höga kostnader för bland annat nyrekrytering och upplärning. Dessutom uppstår en kompetensförlust. Idag råder en stor lärarbrist i Sverige vilken förväntas öka ytterligare de kommande åren. Det är alltså inte enbart kostsamt för skolor att förlora sina lärare; det är också riskfyllt då det riskeras att den kompetens som krävs inte finns att tillgå på arbetsmarknaden.Syfte: Studien avser att förklara vilken faktor i psykologiska kontraktet som anses vara viktigast när lärare väljer att kvarvara i sin anställning samt i vilken ordning de undersökta faktorerna föredras av de medverkande lärarna. Därtill ämnas att studera vilka skillnader och/eller likheter som finns i vad lärare på kommunala respektive fristående skolor värderar.Teoretisk referensram: Denna studie utgår från teorier om employee retention management och studiens huvudteori är det psykologiska kontraktet som har sin grund i social exchange-teorin. De faktorer i det psykologiska kontraktet som studeras är möjligheter till karriärutveckling, stöd från och kommunikation med chefer, lön och finansiella belöningar, möjligheter till lärande och utbildning, social atmosfär och relation till kollegor, balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv samt arbetsinnehåll.Metod: Studien är genomförd med kvantitativ metod bestående av enkätundersökning. Därtill används en komparativ design för att söka finna eventuella likheter och/eller skillnader mellan vad lärare på fristående och kommunala skolor värderar i sin anställning.Slutsats: Social atmosfär och relation till kollegor är den faktor i det psykologiska kontraktet som av de svarande lärarna anses vara den viktigaste till att de väljer att kvarvara i sin anställning – både vad gäller rangordning av faktorernas medelvärden och vid val av den allra viktigaste faktorn samt för lärare i både fristående och kommunala skolor. På samma sätt är möjligheter till karriärutveckling den faktorn som anses minst viktig i alla dessa avseenden, vilket skulle kunna förklaras av det faktum att läraryrket inte är karriärfokuserat. Den största skillnaden som återfinns i studien är att faktorn stöd från och kommunikation med chefer värderas högre av lärarna på de fristående skolorna än lärarna på de kommunala skolorna. / Background: It is of great importance for organizations to focus on employee retention management in order to maximize their chances to retain their employees. Losing employees results in high costs for recruitment and training etcetera. In addition, there will be a loss of competence. Today there is a shortage of teachers in Sweden which is expected to grow larger in the coming years. Not only is the loss of employees expensive; it is also critical because of the risk of not being able to find the right competence on the labormarket.Purpose: Present study aims to examine which factor in the psychological contract teachers consider being the most important when choosing to stay in their present employment and in which order the examined factors are preferred by the participating teachers. Moreover, the purpose of this study is also to investigate whether there are similarities and/or differences between what teachers in public and private schools value.Theory: This study originates from theories about employee retention management and the main theory is the psychological contract which in turn originates from the social exchange theory. The studied factors in the psychological contract are career opportunities, support from and communication with supervisors, salary and financial rewards, training and development opportunities, social atmosphere and relationship with co-workers, worklife balance, and job content. Method: This study was conducted through a quantitative method using a questionnaire. In addition, a comparative design was used in order to find which similarities and/or differences that exist between what teachers in private and public schools value in their employment.Conclusion: Social atmosphere and relationship with co-workers is the factor in the psychological contract that the teachers in this study consider to be the most important when they choose to remain in their employment – both when ranking the factors’ means and when choosing the single most important factor and also for teachers in both public and private schools. Similarly, the factor career opportunities is the least important factor in all these regards, which could be explained by the fact that the teaching profession is not career focused. The greatest difference between the two sectors is found in the factor support from and communication with supervisors where the teachers in the private schools find this factor more important than the teachers in the public schools do.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Andrade Garcia.pdf: 2111056 bytes, checksum: d37b3c38bbaddcd5f6d9ce8f1fac6eb0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / This present research was conducted on the current context of implementing AMAs Assistência Médica Ambulatorial (Ambulatory Medical Assistance) in the city of São Paulo, specifically that located in Vila Nova Jaguaré zone. This AMA is a partnership between Prefeitura Muncipal de São Paulo and Fundação Faculdade de Medicina. It is a study on this service and the insertion of Social Service on this scenario. The field research was developed at AMA-Jaguaré. This study plunged into concepts related to health care, the relationship between private organizations and public assistance, Social Service practice on health care and the professional competence, the work management in a multi-professional team. The methodology has embraced the bibliographic research on the main themes, besides the documental research (laws, manuals and reports), participative investigation and the quantitative/qualitative field research. Concerning the qualitative one, the interview and the semi-structured interview were used in users, employees and professional s approach methodological procedures. The results which were obtained have shown that the service rendered by AMA may have created a new demand within the assistance net, because it showed a search that we can consider as high. We can affirm that there was not a proper projection concerning the assistance demand volume that would be created, considering the limitation of physical space and lack of professionals. Besides, it was evidenced a trend among the users concerning the need of indispensable equipment, such as XR device, for more specific health diagnosis, resulting in a demand of such arrangement. Simultaneously, it was also raised the importance of a higher attention on the reference process, by sending the cases to specialties. In terms of a positive assessment of AMA, it was made explicit the work role from Social Service. Other professionals have recognized it as a differential on user welcome, listening, mediation and attention / A presente pesquisa contextualiza-se no momento atual, de implementação das AMAs - Assistência Médica Ambulatorial na cidade de São Paulo, especificamente daquela situada no bairro de Vila Nova Jaguaré, como parte de uma parceira entre a Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo e a Fundação Faculdade de Medicina. Constitui um estudo sobre esse serviço e a inserção do Serviço Social nesse contexto. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida na AMA Jaguaré, sendo nela aprofundados alguns conceitos relativos à saúde, à relação de organizações privadas com atendimento público, à prática do Serviço Social na saúde, à competência profissional e à gestão do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas centrais, além de pesquisa documental (leis, manuais e relatórios), observação participante e pesquisa de campo quanti-qualitativa. Quanto a esta última, foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos de abordagem de usuários, funcionários e profissionais, questionário e entrevista semiestruturada. A pesquisa foi norteada por algumas questões básicas, levando-se em conta principalmente a forma como foi pensada em São Paulo a questão das Organizações Sociais no âmbito da saúde, na relação público / privado. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o serviço prestado pela AMA pode ter criado uma nova demanda dentro da rede de atendimento, ao ter recebido uma procura que deve ser considerada alta. Pode-se afirmar que não foi feita uma projeção adequada do volume da demanda de atendimento que seria criada, tanto se considerando a limitação do espaço físico como a insuficiência de profissionais. Além disso, constatou-se entre os usuários um consenso sobre a necessidade de equipamentos indispensáveis, tais como aparelho de RX para diagnósticos de saúde mais específicos, tendo sido reivindicada essa providência. Foi levantada também, paralelamente, a importância de maior atenção ao processo de referência, com a realização de encaminhamentos para especialidades. Em termos de avaliação positiva da AMA, explicitouse o papel do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Serviço Social, que foi reconhecido pelos outros profissionais como um diferencial na abordagem, na escuta, na mediação e no acolhimento do usuário