The main thrust of this study argues that failure to account for the notion of power in considering learning in social contexts—like a working environment—inevitably presents an incomplete and unrealistic account of how learning actually is. Literature suggests that mainstream scholars and theorists have arguably pushed issues regarding the inter-connectedness of power and knowledge to the peripheral—resulting in both a paucity of theoretical coverage and empirical work on the subject. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this study takes inspiration from Foucault’s conceptualization of power—argued to provide a useful analytical framework for exploring power. Implications on how power impacts on learning in a contemporary workplace is viewed through the key ideas of ‘situated learning in communities of practice’ (Lave and Wenger). This study proposes that Foucault’s conceptualizations of power—regarding power as being relational and interconnected to knowledge—allows for a useful analytical framework that can sensitize our efforts towards understanding the power effects of knowledge with regards to learning at, and through, work practices, ultimately enabling us to re-work the concepts of ‘communities of practice’. The context of this study represents a professional knowledge-intensive workplace—Private Wealth Management (also referred to as Private Banking). Such contemporary work contexts—suggested to represent rather different environments vis-à-vis craft-like professions, for example—are argued to represent a more complex, conflicted and competitively-induced platform for learning. The wider regulatory environment was found to have strong influences in shaping the learning environment, representing both opportunities and restrictions for the bankers. Assessment based, compliant-driven and structured-training efforts were key drivers of the learning environment. Social interpersonal skills and professional relationships were observed as being integral and found to involve elements of power inequality, both within and across boundaries to which participants mediated, negotiated and often times obfuscated to effect power shifts through their discursive practices. Skills and perspectives, with regards to learning, evolved as the banker’s career trajectory progressed. Power punctuated not only the social network of relationships, but was also noted at the organizational level, via both explicit and implicit controls. Participants described purposeful thoughts and actions: mediating learning and strategizing outcomes in the respective environments with conflicted identity that requires balancing self, belongingness and directed efforts towards meeting the expectations of organization, respective clients and self.

La thèse relative au thème ‘‘finances publiques et richesses privées en Grèce aux époques classique et hellénistique’’ pose la problématique des relations et des corrélations entre les richesses privées et les finances publiques dans les cités et les royaumes du monde grec. Durant cette longue période, d’une part les richesses privées se constituèrent indépendamment des finances publiques par les rentes tirées de la location de certains biens, de l’exploitation minière, du commerce et des activités bancaires. En outre, par le travail intellectuel, la divination et le sport. D’autre part, les richesses privées se seraient formées aux dépens des finances publiques par la corruption et la malversation auxquelles les magistrats grecs se seraient adonnés lors de l’exercice de leurs charges. Les richesses qui furent ainsi constituées d’une manière ou d’une autre ne servirent pas seulement à l’usage privé. Elles servirent également aux finances publiques pour palier des pénuries financières, approvisionner en grain, financer des guerres, construire ou reconstruire des édifices, payer des tributs ou des rançons, faire des sacrifices, accomplir des ambassades et fournir de l’huile aux gymnases. Dès lors, les Etats grecs eurent recours à la contrainte par l’imposition du tribut, la pratique des confiscations et des prêts contraignants ainsi que la levée des taxes, des amendes et des impôts. Par ailleurs, les Etats grecs firent aussi appel à l’évergétisme des plus riches de leurs populations qui manifestèrent leur générosité lors des épidoseis, des prêts à souscription publique et des évergésies individuels. / Thesis on the theme '' public finances and private wealth in Greece in Classical and Hellenistic periods '' raises the issue of the relationships and correlations between private wealth and public finances in the cities and kingdoms of the Greek world. During this long period, on the one hand the private wealth were formed independently of public finances by rents from the leasing of certain assets, by mining, trade and banking. In addition, by the intellectual work divination and sport. On the other hand, private wealth would have formed at the expense of public finances by corruption and embezzlement that Greek judges would have indulged in the exercise of their charges. The wealth that were thus formed in one way or another did not serve only for private use. They also served the public finances to overcome financial shortages , grain supply , finance wars , build or rebuild buildings, pay tribute or ransom , make sacrifices , perform embassies and supplying oil to gyms . Therefore, the Greek states had recourse to coercive imposition of tribute, the practice of confiscation and binding and the removal of taxes loans, fines and taxes. Moreover, the Greek states also appealed to the evergetism of the richest people who demonstrated their generosity during épidoseis, public subscriptions’ loans and individual evergetisms.

BAKGRUND: Samtidigt som företag och finansiella institutioner idag har utvecklat avancerade Asset Liability Management-verktyg för att proaktivt hantera sina risker och planera framtida kassaflöden, så baseras dagens privatekonomiska rådgivning fortfarande på traditionella tillgångsallokeringsstrategier och enkla tumregler. Tidigare forskning menar på att liknande ALM-verktyg skulle kunna generera mervärde även för privatpersoner om de implementerades i praktiken, men vad de privata spararna själv tycker i frågan är hitintills outforskat. Trots detta kvarstår faktum att endast om privatpersonen själv ställer sig positiv till verktyget kan teori med fördel implementeras i praktiken. SYFTE: Studiens syfte är att undersöka och analysera den privata spararens inställning och kapacitet att ta till sig rådgivning baserat på ALM, och se om ett ALM-verktyg kan skapa mervärde i den privatekonomiska rådgivningen. GENOMFÖRANDE: Studien har utförts genom kvalitativa intervjuer med 10 privatpersoner. Författarna har skapat scenarier för en fiktiv person, där en ALM-analys visuellt har presenterats under intervjuerna. Genom att ställa frågor kopplade till scenarier har studien kunnat analysera privatpersonens vilja till att delge och förstå den information en ALM-analys genererar, samt dess inställning till att proaktivt planera sin ekonomiska framtid. SLUTSATS: Studien visar att ALM största mervärdesskapande för den privata spararen återfinns i privatpersonens intresse för att visualisera sin ekonomi. En bristande riskförståelse i kombination med en tydlig avsaknad av ekonomiska ambitioner hos den privata spararen försvagar dock verktygets användningsområde. Vidare behöver ALM-verktyget övervinna flertalet begränsat rationella beteenden och förtroendeaspekter för att skapa mervärde ur en privatpersons perspektiv. / BACKGROUND: Companies and financial institutions have developed advanced tools based on the theories of Asset Liability Management with purpose to proactively manage risks and plan future cash flows. At the same time, private financial advising of today is still based on traditional asset allocation methodologies and rules of thumbs. Previous research concludes that similar ALM-tools could add value for private investors in the financial advising, but the private investors’ perspective in the matter is still unexplored. The fact remains that only if the private investors are convinced that ALM can add value, can a tool with theoretical advantages be successfully implemented in practice. AIM: The aim of this thesis is to test and analyze the individual investors’ attitude and capacity to understand private financial advising based on ALM as methodology, and analyze whether an ALM tool adds value in private financial advising. COMPLETION: The thesis has been conducted by ten individual interviews in a qualitative manner. The authors have created a fictitious ALM-analysis that has been presented for all of the respondents. By asking questions connected to scenarios, the study have been able to analyze the individuals’ attitude to share and receive personal information, as well as their attitude to proactively plan their financial future. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that the biggest value-creating aspect of ALM is that individuals show a great interest in visualizing their own financial future. However, a financial illiteracy in combination with a lack of clear-cut financial ambitions, weakens the ALM-tools area of use for the individual. Furthermore, ALM need to overcome barriers in individuals limited rational behavior and simultaneously create a strong trust to maximize the value-creation for the individual.

Comment arrive-t-on à sauvegarder un patrimoine rural en péril ? Faut-il le laisser à l’abandon et perdre une mémoire de l’histoire nationale et locale ? Le tourisme peut-il être une solution à la préservation du patrimoine palatial privé et de la mémoire des nombreuses générations qui l’ont occupé?Cette thèse propose d’aborder plusieurs domaines, le tourisme, le patrimoine, architecture, la littérature dans le but de comprendre quel peut-être le devenir du patrimoine palatial qui est situé dans des espaces ruraux construits sur un modèle colonial. A partir de plusieurs sources d’information (interviews, observations sur le terrain, guides, journaux, vidéos, média, réseaux sociaux, etc.) et un état des lieux des maisons seigneuriales privées ouvertes au tourisme, nous avons pu essayer d’évaluer l’atout tourisme pour la préservation du patrimoine palatial privé rural ?Nous avons travaillé sur trois régions rurales lusophones (Vale do Paraíba (Brésil), Ponte de Lima (Portugal) et Goa (Inde)) où un nombre significatif, en termes quantitatifs et qualitatifs, de palais se sont construits jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Ils ont connu leurs jours de gloire, puis le temps a effacé leur importance historique dans la mémoire collective nationale. Ils sont pourtant, par leur architecture, leur production agricole, les pratiques de leurs habitants, les témoins directs de notre histoire. Ces palais connaissent de nos jours des difficultés d’entretien, voire même de survie. Il est utile de confronter les trois lieux sélectionnés: ils sont pareillement menacés de disparitions tout en cherchant des solutions très diversifiées dans leur approche d’une conversion dans le tourisme. / How can we preserve a threatened heritage? Should we neglect it and lose our memory of national and local history? Can tourism be a solution to preserve architectural private wealth?This thesis explores several fields, such as tourism, heritage, architecture and literature in order to determine what can be the future of architectural wealth in rural areas. Using various sources (interviews, field research, guides, video, media, social networks, etc.), and starting with an overview of the situation, we have arrived at the following question: can tourism be a solution to preserve architectural private wealth?Our study focuses on three Portuguese-speaking regions (Vale do Paraíba – Brazil, Ponte de Lima – Portugal and Goa - India), where many palaces were built until the 19th century. After a period of magnificence, their importance gradually faded in collective memory. They stand as witnesses of our history. Nowadays, it is more and more difficult to maintain these buildings. It is interesting to compare these three areas: their common point is the disappearance of their heritage, but they differ greatly in their tourism policies.The first part of this study describes the architectural heritage in Portuguese-speaking areas, and explains how it grew up and why it is now in danger. The second part analyses solutions offered in terms of rural tourism, and how family memory is thus preserved.