<p>This research report examined the key policies of globalisation namely, privatisation and deregulation of services and also their implication on the Tri-partite alliance. Because they have impacted negatively on major economic sectors, particularly to those that help the needy. Therefore, the study explores these initiatives, which has been debatable in South Africa under the dominant understanding of &lsquo / progress&rsquo / or &lsquo / development&rsquo / .</p> <p><br /> The Objective of the study is to lay the basis for the examination and evaluation of policy option with regard to privatisation and deregulation of services in South Africa and to engage South Africa effectively in global policy debates and adjust in global trends and negotiations within the region (SADC) and other international countries. It examines global challenges and opportunities / threats for South Africa as a developing country in the emerging global order.</p> <p><br /> This study also attempts to provide answers to several questions concerning privatisation and deregulation of public services in South Africa. To the poor, is deregulation and privatisation of state assets threatening to become the new apartheid, which is an instrument of exclusion, not just from a better life but even from the very basic services? How are workers and including the poorest of the poor affected by the status of deregulation and privatisation? Do the timing and specifics of these processes matter? Who should attempt to regulate the auction, as some of government officials seems to be corrupt? And which prior restructuring policies are worth implementing?</p>

M.Com. (Business Management) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / This research report examined the key policies of globalisation namely, privatisation and deregulation of services and also their implication on the Tri-partite alliance. Because they have impacted negatively on major economic sectors, particularly to those that help the needy. Therefore, the study explores these initiatives, which has been debatable in South Africa under the dominant understanding of &lsquo;progress&rsquo; or &lsquo;development&rsquo;. The Objective of the study is to lay the basis for the examination and evaluation of policy option with regard to privatisation and deregulation of services in South Africa and to engage South Africa effectively in global policy debates and adjust in global trends and negotiations within the region (SADC) and other international countries. It examines global challenges and opportunities / threats for South Africa as a developing country in the emerging global order. This study also attempts to provide answers to several questions concerning privatisation and deregulation of public services in South Africa. To the poor, is deregulation and privatisation of state assets threatening to become the new apartheid, which is an instrument of exclusion, not just from a better life but even from the very basic services? How are workers and including the poorest of the poor affected by the status of deregulation and privatisation? Do the timing and specifics of these processes matter? Who should attempt to regulate the auction, as some of government officials seems to be corrupt? And which prior restructuring policies are worth implementing? / South Africa

The neo-liberal restructuring of state assets and facilities, which has taken place internationally over the past three decades, as well as in South Africa, has been a matter of great controversy. Privatisation, in particular, has been a polarising issue, especially when applied to fields like healthcare. Supporters of privatisation view it as cutting costs, mobilising funding, expertise and innovation, resulting in improved delivery, and opening possibilities for a spread of ownership. Critics claim the process involves retrenchments, declining services for the (poorer) majority of people, and a focus on the elites as citizens become transformed into customers, and with any economic empowerment going to the already prosperous. This thesis examines these issues by looking at the privatisation of hospitals in South Africa, with a case study of the Netcare-Settlers Public Private Partnership (PPP) (also known as the Settlers Private Hospital) in Grahamstown, South Africa. Netcare is South Africa’s largest private hospital company, and also has substantial operations in the United Kingdom. The thesis sets out the context: a highly inequitable healthcare system in the country, the rise of privatisation in the apartheid and post-apartheid eras, and healthcare privatisation. In terms of the Netcare-Settlers PPP, the thesis examines how the PPP was structured and developed, focusing on the impact of the PPP on non-clinical operations. The thesis argues that the results of the PPP are mixed, that it has greatly improved areas like facilities, maintenance, cleaning and catering, performed less well in increasing the doctor/ patient ratio or in attracting specialists, and is associated with the widespread and problematic use of outsourcing of service workers like cleaners and security. Overall, the PPP has improved healthcare, with some effective sharing of resources between the public and private parts of the hospital, but also relies on a pool of relatively low waged, under-unionised, labour. In terms of the general debate over privatisation, the Netcare-Settlers PPP shows that both supporters and critics have some valid points, and that privatisation in practice is not an either/ or, black/ white, good/ bad proposition, but something more complex. The success and failure of PPPs depend on the details of the contracts, and these can be used to maximise the performance of both the public and private partners. Better contracts may help avoid the uneven results seen at institutions like the Netcare-Settlers PPP.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The disposal of state assets is proceeding at a very slow pace in South Africa, mainly due to conflicting interests. On the one hand the business community supports privatisation and perceives the hesitance of government as a lack of commitment. On the other hand labour is opposed to privatisation, as to them it is synonymous with an increase in unemployment, will lead to price increases and the discontinuation of the extension of basic services to the poor. Government approaches each privatisation on a case-by-case basis and no definite decision on what should be done with the proceeds from privatisation has been reached. South Africa is currently in a position where it can learn from the models used in other developing countries. This study seeks to explore the unique method of privatisation used in Bolivia, namely capitalisation, and to determine which aspects can be applied in the South African context. Government did not receive the proceeds from the sale of the SOEs; it was reinvested in the enterprise to be used for development and expansion. Government relinquished control as the investor received 50% of the equity and full management control, while the remaining 50% of the equity was distributed to the general population through a private pension fund. In South Africa the state-owned enterprises are in dire need of recapitalisation to meet expansion targets and to remain competitive in the global environment. Even though the government is reluctant to relinquish control it is obvious that this will be inevitable to attract quality foreign investors. It is imperative that the necessary legal and regulatory structures be in place before embarking on the process. Effective regulation is especially important when exclusivity rights are granted to prevent public monopolies from being perpetuated as private monopolies. Involvement of the unions is important in the South African environment and has been formalised through the National Framework Agreement. South Africa is in a position to improve on the method used to distribute benefits to the general population in Bolivia. As in Bolivia, it would be senseless to let the population only benefit on retirement, considering the low life expectancy. The National Empowerment Fund was created to provide the previously disadvantaged access to shares of the privatised state-owned enterprises at a reduced price. The government should consider allocating 50% of the equity instead of the traditional 5 to 15%, to be held in individual portfolio accounts at no cost to individuals. Considering the importance of development in South Africa it is suggested that part of the revenue received from privatisation should be allocated to a fund, which can be used to expand services to the poorer communities and subsidise consumers who are unable to pay for these services. The Bolivian model is no panacea, but contains valuable lessons, which cannot be / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verkoop van staatsbates verloop teen 'n baie stadige tempo in Suid-Afrika, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van botsende belange. Aan die een kant ondersteun die sakegemeenskap privatisering en word die weifeling aan regeringskant beskou as 'n gebrek aan verbondenheid aan die proses. Aan die ander kant is die vakbonde gekant teen privatisering, aangesien dit vir hul 'n toename in werkloosheid simboliseer. Volgens hulle sal dit ook lei tot prysstygings en tot die onderbreking van die uitbreiding van basiese dienste na die behoeftiges. Die regering evalueer elke privatiseringsgeval op 'n individuele grondslag en geen definitiewe besluit is al geneem oor hoe die opbrengste uit privatisering aangewend gaan word nie. Suid-Afrika is tans in 'n posisie om te leer uit die modelle wat in ander ontwikkelende lande toegepas is. Hierdie studie ondersoek die unieke metode van privatisering wat in Bolivia gebruik is, naamlik kapitalisering en probeer vasstel watter aspekte in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks van toepassing is. Die opbrengste van privatisering het nie na die staatskoffers gegaan nie, maar is herinvesteer in die betrokke staatsondernemings om gebruik te word vir ontwikkeling en uitbreiding. Die regering het beheer opgesê en die belegger het 50% van die aandele ontvang sowel as volle bestuursbeheer, en die oorblywende 50% is aan die algemene bevolking deur middel van 'n private pensioenfonds versprei. In Suid-Afrikaanse staatsondernemings is daar 'n dringende behoefte aan herkapitalisering om ontwikkelingsdoelwitte te bereik en om kompeterend in die globale omgewing te bly. Ten spyte daarvan dat die regering teësinnig is om beheer op te sê, is dit duidelik dat dit onvermydelik sal wees om kwaliteit buitelandse beleggers te lok. Dit is ook noodsaaklik dat die relevante regs- en reguleringstrukture in plek moet wees voordat die proses geïnisieer word. Effektiewe regulering is veral van belang as eksklusiwiteitsregte aan beleggers toegesê word om te verhoed dat staatsmonopolieë in private monopolieë omskep word. Betrokkenheid van die vakbonde is baie belangrik in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks en is reeds deur die Nasionale Raamwerkooreenkoms geformaliseer. Suid-Afrika is in die posisie om te verbeter op die Boliviaanse metode om voordele na die algemene bevolking te versprei. Soos in Bolivia sal dit sinneloos wees om die bevolking eers by aftrede te laat baatvind as die lae lewensverwagting in ag geneem word. Die National Empowerment Fund is gestig om aan die agtergeblewenes toegang tot aandele in die geprivatiseerde staatsondernemings teen "n verlaagde prys te bied. Die regering kan gerus oorweeg om 50% van die aandele, in plaas van die tradisionele vyf tot 15%, in afsonderlike portefeuljes teen geen koste te plaas. Om die proses van ontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika te steun, word daar voorgestel dat "n gedeelte van die inkomste van privatisering aan "n fonds toegesê word wat gebruik kan word om basiese dienste uit te brei na minderbevoorregtes, en om subsidies te verskaf aan verbruikers wat nie in staat is om vir hierdie dienste te betaal nie. Die Boliviaanse model is geen wonderkuur nie, maar bevat waardevolle lesse wat Suid- Afrika kwalik kan bekostig om te ignoreer.

Thesis (MBA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The 1990s witnessed a substantial increase in privatization of SOEs in African countries. In some countries, like Zambia, privatization was greatly motivated by IFIs, through SAPs. However, for other countries like South Africa, the drive came from the desire to improve efficiency in the delivery of services and enhance economic growth. This study seeks to assess privatisation processes in Africa, with special reference to South Africa and Zambia. The motives for privatisation are discussed, as well as the role played by IFI in African privatisation programs. Privatisation in Zambia is regarded by many, including the World Bank as a success story. The government of Zambia, through the ZPA, has shown commitment towards privatisation and embarked on a rigorous privatisation programme which saw the transfer of 85 percent of the Zambia's economy to the private sector. In South Africa, privatisation's pace is slower than expected a nd there has been a shift of focus from pure privatisation to investment into efficiency of the state enterprises. There is no consensus from various stakeholders. The business criticises the government for the slow paced privatisation process, while organised labour, for fear of job losses, is putting resistance to the process. This study concludes by mapping a way forward for African countries. African countries should continue cautiously with the privatisation process. Proper regulatory framework should be established and issues like poverty reduction and long tern development should be addressed as well when drawing privatisation policies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die 1990's getuig van 'n beduidende toename in die privatisering van ondernemings in staatsbesit (State-owned Enterprises - SOEs) in Afrikalande. In sommige lande, soos Zambië, is privatisering grootliks deur Internasionale Finansiële Instellings (IFI's) via Gestruktureerde Aanpassingsprogramme (Structural Adjustment Programmes - SAPs) gemotiveer. Die dryfkrag in ander lande, soos Suid-Afrika, spruit egter uit die begeerte om doeltreffendheid in dienslewering te verbeter en om ekonomiese groei te versterk. Hierdie ondersoek kyk na die assessering van privatiseringsprosesse in Afrika, met spesiale verwysing na Suid-Afrika en Zambië. Die beweegredes vir privatisering word bespreek, sowel as die rol wat IFI's in privatiseringsprogramme in Afrika speel. Baie mense en organisasies, insluitend die Wêreldbank, beskou die privatisering in Zambië as 'n suksesverhaal. Die regering van Zambië, via die ZPA, het hom tot privatisering verbind, en het 'n streng privatiseringsprogram aangepak waarvolgens 85 persent van Zambië se ekonomie na die private sektor oorgedra is. Die tempo van privatisering in Suid-Afrika is stadiger as wat verwag is, en daar is 'n klemverskuiwing van suiwer privatisering na 'n belegging in die doeltreffendheid van staatsondernemings. Daar is geen eenstemmigheid tussen die verskillende belangegroepe nie. Sakeondernemings kritiseer die regering vir die stadige privatiseringsproses terwyl georganiseerde arbeid, uit vrees vir verlore poste, die proses teenstaan. Hierdie studie sluit af deur 'n pad vorentoe vir Afrika-lande uit te stippel. Afrika-lande moet versigtig voortgaan met die privatiseringsproses. Behoorlike regulatoriese raamwerke moet gevestig word, en aangeleenthede soos armoedeverligting en langtermynontwikkeling moet aandag geniet wanneer beleid oor privatisering opgestel word.

<p>The privatization of public prisons has caused much controversy in South Africa as well as internationally. However, it should be noted that the level of resistance to privatisation within the South African context has been minimal by international standards. It is not clear what might have contributed to this quiet approach given the fact that there are many anti-privatisation campaigns driven by the labour movement and civil society groups in South Africa. This research investigation focused on the privatisation of prisons and prison services in South Africa and has explored the various advantages and disadvantages that exist in this respect.</p>

This research report investigated public-private partnerships in the development of affordable housing in Johannesburg. The study evaluated the success of affordable housing projects developed through the joint efforts of the public and the private sector. It explored how the private and the public sector help each other in development projects to ensure successful projects which benefit low to middle (gap market) income households. To do this, the study utilised two affordable/integrated housing development projects in the Johannesburg area. These were the Fleurhof project on Main Reef road and the Pennyville development on New Canada road. Interviews were also conducted to get information from the different stakeholders involved in affordable housing project developments with regards to their experiences, lessons learnt and propositions for better and more efficient running of future such projects. Studies and information received from interviews were evaluated using theoretical frameworks around affordable housing and public private partnerships as to determine if these projects and activity happening in the Johannesburg area is in line with theories and policies developed to guide public-private activity and affordable housing development. The findings from the field study analysis (case studies and interviews) were used to provide recommendations as to what can be done for better outcomes in public-private partnership projects in affordable housing delivery. From the field work it was found that contrary to the study claims and propositions, publicprivate partnership housing developments are benefiting the intended income group and that the private sector has gained confidence and is becoming more and more interested and involved in such projects. This is not to say that no issues were discovered or raised during the study. This is why recommendations were brought forward and these are mainly directed to the public sector. Recommendations include that public sector needs to increase its capacity when it comes to the area of developing affordable housing projects as lack of capacity results in unnecessarily lengthy application approval periods which become very costly when it comes to development. Other recommendations are for better planning and review of procedures for the public sector to be more efficient as the private sector works on time and need payments and other procedures to occur on time to avoid setbacks and strains on public private relationships.

The emergence of public enterprises was heightened in the middle part of this century at a time when the Keynesian theory dominated economic thinking. State involvement in the economy was viewed as essentially crucial for crowding in of investment. With recession creeping in the late 70s, coupled with dynamic and evolving economic thinking and policies of the time, degovernmentalisation assumed prominence. The central theme was that the private sector was more efficient in the allocation of resources. The UK led the way in 1979 with pronouncements of privatisation of state enterprises. Privatisation became the new buzzword, and was exported all over the world. In South Africa, the problems encountered towards the close of the late 1980s paved the way for privatisation. South African Posts and Telecommunications' (SAPT) path towards privatisation was mooted in 1988 and chanted in October 1991 when it was commercialized to form TELKOM SA Limited. The takeoff to privatisation occurred in 1996 when 30% of TELKOM shares were sold off to Telekom Malaysia Bhd partnered by US-based SBC Communications Inc. Telecommunications has pervaded all facets of human endeavors covering social, security and business functions. Intricately intertwined global processes have complemented the sector's propensity to expand and integrate since the late 70s. Despite its salient impact on political, economic and social development, telecommunications remains at a crossroads in South Africa. The seemingly dichotomous situation in South Africa presents an interesting development dilemma of social thrust versus private capital development. In telecommunications, there are two conflicting objectives that have to be met: universal service provision versus growth and development of world class business services. Privatisation will have a profound impact on various stakeholders including the government, TELKOM, trade unions, residential and business consumers, equipment manufacturers and engineers among others. The study therefore seeks to give an anagram of parastatals emergence, analysis of the privatisation process, as well as provide a critical and empirical review of TELKOM development trajectory. The analysis is made within the context of development using the following theories: principal-agent theory, theory of contestable markets and regulatory theory. These are central to issues behind privatisation since ownership; efficiency and regulation shape the policies and operations of companies today. This thesis has found that TELKOM has performed relatively well over the last couple of decades but has been facing major challenges created by the new sociopolitical dispensation, globalization and a shift in economic thinking premised on capitalism. There are wide disparities in the provision of phones along spatial and racial lines. Competition is still a far cry although regulation structures are in place. For regulation to work there must be competition and free access to information, and this is non existent. Regulation in an information asymmetry environment can render it ineffective. The only route open for telecommunications in South Africa is privatisation, which should be implemented in stages in consultation with various stakeholders. Policy guidelines should emphasize the promotion of both the universal service and market services in order to close the gaps created by apartheid and make South Africa industry competitive. Models from the developed and developing worlds should be blended while taking into consideration historical and specific conditions prevailing in the country. The dynamic telecommunications industry is going to self adjust through a process of partnerships and alliances while lower tariffs can be achieved through competitive provision of services and supply of equipment. Complementary telecommunication services should be provided through existing networks operated by Transtel, Eskom etc. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, 1999.

<p>The privatization of public prisons has caused much controversy in South Africa as well as internationally. However, it should be noted that the level of resistance to privatisation within the South African context has been minimal by international standards. It is not clear what might have contributed to this quiet approach given the fact that there are many anti-privatisation campaigns driven by the labour movement and civil society groups in South Africa. This research investigation focused on the privatisation of prisons and prison services in South Africa and has explored the various advantages and disadvantages that exist in this respect.</p>