O estudo discute o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em Dança na Educação Básica. Tendo por objetivo principal investigar como ocorre o processo de construção dos corpos dançantes na escola de ensino formal, a pesquisa desenvolve-se numa abordagem qualitativa, empírica e reflexiva, que se propõe a problematizar as relações entre os saberes teóricos e práticos que envolvem a disciplina de Dança no meio escolar, considerando seus referenciais, objetivos, conteúdos e procedimentos didáticos. O estudo “deságua” na configuração do termo “co(rpo)letivo”, idealizado pela autora, que caracteriza um corpo dançante na escola. A parte empírica da pesquisa ocorre no Instituto de Educação General Flores da Cunha, escola da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Porto Alegre – RS, onde alunos de uma turma do 1⁰ ano do Ensino Fundamental participam de aulas de Dança ministradas no 2⁰ semestre de 2011. Considerando essa experiência prática, são analisados materiais (vídeos, fotos, relatórios de observação), na perspectiva de autores como: Freire (1996), Tardif e Levasseur (2011), Imbernón (2011), Becker (2008), Gil (2004), Marques (2010), Strazzacappa (2006), Tiriba (2008), dentre outros. Ao tratar de temas inerentes à inserção da Dança na escola, a pesquisa compreende fatores como: perfil docente, possibilidades e dificuldades da ação pedagógica, conteúdos e processos históricos de Dança, Educação e Sociedade. A partir destas questões e reflexões propõe-se um entrelaçamento de saberes na tentativa de ampliar as possibilidades de trabalho em Dança na Educação Básica, problematizar mitos a respeito do ensino da Dança e pesquisar o universo que engloba a sua prática. Os resultados obtidos no estudo levam a considerar que a construção de corpos dançantes na escola, vincula-se ao comprometimento por parte da instituição educacional com um ensino de Dança de qualidade; ao oferecimento de condições para que o aluno crie e acredite no seu próprio potencial; e do desenvolvimento de propostas contínuas e atualizadas em relação às tendências artísticas da Dança. Nessa perspectiva, as especificidades que demarcam o corpo na escola, indo ao encontro da noção de “co(rpo)letivo”, são, de modo geral, o envolvimento num processo de construção de saberes em Dança numa escola de Educação Básica promotora de vivências coletivas de aprendizado, em sintonia com o processo de criação e recriação da autonomia do corpo, e de experimentação da Dança de modo investigativo, crítico e criativo. / The study discusses the process of teaching and learning of Dance in Elementary Education. Since the main objective is to investigate how the construction process of dancing occurs in formal school education, the research develops a qualitative, empirical and reflexive approach which intends to debate the relationship among the theoretical and practical knowledge which involve the discipline of dancing at school considering its benchmarks, objectives, contents and teaching procedures. The study leads to the configuration of the term "co(rpo)letivo", idealized by the author, that represents a dancing body at school. The empirical part of the research occurs at the Instituto de Educação General Flores da Cunha, State School of Porto Alegre - RS, where students of the 1⁰ year class of the elementary school attends classes in Dance which was held in the 2⁰ semester of 2011. Considering this practical experience, materials are analyzed (videos, photos, class reports) from the perspective of authors such as Freire (1996), Tardif and Levasseur (2011), Imbernon (2011), Becker (2008), Gil (2004) Marques (2010), Strazzacappa (2006), Tiriba (2008), among others. By addressing issues concerning the insertion of Dance at school, the research includes factors such as: teaching profile, possibilities and difficulties of pedagogical action, content and historical processes of Dance, Education and Society. From these questions and reflections, the research proposes an interweaving of knowledge in order to expand Dance possibilities in Elementary Education, discuss myths related to teaching Dance and understand the universe that encompasses its practice. The results obtained in this study lead to the conclusion that the construction of dancing bodies in school are linked to the commitment by the educational institution with a qualified teaching of dance; offering the conditions for the student to create and believe in their own potential, and the development of continuous and updated proposals related to the artistic trends of Dance. From this perspective, the specifics that outline the body at the school, meeting the concept of "co(rpo)letivo" are, in general, the involvement in a process of knowledge construction in a dance at a Basic Education that promotes collective learning in line with the process of creation and recreation of body’s autonomy, and also the experimentation in Dance, in an investigative, critical and creative way.

O parvovírus suíno (PPV) apresenta grande importância, principalmente em fêmeas nãoimunes, por causar perdas reprodutivas significativas. O primeiro trabalho foi desenvolvido sobre forma de revisão, e serviu como base para realização dos estudos seguintes. O segundo trabalho foi conduzido para determinar a resposta de anticorpos para PPV em 127 leitoas após a vacinação, avaliar a transferência de imunidade passiva e estimar a queda de anticorpos colostrais para PPV na leitegada. Foi realizada coleta de sangue nas leitoas em: (A) antes da primeira vacinação para PPV, (B) após a segunda dose; (C) no parto e (D) durante a segunda gestação. Além disto, colostro também foi coletado (E). Três leitões de cada fêmea foram selecionados e amostras de sangue foram coletadas: antes de mamar o colostro, 7, 21, 57, 87 e 128 dias de idade, a fim de verificar o declínio da imunidade passiva e estimar a meia-vida de anticorpos para PPV. O número de fetos mumificados, natimortos, nascidos vivos e nascidos totais do primeiro e segundo parto foram analizados. Os anticorpos para PPV foram testados por inibição da hemaglutinação (HI) e enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a fim de verificar a concordância entre estes dois métodos. A possível associação entre os títulos de anticorpos das fêmeas e dos leitões no soro e no colostro com os dados reprodutivos também foi investigada. A maioria das fêmeas (85,83%) tiveram anticorpos para PPV antes da vacinação, mas depois da vacina, todas as fêmeas soroconverteram. Aos sete dias de idade a maioria dos leitões apresentaram anticorpos para PPV e em torno dos 57 dias de idade somente 35,29% dos leitões eram positivos, alcançando a nulidade de anticorpos para PPV aos 87 dias de idade. A meia-vida estimada dos anticorpos colostrais foi 29,80 dias. A correlação entre o soro dos leitões e da fêmea no momento do parto foi r=0,77 (P<0,001) e com o colostro o valor de r foi 0,72 (P<0.001). A concordância entre os testes de ELISA e HI foi moderada (Spearman’s ρ= 0,89 e R2= 0.67). Houve diferença somente no número de mumificados entre o primeiro e segundo parto (P<0,001). O terceiro trabalho objetivou avaliar o perfil de anticorpos para PPV em diferentes sistemas de reposição de leitoas, correlacionando com dados reprodutivos. Cento e cinquenta 11 nulíparas com duas doses de vacina para PPV foram selecionadas de três sistemas de reposição diferentes: quarto sítio - A (n=36), granja receptora do quarto sítio - B (n=57) e granja multiplicadora - C (n=57). Os anticorpos para PPV foram medidos utilizando um teste de ELISA. Houve diferença entre as três granjas com relação ao título de anticorpos (P<0,05). Ao comparar os dados reprodutivos entre as granjas, houve diferença entre elas no número de nascidos totais e nascidos vivos, mas não foi observada diferença no percentual de natimortos e de mumificados (P>0,05). A correta preparação da leitoa, objetivando a proteção no momento da cobertura é fundamental para alcançar bom desempenho reprodutivo, independente do sistema de reposição utilizado. / Porcine parvovirus (PPV) has a great importance because causes significantly reproductive losses, mainly in non-immune gilts. The first study was developmented as a review, and served as a basis to carry out the following studies. The second study was conducted to determine the antibody response for PPV of 127 gilts in field conditions after vaccination, to evaluate the transfer of passive immunity and to estimate the decay of acquired colostral antibodies to PPV in the littermate. Gilts were bled at: (A) before the first vaccination to PPV, (B) after the second dose; (C) at farrowing and (D) during the second pregnancy. Added to these, colostrum was also collected (E). Three piglets of each gilt were selected and blood samples were collected: prior to initial colostrum intake, 7, 21, 57, 87 and 128 day-old, in order to verify the decrease of passive immunity and estimate the half-life of PPV antibodies. The number of mummified fetus, stillbirths, born alive and total born were analyzed from first and second parturition. The PPV antibodies were tested both with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to study the agreement between these methods. The possible association between gilts and piglets antibody titers in serum and colostrum with reproductive data was also investigated. Most gilts (85.83%) had antibodies to PPV before vaccination, but after vaccine, all gilts seroconverted. At 7 day-old most part of piglets had PPV antibodies and around 57 days-old only 35.29% of piglets were positive, reaching the PPV antibodies nullity at 87 days-old. The estimated average half-life of acquired colostral antibodies was 29.80 days. The correlation between piglets serum with gilt serum at farrowing time was r=0.77 (P<0.001) and with colostrum the r value was 0.72 (P<0.001). The agreement between ELISA and HI tests was moderate (Spearman’s ρ= 0.89 and R2= 0.67). The only difference between first and second parturition was observed on mummified fetuses (P<0.001). The objective of the third study was to evaluate the PPV antibodies profile in different gilts replacement systems, correlating with reproductive data. A hundred and fifty gilts with two doses of 13 PPV vaccine were selected from three different gilts replacement systems: Fourth site - A (n=36), fourth site receiver herd - B (n=57) and a farm producing dam lines - C (n=57). The PPV antibodies were measured by an ELISA test. There were a difference on antibody titers among the three herds (P<0.05). When we compared the reproductive data among herds, there were difference on total born and born alive, but this difference was not observed on the percentual of stillbirths and mummified (P>0.05). The correct gilt preparation, aiming the protection on mating time is fundamental to reach a great reproductive performance, independent of the replacement gilt system used.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafaela_Ana_Rech_Rodrigues.pdf: 3839276 bytes, checksum: 0e4c44f90332130f089ffc46bdc0853a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-03 / Planation surfaces mean the last stage in the reliefs evolution. In order to understand how was the evolution process and formation of the surfaces it becomes necessary to looking for information about the process soil formation related to the climate regime and the bedrock. The Southwest region of Parana and Northwest of Santa Catarina are characterized by a succession of remains of incompletely flattened surfaces, in which one of them stood out for having more than nine meters of weathered material. This study sought to characterize this remaining flat surface by its determining the weathering stage, macro and micromorphological characteristics of the pedon. In addition, there was the possibility of relating the evolution that surface with the etchplanation theory proposed by previous research. Physical analyses were carried as the, granulometry and tipics chemical, micromorphology, clay mineralogy, iron content and analytical chemistry. Therefore, the soil profile presented itself with more than nine meters of material exposed with diffuse transition and moderate A horizon (0 0,20 m), BW1 (0,20 to 1,40 m), Bw2 (1,40 2,50 m), B nític 1 and B nític 2 (2,50 to 8,70 m), BC (8,70 to 9,50 m) and CB (from 9,50 m). Through the microstructure it was observed the vertical transformation of the B horizon latosolic from nític B horizon. In the stage of weathering, mineralogical analysis, chemical and iron content have revealed that the soil profile studied is evolving to an advanced stage, in other words, from ferruginous to ferralitic. Such analysis, especially mineral, allowed to define the partial hydrolysis as the main process related to the formation and evolution of the soil. In this, there is a predominance of kaolinite (1:1), characterized by partial loss of silica (monossialitization) and by the vertical movement of materials. Therefore, we can confirm evolutionary compatibility with etchplanation theory. The occurrence of chemical weathering was possible due to weather conditions and rocky soil, basalt, promoting the vertical movement of materials, causing isovolumetric loss and thus the planation. / Superfícies aplainadas significam a última etapa da evolução de relevos. Para que se possa entender como foi o processo de gênese e evolução das mesmas se torna necessário buscar informações sobre os processos de formação dos solos relacionados ao regime climático e o substrato rochoso. As regiões Sudoeste do Paraná e Noroeste de Santa Catarina se caracterizam por uma sucessão de remanescentes de superfícies incompletamente aplainadas, no qual uma delas destaca-se por apresentar perfis de alteração com mais de nove metros de profundidade. Esse trabalho buscou caracterizar este remanescente de superfície aplainada através do seu estágio de intemperismo determinando, características macro e micromorfológicas do perfil de solo. Além disso, verificou-se a possibilidade de relacionar a evolução dessa superfície com a teoria da etchplanação proposta por pesquisas anteriores. Foram realizadas descrições macromorfológicas, granulometria, caracterização química de rotina, micromorfologia, mineralogia da fração argila, teores de ferro e química analítica. O perfil de alteração apresentou-se com mais de nove metros de material exposto com transição difusa e horizonte A moderado (0 0,20 m), Bw1 (0,20 1,40 m), Bw2 (1,40 2,50 m), B nítico 1 e B nítico 2 (2,50 8,70 m), BC (8,70 9,50 m) e CB (a partir de 9,50 m). Através da microestrutura verificou-se a transformação vertical do horizonte B latossólico a partir do horizonte B nítico. Quanto ao estágio de intemperismo, as análises mineralógica, química e teor de ferro permitiram afirmar que o perfil de solo estudado está evoluindo para um estágio avançado, ou seja, evoluindo de ferruginoso para ferralítico. Tais análises, principalmente a mineralógica, permitiram definir a hidrólise parcial como principal processo relacionado à formação e evolução deste solo, que apresenta predomínio de caolinita (1:1), caracterizando-se pela perda parcial de sílica (monossialitização) e pelo movimento vertical dos materiais. Diante disso, podese confirmar a compatibilidade evolutiva com a teoria da etchplanação. A ocorrência do intemperismo químico foi possível devido às condições climáticas e ao substrato rochoso, o basalto, promovendo a movimentação vertical dos materiais, gerando perda isovolumétrica e assim o aplainamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIZANDRA_BERTUOL.pdf: 4697203 bytes, checksum: 4058cf1fefa0969edd3033b8a4d60c1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study examined the stage of weathering of the surface coverage for the geomorphologic surface V, located in Clevelândia (PR) in the field of the Araucária Plateau. To this end, we analyzed the characteristics of the physical and chemical properties of materials in the profile; was determined from the free, total, and the crystalline iron and the total chemical ten (10) major oxides by X-ray fluorescence finally, there is the micro morphology organization of materials. The weathering profile presented more than 710 cm of exposed material, with gradual transition horizons: A (0-20 cm), AB (20-60cm), BA (60-110 cm), Bw1 (110-210 cm), Bw2 (210-350 cm), BC (350-470 cm) and CB (470- 540 cm) and C (540 - 710+ cm). The characterization of physical and chemical attributes of the weathering profile showed native soil cover, with features Oxisols red with acric character. The mineralogical analysis of the material indicated weathering stage characterized by partial hydrolysis environment, the monossialitization type. Associating soil and geochemical characteristics, one realizes that it is weathering profile whose evolutionary process is to ferruginization. The results confirm the hypothesis that the surface V was prepared by the action of etchplanation from the lowering of the substrate by isovolumetric loss generating planing. / O presente trabalho verificou o estágio de intemperismo da cobertura superficial para a superfície geomorfológica V, localizado em Clevelândia (PR), no domínio do Planalto das Araucárias. Para tal, analisou-se as características dos atributos físicos e químicos dos materiais no perfil; determinou-se o ferro livre, total e amorfo e a química total dos dez (10) principais óxidos por fluorescência de raios-X e, por fim, verificou-se a organização micromorfológica dos materiais. O perfil de intemperismo apresentou mais de 710 cm de material exposto, com transição gradual de horizontes: A (0 20 cm), AB (20- 60 cm), BA (60 110 cm), Bw1 (110 - 210 cm), Bw2 (210 350 cm), BC (350 470 cm), CB (470- 540 cm) e C (540 710+ cm). A caracterização dos atributos físicos e químicos do perfil de intemperismo mostrou cobertura pedológica autóctone, com características de Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico com caráter ácrico. A análise mineralógica dos materiais indica estágio de intemperismo avançado, caracterizado pelo ambiente de hidrólise parcial, do tipo monossialitização. Associando caraterísticas pedológicas e geoquímicas, percebe-se que se trata de perfil de intemperismo cujo processo evolutivo é o de ferruginização. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese de que a superfície V foi elaborada pela ação da etchplanação, a partir do rebaixamento do substrato por perda isovolumétrica gerando o aplainamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wanessa S P Dal Berti.pdf: 7008811 bytes, checksum: 38f5735759abf5feff9301bbc4b7810d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-08 / The research presents the characterization of surface formations in the sector covering the geomorphic surfaces IV and III in the Araucária Plateau, including transitions to surfaces II and V, in order identify the stage of materials evolution in representative profiles of each geomorphic surface. For this we used the lifting of macro morphology characteristics of surface, and laboratory analyzes of particle size, macronutrients, sulfuric attack and clays diffractogram of X-rays. The representative profile of the surface IV, developed on basaltic substrate, in surface with elevation between 1000 and 1100m, has over 4 meters thichness and solum more than 230cm, corresponding to Nitossolo Bruno Distroférrico Aluminico. It s mineral matter consists of quartz, anatase, ilmenite, hematite, goethite, gibbsite, kaolinite and possible presence of vermiculite. Between the geomorphic surfaces IV and III, the change of profile is developed on rhyolite, with soil 220cm thick whose morphological characteristics individualize Oxisol Distrofic, aluminum character. The Horizon B mineral matter consists of quartz, anatase, gibbsite, kaolinite and possible presence of VHE (vermiculite hydroxy between layers). The morphological characteristics of this profile indicate evolved weathering stage, although the horizon B has only 55cm. On the surface III, the profile described amendment corresponds to Oxisol Distroferric aluminum, whose mineralogy in the sand and silt fractions are made up of quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, spinel, magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, goethite and it s polimorfo, the lepidocrocite. In the clay fraction occur goethite, hematite, brookita, diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite and diquita, although vermiculite Al-OH between layers (VHE), besides the boehmita and mineral zeolites group. In the transition area between the geomorpfic surfaces V and IV, the changing profile showed 550cm thick, of which 370cm correspond to soil. Presents very weathered material, the type Oxisol Distroferric aluminium, the characteristics of sulfuric attack indicate that volumes appear to have no evolutionary relation with each other, indicating that is not changing material developed in situ. The minerals in the sand and silt fraction are cristobalite, tridymite, magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, goethite and apinel. In the clay fraction occurring minerals similar to those recorded in the B horizon of the representative profile of the surface III. In short, the weathering profile identified in geomorphic surfaces studies (IV, III and transitions) have very similar morphological characteristics indicating overall, high change stage. The four representative profiles analyzed there fall into the class of Oxisol, varying only distrophic,for distroferric, and is presented in Nitossolo Bruno Distroferric aluminium class. Of these profiles, three have development features from indigenous parent material (P1, P4 and P11), while the P13 profile shows parental relation with allochthonous material. / A pesquisa apresenta a caracterização das formações superficiais em setor que abrange as superfícies geomórficas IV e III no Planalto das Araucárias, incluindo as transições para superfícies II e V, buscando identificar o estágio de evolução dos materiais em perfis representativos de cada superfície geomórfica. Para tal utilizou-se do levantamento das características macromorfológicas da cobertura superficial em campo, bem como de análises laboratoriais de granulometria, macronutrientes, ataque sulfurico e difratogrametria de raios-X de argilas. O perfil representativo da superfície IV, desenvolvido sobre substrato basáltico, em superfície com elevação entre 1000 e 1100m, apresenta mais de 4 metros de espessura e solum com mais de 230 cm, correspondendo a Nitossolo Bruno Distroférrico Alumínico. Sua matéria mineral é constituída por quartzo, anatásio, ilmenita, hematita, goethita, gibbsita, caulinita e possível presença de vermiculita. Entre as superfícies geomórficas IV e III, o perfil de alteração desenvolve-se sobre riolito, apresentando solum com 220 cm de espessura cujas características morfológicas individualizam Latossolo Bruno Distrófico, caráter alumínico. A matéria mineral do horizonte B é constituída por quartzo, anatásio, gibbsita, caulinita e possível presença de VHE (vermiculita hidroxi entre camadas). As características morfológicas desse perfil indicam estágio de intemperismo evoluído, apesar do horizonte B apresentar apenas 55 cm. Na superfície III, o perfil de alteração descrito corresponde a Latossolo Bruno Distroférrico Alumínico, cuja mineralogia nas frações areia e silte constituem-se de quartzo, tridimita, cristobalita, espinélio, magnetita-magenita, ilmenita, hematita, goetita e seu polimorfo, a lepidocrocita. Na fração argila ocorrem goetita, hematita, brookita, diásporo, boehmita, caulinita e diquita, bem como vermiculita Al-OH entre camadas (VHE), além da boehmita e mineral do grupo da zeólitas. Na área de transição entre as superfícies geomórficas V e IV, o perfil de alteração mostrou 550 cm de espessura, dos quais 370 cm correspondem a solum. Apresenta material muito intemperizado, do tipo Latossolo Bruno Distroférrico Alumínico, cujas características do ataque sulfúrico indicam que os volumes não aparentam ter relação evolutiva entre si, indicando que não se trata de material de alteração desenvolvido in situ. Os minerais presentes na fração areia e silte são cristobalita, tridimita, magnetita, ilmenita, hematita, goetita e espinélio. Na fração argila ocorrem minerais similares aos registrados no horizonte B do perfil representativo da superfície III. Em suma, os perfis de intemperismo identificados nas superfícies geomorfológicas estudadas (IV, III e transições) apresentam características morfológicas bastante similares indicando, no geral, estágio de alteração elevado. Dos quatro perfis representativos analisados, três se enquadram na classe dos Latossolos, com variação apenas de distrófico para distroférrico, e um apresenta-se na classe Nitossolo Bruno Distroférrico Alumínico. Desse total de perfis, três apresentam características de desenvolvimento a partir de material parental autóctone (P1, P4 e P11), enquanto o perfil P13 mostra relação com material parental alóctone.

O manuseio de grãos durante as operações de carga e descarga geram materiais particulados que são liberados para a atmosfera interferindo na qualidade do ar da região. Essa pesquisa identificou a presença de material particulado proveniente de grãos na cidade de Santos utilizando dados disponibilizados pelos satélites da NASA, índices de qualidade do ar fornecidos pela CETESB e dados obtidos pela técnica LIDAR. / Grain handling during loading and unloading operations generates particulate materials that are released into the atmosphere by interfering with the air quality of the region. This research identified the presence of particulate matter from grain in the city of Santos using data provided by NASA satellites, air quality indexes provided by CETESB and data obtained by the LIDAR technique.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2019-02-06T18:22:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_Megliorini_2018.pdf: 2265228 bytes, checksum: 5bec59af67778babe3b2590c1a6bf0f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-06T18:22:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_Megliorini_2018.pdf: 2265228 bytes, checksum: 5bec59af67778babe3b2590c1a6bf0f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / Nitrofurazone is a drug used to treat burns and skin transplants. The drug product is salled in cream and solution form. The ecovio® polymer is composed of poly(lactic acid) / poly(butylene adipate co-teraphtalate) and is biocompatible. In this work a film with the combination of ecovio® and nitrofurazone was produced by the electrospinning technique forming nanofibers. Two films were produced. The first was produced with dimethylformamide / tetrahydrofuran (15:85 v / v) and was capable of releasing 100% of the nitrofurazone reproducibly in the dissolution profile test evaluated for 300 minutes. The second film was produced with dimethylformamide/chloroform (15:85 v/v) and released about 90% of the nitrofurazone. But did not show reproducible results in the same range. Physicalchemical analyzes lead to the conclusion that the interaction of nitrofurazone with the polymer occurs mainly among the more polar groups. The dissolution test was performed following pharmacopoeial parameters. The quantitation of the released nitrofurazone was performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 375 nm. The method used was validated and proved to be adequate, showing linearity in range 0.25 - 12.50 mg.L-1 with correlation coefficient 0.9999, high precision with relative standard deviation ≤ 1.6%, accuracy 98.9 - 100.4%, selectivity and limit of quantification 0.4 mg.L-1. / A nitrofurazona é um fármaco utilizado no tratamento de queimaduras e em transplantes de pele. O medicamento é comercializado na forma de pomada e solução. O polímero ecovio® é composto de poli(ácido lático)/poli(butileno adipato coteraftalato) e é biocompatível. Neste trabalho foi produzido um filme com a combinação de ecovio® e nitrofurazona pela técnica de eletrofiação formando nanofibras. Dois filmes foram produzidos. O primeiro foi produzido com dimetilformamida/tetrahidrofurano (15:85 v/v) e foi capaz de liberar 100% da nitrofurazona de forma reprodutível no teste de perfil de dissolução avaliado por 300 minutos. O segundo filme foi produzido com dimetilformamida/clorofórmio (15:85 v/v) e liberou cerca de 90% da nitrofurazona, mas não apresentou resultados reprodutíveis no mesmo intervalo. Análises físico-químicas levam à conclusão de que a interação da nitrofurazona com o polímero ocorre principalmente entre os grupamentos mais polares. O teste de dissolução foi realizado seguindo parâmetros farmacopeicos. A quantificação da nitrofurazona liberada foi realizada por espectrofotometria na região do UV-Vis em 375 nm. O método utilizado foi validado e comprovou-se estatisticamente que é adequado, apresentando linearidade no intervalo de 0,25 a 12,50 mg.L-1 com coeficiente de correlação de 0,9999, precisão elevada com desvio padrão relativo ≤ 1,6%, exatidão de 98,9 a 100,4%, seletividade e limite de quantificação de 0,4 mg.L-1.

Bioethanol is a promising renewable biofuel and wheat is currently the main candidate asthe feedstock for its production in the UK context. The quality of the numerous varieties ofwheat developed in the past by plant breeders has been well examined in terms of bread, biscuitand pasta producing industries. In general, the end-use quality determination of wheat in termsof alcohol yield is less investigated. This work focused on understanding and predicting thealcohol yield from wheat according to its physical, physicochemical and chemicalcharacteristics. The research ran alongside the GREEN Grain project and utilised its wheatsamples, which consist of a range of wheat varieties, agronomic regimes and growing sitesfrom four harvests years 2005-2008. The combined dataset consists of a diverse range ofchemical, physicochemical and physical characteristics of the GREEN Grain wheats. An initial multivariate analysis (PCA) indicated that the first principal component, whichexplains most of the variability of the wheat characteristics, is related with the classification ofwheat as hard or soft. High alcohol yielding wheats typically have high starch, mealiness andalbumin+globulin fraction, and also low protein, gliadin fraction and hardness. They also havelarger and more spherical kernels. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied in order to identify differences between thevarieties, the sites and the application or not of N fertiliser. The ANOVA showed that theapplication of N fertiliser increases all the protein components, although it increases the Gliadinand the LMW glutenins more. N fertiliser also yields smaller (TGW, width, depth) and moreelongated kernels. High alcohol yielding varieties tend to be softer with lower protein andlarger and more spherical kernels. This consistent variability allowed prediction of the alcoholyield based on easily measured parameters. The following model, based on the SKCS reportedvalues plus protein, could predict the alcohol yield with an R2 of about 78%:Alcohol yield = 466.62 - 5.07 × Protein - 0.21 × hardness + 11.6 × diameter ±6.94 l/dry tonIt is frequently hypothesised that larger and more rounded kernels produce more alcoholbecause they have a smaller relative amount of the unfermentable outer layers. In an effort totest this hypothesis, the pericarp thicknesses and the crease characteristics of the wheat sampleswere measured. It was found that pericarp thickness and crease dimensions vary with kernelsize, with significant differences between varieties. A physical model was developed thatconsiders these differences and calculates the endosperm to non-endosperm ratio. None of thevariables obtained by the physical model could be related to alcohol yield. The SKCS fundamental data were further analysed in an effort to improve the alcoholyield predictability. It was found that the averaged Crush Response Profiles are morereproducible than the hardness index itself. It was shown that the initial peak does not occurbecause of the "shell" (i.e. the bran layers) as suggested in the literature, but because of thecrease. Examination of the effects of moisture content on the aCRPs showed that their 1stquarter is equivalent to the stress-strain plots of dedicated rheological tests. The remaining partsof the curve relate to the post-failure behaviour of the kernels and with hardness as used incereal science. The aCRP parameters could improve the alcohol yield predictability of theGREEN Grain wheats to an R2 of about 82.3% and a standard error of the regression of6.3 l/dry ton. Further standardisation and calibration with respect to the moisture content and tothe size of the kernels could improve the predictions even further. Textural testing of cereals is constrained by the complexity of the wheat kernel structureand exacerbated by the between-kernel variation. The current work has demonstrated howSKCS data can be interpreted more insightfully in order to improve end-use quality predictions. The aCRP parameters clearly contain rheological information about wheats. Further research toestablish their examination by more standardised methodologies will allow effectiveinvestigation of connections between the rheological properties, chemical characteristics,processing behaviour and end-use quality prediction of wheat.

One of the most promising devices to provide accurate measurement of the longitudinal bunch profile at the tens of femtosecond level is based on electro-optic techniques. In this thesis, a bunch profile monitor, based on electro-optic spectral decoding (EOSD), is currently developed for the CLIC Test Facility 3 at CERN. The monitor is optimised for bunch lengths over 3.5 ps with effective window of 16 ps, and sub-picosecond resolution. The measurement results from the EO monitor are compared with measurements by coherent transition radiation on a streak camera. The measurement on bunch charge dependence is studied. Timing resolution of the bunch profile monitor is studied in both theory and numerical calculation. This thesis summarises a frequency analysis approach of electro-optic effect based on $\chi^{(2)}$ frequency mixing process. From the theory analysed in frequency domain, a non-crossed polarization measurement includes all three of the probe laser background term, the linear term to Coulomb field and the quadratic term to Coulomb field. Three methods are induced based on this frequency analysis result to retrieve Coulomb field value which is emitted from electron beam. The measured 1.3 MV/m field strength agrees with calculation result. An experiment is designed to study the role of incident beam sizes and non-collinear incident beams in EO technique. Due to the phase matching process, the non-collinear angle of the incident beams induces a frequency dependent angular chirp in the beams emitted after the EO crystal. This frequency offset may lead to frequency loss in fibre coupling, and thus lead to bunch length broadening in a measurement for short electron bunch.

An activity for principal improvement that has not received much attention is the structured management effectiveness profile. The concept is to provide the principal and a group of teachers at that campus with an opportunity for assessment of the principal's management and leadership skills. A comparison between the two provides the principal with information on their perceived management strengths and weaknesses. One such profile, available through the American Association of School Administrators is the Educational Administrator Effectiveness Profile (EAEP). The EAEP was originally given to 66 principals in Tarrant County, Texas. This study reports the results of reassessment of 40 of those principals after a five year period.