The art of communication is one of the most essential skills that a successful manager should have. This ability of communication can be a deciding factor in negotiating with both the business partners and the general public. Effective communication lies primarily in understanding the message of the other person and the feedback. So it is necessary to be interested in how efficiently the information is passed, either in an internal or external communication. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse managerial communication in a selected organization and to make proposals for its improvement. For the practical part of this thesis, I have chosen EXTRUDO Bečice s.r.o. based in Bečice that was founded in 1994. On the basis of materials obtained from an interview with the director of the company, particular areas of managerial communication are defined in this part of the thesis. In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted to find out attitudes and opinions of the employees. After evaluating the information obtained from the interview with the company director and the questionnaire survey, the proposals and suggestions for possible improvements in individual areas of managerial communication were submitted.

Uma das tendências para o aumento do desempenho dos sistemas de computação atuais tem sido a distribuição do processamento em uma rede de computadores. Já foram pesquisados diversos modelos para obter essa distribuição, e um dos que tem se mostrado mais promissor é aquele no qual o controle da distribuição é efetuado diretamente pelo sistema operacional. Um sistema operacional desse tipo é chamado de sistema operacional distribuído[TAN85], e seu principal objetivo e fornecer a seus usuários a ilusão de uma maquina uniprocessadora constituída pela soma dos recursos oferecidos pelos componentes da rede. A forma de realizar tal ilusão é o sistema operacional controlar a utilização dos recursos distribuídos para o usuário, independentemente de onde estejam localizados, a medida que sejam requisitados e estejam disponíveis. Esta sendo desenvolvido no CPGCC da UFRGS o projeto DIX, cujo objetivo é o desenvolvimento de um Sistema Operacional Distribuído. Para o desenvolvimento desse projeto, foi tornado como base o sistema operacional MINIX. As principais razoes dessa opção foram: o alto grau de modularidade do MINIX, a utilização do paradigma de troca de mensagens para comunicação entre processos e a sua disponibilidade. A plataforma de hardware inicial para o desenvolvimento do projeto é um grupo de estações de trabalho Proceda. Tais estações caracterizam-se por possuir internamente dois elementos processadores distintos. O projeto DIX teve inicio com o porte do sistema operacional MINIX para o ambiente multiprocessador heterogêneo das estações. Devido a necessidade de comunicação entre as estações e a indisponibilidade de hardware adequado para tal, foi desenvolvida uma forma alternativa de comunicação, baseada na utilização da interface paralela existente nas estações. Este trabalho descreve o núcleo do sistema operacional. A filosofia adotada foi torná-lo o mais simples possível, colocando em processos servidores, externos ao núcleo, grande parte das tarefas. Outro objetivo foi alterar o mínimo possível a interface original do MINIX, para que as camadas superiores do sistema continuassem em funcionamento. Dessa forma, a principal função do núcleo é fornecer aos processos mecanismos para troca de mensagens e transferência de dados entre processos. Foi desenvolvido um método para a identificação global dos processos, que permite identificar cada processo do sistema de forma unívoca e um mecanismo de comunicação entre processos que suporta transparência de localidade, migração de processos e falhas em nodos da rede. / One of the modern trends in Computer Science has been the use of distribution to improve system performance. Many models of distribution have been proposed, and the most promising one is that in which the distribution is directly controlled by the operating system. Such type of system is called a distributed operating system[TAN85], and its main goal is to provide its users an illusion of an uniprocessor system more powerful than its components. The operating system controls the utilization of the distributed resources in a transparent way, in order to present such illusion to its users. There is a project, named DIX, under development at CPGCC/UFRGS, whose goal is to gather experience in the field while developing a distributed operating system. The MINIX operating system has been chosen as a software basis for the project, because of its high degree of modularity, its message passing IPC paradigm and the availability of its source code. The initial hardware configuration is a set of Proceda workstations. Those workstations have two distincts processors that can run in parallel. The project was started with the porting of MINIX to the workstations' heterogeneous multiprocessor environment. Due to the need of information exchange among the workstations and to the unavailability of suitable communication hardware, an alternative communication scheme was developed. This work describes the kernel of the operating system. The adopted methodology was to keep it as simple as possible, putting a great number of tasks in server processes outside the kernel. Another goal was to preserve the MINIX original interface, so that the upper layers of the system could remain functional. So, the main purpose of the kernel is to supply an efficient message exchange mechanism. That mechanism supports locality transparency: the sender of a message is not aware of the destination location, and it is even possible that processes migrate. A method has been developed for the global unique identification of processes.

Uma das tendências para o aumento do desempenho dos sistemas de computação atuais tem sido a distribuição do processamento em uma rede de computadores. Já foram pesquisados diversos modelos para obter essa distribuição, e um dos que tem se mostrado mais promissor é aquele no qual o controle da distribuição é efetuado diretamente pelo sistema operacional. Um sistema operacional desse tipo é chamado de sistema operacional distribuído[TAN85], e seu principal objetivo e fornecer a seus usuários a ilusão de uma maquina uniprocessadora constituída pela soma dos recursos oferecidos pelos componentes da rede. A forma de realizar tal ilusão é o sistema operacional controlar a utilização dos recursos distribuídos para o usuário, independentemente de onde estejam localizados, a medida que sejam requisitados e estejam disponíveis. Esta sendo desenvolvido no CPGCC da UFRGS o projeto DIX, cujo objetivo é o desenvolvimento de um Sistema Operacional Distribuído. Para o desenvolvimento desse projeto, foi tornado como base o sistema operacional MINIX. As principais razoes dessa opção foram: o alto grau de modularidade do MINIX, a utilização do paradigma de troca de mensagens para comunicação entre processos e a sua disponibilidade. A plataforma de hardware inicial para o desenvolvimento do projeto é um grupo de estações de trabalho Proceda. Tais estações caracterizam-se por possuir internamente dois elementos processadores distintos. O projeto DIX teve inicio com o porte do sistema operacional MINIX para o ambiente multiprocessador heterogêneo das estações. Devido a necessidade de comunicação entre as estações e a indisponibilidade de hardware adequado para tal, foi desenvolvida uma forma alternativa de comunicação, baseada na utilização da interface paralela existente nas estações. Este trabalho descreve o núcleo do sistema operacional. A filosofia adotada foi torná-lo o mais simples possível, colocando em processos servidores, externos ao núcleo, grande parte das tarefas. Outro objetivo foi alterar o mínimo possível a interface original do MINIX, para que as camadas superiores do sistema continuassem em funcionamento. Dessa forma, a principal função do núcleo é fornecer aos processos mecanismos para troca de mensagens e transferência de dados entre processos. Foi desenvolvido um método para a identificação global dos processos, que permite identificar cada processo do sistema de forma unívoca e um mecanismo de comunicação entre processos que suporta transparência de localidade, migração de processos e falhas em nodos da rede. / One of the modern trends in Computer Science has been the use of distribution to improve system performance. Many models of distribution have been proposed, and the most promising one is that in which the distribution is directly controlled by the operating system. Such type of system is called a distributed operating system[TAN85], and its main goal is to provide its users an illusion of an uniprocessor system more powerful than its components. The operating system controls the utilization of the distributed resources in a transparent way, in order to present such illusion to its users. There is a project, named DIX, under development at CPGCC/UFRGS, whose goal is to gather experience in the field while developing a distributed operating system. The MINIX operating system has been chosen as a software basis for the project, because of its high degree of modularity, its message passing IPC paradigm and the availability of its source code. The initial hardware configuration is a set of Proceda workstations. Those workstations have two distincts processors that can run in parallel. The project was started with the porting of MINIX to the workstations' heterogeneous multiprocessor environment. Due to the need of information exchange among the workstations and to the unavailability of suitable communication hardware, an alternative communication scheme was developed. This work describes the kernel of the operating system. The adopted methodology was to keep it as simple as possible, putting a great number of tasks in server processes outside the kernel. Another goal was to preserve the MINIX original interface, so that the upper layers of the system could remain functional. So, the main purpose of the kernel is to supply an efficient message exchange mechanism. That mechanism supports locality transparency: the sender of a message is not aware of the destination location, and it is even possible that processes migrate. A method has been developed for the global unique identification of processes.

The microservice architectural pattern refers to a system consisting of independently deployable services that communicate across networks. RabbitMQ is a popular message broker that can be used to make this communication possible. An alternative to this is Amazon Simple Queuing Service (SQS), which is a fully managed queuing service. By performing a literature- and case study, two systems with a microservice architecture are developed. One using RabbitMQ to communicate between the services, and the other using Amazon SQS. The systems are compared, with regards to message latency, ease of use and maintainability. The results show that RabbitMQ provides much lower message latency than Amazon SQS. Amazon SQS is however both easier to maintain and to use than RabbitMQ. / En mikrotjänstarkitektur syftar till ett system bestående av tjänster som kan driftsättas oberoende av varandra och som kommunicerar över nätverk. RabbitMQ är en populär meddelandemäklare som nyttjas för att möjliggöra ovan nämnd kommunikation. Ett alternativ till detta är Amazon Simple Queueing Service (SQS), vilket är en meddelandetjänst som helt och hållet förvaltas av Amazon. Genom att utföra en litteratur- och fallstudie utvecklas två system med en mikrotjänstarkitektur. Det ena nyttjar RabbitMQ för kommunikation mellan tjänster, medan det andra använder Amazon SQS. Båda systemen jämförs därefter med hänsyn till meddelandens fördröjning, användarvänlighet samt enkelhet att underhålla. Resultaten visar att meddelanden skickade genom RabbitMQ har mycket lägre fördröjning än de skickade genom Amazon SQS. Ur perspektiven användarvänlighet och enkelhet att underhålla är Amazon SQS ett mer fördelaktigt akternativ än RabbitMQ.

Today, society is ever-increasing in its use of technology and computers. The increase in technology creates a need for different programming languages with unique properties. The creation of a system may require multiple languages for multiple processes that need to transfer data between one another. There are several solutions for sharing data between processes with their respective strengths and weaknesses. The differences create a problem of needing to understand the data transfer solutions to use them effectively. This thesis addresses the problem of there not existing any guidelines for data transfer solutions. The purpose is to create guidelines for choosing a data transfer solution. The goal is to help software developers find a data transfer solution that fits their needs. The thesis is meant to inform and contribute to the understanding of possible solutions for sharing data between processes. A literature study and practical study were needed to get that understanding. The literature study was conducted to understand the solutions and to be able to compare them. After that, a practical study was performed to work with the solutions and gain experience. The study was meant to gain measurements for later comparisons of data transfer solutions. The measurements followed the comparative criteria of speed , resource usage , and language support . The result was the creation of guidelines that displayed different scenarios based on the comparative criteria. For each situation, there was a recommendation of solutions that would help in the given situation. These results accomplished the goal and purpose by providing guidelines that could help software developers choose a data transfer solution. / Användningen av olika teknologier och datorer ökar konstant i dagens samhälle. Detta skapar ett behov av olika programmeringsspråk med olika egenskaper. Ett projekt kan kräver flera språk för olika processer, så kan programmen behöva kommunicera genom att överföra data sinsemellan. Det finns olika dataöverföringslösningar för att dela data och de har sina svagheter och styrkor. Skillnaderna skapar problemet att en användare behöver förstå dataöverföringslösningar för att använda dem effektivt. Avhandlingen tar upp problemet att det inte finns några riktlinjer för dataöverföringslösningar. Syftet med avhandlingen är att skapa riktlinjer för att välja en dataöverföringslösning. Målet med avhandlingen är att hjälpa mjukvaruutvecklare att välja en dataöverföringslösning som passar deras behov. Avhandlingen är menad att informera och att bidra till förståelsen av dataöverföringslösningar. Därför krävdes det både en litteraturstudie och en praktisk studie. Litteraturstudien utfördes för att få en förståelse för de olika lösningarna och kunna jämföra dem. Den praktiska studien utfördes för att arbeta med lösningarna och lära sig om dem. Arbetet var menat att ta fram mätvärden för att kunna jämföra dataöverföringslösningar. Mätvärdena följde jämnförelsekriterierna hastighet, resursanvändning, och tillgängliga språk. Resultatet av avhandlingen var skapandet av riktlinjerna. Riktlinjerna visar olika situationer baserade på jämförelsekriterierna. För varje situation rekommenderas det en dataöverföringslösning som hjälpte i situationen. Resultatet uppnådde syftet och målet med avhandlingen genom att skapa riktlinjer som hjälper mjukvaruutvecklare att välja dataöverföringslösningar.

Design brief is the descriptive and connective medium of design competitions. The main aim (design problem) of the design competition is explained by means of design brief which is setting up all needs and requirements or design program (specification) which is explaining the requirement list. The definition of design problem should be formulated to make clear statements in order to avoid misapprehensions by forming creative environment to enable creation of new ideas. The communication processes are composed between the participants of the competition, which are the client, competitors, jury and the public, by means of the formulation of design problem by the design brief. This thesis aims to understand the role of design brief as different from design program (specification) in the process and result of the urban design competitions by studying the nature and effects of design brief as the main communication tool in the design and evaluation processes in design competitions. Three urban design competitions are chosen as the main study areas of the thesis because of their different processes and results.

Selecting the correct inter-process communication method isan important aspect of ensuring effective inter-vm and inter-container process communication. We will conduct a study ofIPC methods which might be useful and fits the Qemu/KVMvirtual machine and Docker container environments, and se-lect those that fit our criteria. After implementing our chosenmethods we will benchmark them in a test suite to find theones with highest performance in terms of speed. Our resultsshow that, at the most common message sizes, Unix DomainSockets work best for containers and Transparent Inter Pro-cess Communication has the best performance between vir-tual machines out of the chosen methods.

Paper summarizes the importance of motivation and performance of employees in the organization. The primary goal of this paper is to propose solutions to increase motivation and thus performance. Meet this target would require the implementation of many activities, from finding present, the IS architecture, through detailed analysis of individual systems, which affect workers. Important too was the definition of where all the motivation and performance in man takes and how it can be measured. In the practical part I have done, according to gained experience, using the LMI survey questionnaire to identify weak areas of performance motivation. These results, I finally offered advice and firstly from a psychological perspective, and secondly in terms of IT and its main information system, the workers who come into contact every day and therefore has a huge impact on them. Contribution of the author of this thesis was to identify and increase motivation, through analysis and recommendations specified by the selected methodologies.

The submitted diploma thesis deals with the topic of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in speech therapy intervention for people with aphasia. The work is divided into four chapters, while the first three chapters are theoretically oriented the fourth chapter represents the empirical part of the work. In the first chapters, the diploma thesis deals with the theoretical definition of individual areas which are needed to understand the researched issues, specifically focuses on the concept of communication, explains the connection between brain and speech and, last but not least, defines the period of adulthood and old age. Concurrently this chapter presents the principles of speech therapy intervention with a focus on providing speech therapy intervention in the Czech Republic. The focus of the theoretical part of the thesis is the second chapter, which provides a direct (detailed) insight into the issue of aphasia as a neurogenic disorder of speech communication. The chapter deals with aphasia in terms of definition, etiology, symptomatology and classification approaches. Withal it represents a speech therapy intervention for people with a neurogenic speech disorder, aimed at diagnosis, therapy and prevention. The third theoretical chapter introduces the psychological and social aspects related...

The increased use of computer systems for storing private data or doing critical operations leads to some security issues gathered in the area cybersecurity. This neologism leads people to think about the security of information systems and general-purpose computers. However, with the growth of the Internet of Things, embedded systems are also concerned with these issues. The speed of development of this area often leads to a backwardness in the security features. The thesis investigates the security of embedded systems by focusing on embedded software. After classifying the vulnerabilities which could be encountered in this field, a first part of this work introduces the realisation of a document gathering guidelines related to secure development of embedded software. This realisation is based on an analysis of the literature review, but also on the knowledge of engineers of the company. These guidelines are applied to the project of a client. The result of their application allows us to prove their consistency and to write a set of recommendations to enhance the security of the project. The thesis presents the implementation of some of them. Particularly, it introduces a way to secure an Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mean: D-Bus, through a proof of concept. The result shows that the security policy of D-Bus is efficient against some attacks. Nevertheless, it also points out that some att acks remain feasible. The solution is implemented on an embedded board to analyse the computational overhead related to this embedded aspect. As expected, a more complex and detailed a policy is, the higher the overhead tends to be. Nevertheless, this computational overhead is proportional to the number of rules of the policy. / Den ökade användningen av datorsystem för att lagra privata data eller göra kritiska operationer leder till vissa säkerhetsproblem som samlas i området cybersäkerhet. Denna neologism leder människor att tänka på säkerhetssystemen för informationssystem och allmänt tillgängliga datorer. Men med tillväxten av saker i saken är inbyggda system också berörda av dessa frågor. Utvecklingshastigheten för detta område leder ofta till en underutveckling säkerhetsfunktionerna.Avhandlingen undersöker säkerheten för inbyggda system genom att fokusera på inbyggd programvara. Efter att ha klassificerat de sårbarheter som kan uppstå i det här fältet introducerar en första del av det här arbetet realisationen av ett dokument av riktlinjer om säker utveckling av inbyggd programvara. Denna insikt bygger på en analys av litteraturgranskningen, men också på kunskap om ingenjörer i företaget. Dessa riktlinjer tillämpas på en kunds projekt.Resultatet av deras ansökan gör det möjligt för oss att bevisa deras konsistens och att skriva rekommendationer för att förbättra projektets säkerhet. Avhandlingen presenterar genomförandet av några av dem. Ett sätt införs särskilt patt säkra en interprocesskommunikation (IPC) menande: DBus, genom ett konceptbevis. Resultatet visar att D-Busens säkerhetspolitik är effektiv mot vissa attacker. Det påpekar emellertid också att vissa attacker fortfarande är möjliga. Lösningen implementeras på ett inbyggd kort för att analysera beräkningsoverhead som är relaterad till denna inbyggda aspekt. Som förväntat är en mer komplex och detaljerad politik, desto högr e överhuvudtaget tenderar att vara. Ändå är denna beräkningskostnad proportionell mot antalet av regler av säkerhetspolitiken.