El presente proyecto profesional realizado a fines del año 2013 trata sobre el rediseño de procesos expresado en diagramas de flujo de la empresa automotriz Diamante del Pacífico S.A., representante de la marca japonesa Daihatsu y la marca peruana IncaPower; esta última creada para englobar las marcas chinas Baw, Gonow, Forland, Changan y Beiben. La Empresa se dedica a la comercialización de autopartes y vehículos de pasajeros y de carga bajo la razón social Diamante del Pacífico S.A., pero el servicio técnico de taller, que involucra taller de mantenimiento, reparación de averías, auxilio mecánico y de siniestros, la realiza bajo la razón social Toyohatsu S.A. La Empresa cuenta con una amplia red de puntos de venta en Lima y a nivel nacional, pero solo los de Lima y Arequipa son propios, todos los demás son concesiones hechas a terceros. Cabe mencionar que la Empresa solo realiza el servicio de taller en el local de Surquillo para la marca Daihatsu y en el local de Villa El Salvador para IncaPower. Como alcance del trabajo es de mencionar que solo se limita a la mejora de los procesos internos de la Empresa con la ayuda de la confección de los diagramas de flujo antes y después del rediseño; no abarca la parte de la rentabilidad del negocio, el plan estratégico, comercial ni de marketing. Solo se enfoca a la eficiencia interna. / Trabajo profesional teóricamente fundamentado

The thesis is concerned with the aplication of the statistical process control on the new product and it provides proposals to its improvement in Plastik, s.r.o.

The broader research area investigated during this programme was conceived from a goal to contribute towards solving the challenge of food security in the 21st century through the reduction of crop loss and minimisation of fungicide use. This is aimed to be achieved through the introduction of an empirical approach to agricultural disease monitoring. In line with this, the SYIELD project, initiated by a consortium involving University of Manchester and Syngenta, among others, proposed a novel biosensor design that can electrochemically detect viable airborne pathogens by exploiting the biology of plant-pathogen interaction. This approach offers improvement on the inefficient and largely experimental methods currently used. Within this context, this PhD focused on the adoption of multidisciplinary methods to address three key objectives that are central to the success of the SYIELD project: local spore ingress near canopies, the evaluation of a suitable model that can describe spore transport, and multivariate analysis of the potential monitoring network built from these biosensors. The local transport of spores was first investigated by carrying out a field trial experiment at Rothamsted Research UK in order to investigate spore ingress in OSR canopies, generate reliable data for testing the prototype biosensor, and evaluate a trajectory model. During the experiment, spores were air-sampled and quantified using established manual detection methods. Results showed that the manual methods, such as colourimetric detection are more sensitive than the proposed biosensor, suggesting the proxy measurement mechanism used by the biosensor may not be reliable in live deployments where spores are likely to be contaminated by impurities and other inhibitors of oxalic acid production. Spores quantified using the more reliable quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction proved informative and provided novel of data of high experimental value. The dispersal of this data was found to fit a power decay law, a finding that is consistent with experiments in other crops. In the second area investigated, a 3D backward Lagrangian Stochastic model was parameterised and evaluated with the field trial data. The bLS model, parameterised with Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory (MOST) variables showed good agreement with experimental data and compared favourably in terms of performance statistics with a recent application of an LS model in a maize canopy. Results obtained from the model were found to be more accurate above the canopy than below it. This was attributed to a higher error during initialisation of release velocities below the canopy. Overall, the bLS model performed well and demonstrated suitability for adoption in estimating above-canopy spore concentration profiles which can further be used for designing efficient deployment strategies. The final area of focus was the monitoring of a potential biosensor network. A novel framework based on Multivariate Statistical Process Control concepts was proposed and applied to data from a pollution-monitoring network. The main limitation of traditional MSPC in spatial data applications was identified as a lack of spatial awareness by the PCA model when considering correlation breakdowns caused by an incoming erroneous observation. This resulted in misclassification of healthy measurements as erroneous. The proposed Kriging-augmented MSPC approach was able to incorporate this capability and significantly reduce the number of false alarms.

Dense medium separation (DMS) plants are typically used to beneficiate run-of-mine (ROM) coal in coal metallurgy. These plants normally make use of a dense medium cyclone as the primary processing unit. Because of the deviations in the ROM quality, the production yield and quality become difficult to maintain. A control system could benefit such operations to maintain and increase product throughput and quality. There are many different methods for developing a control system in a metallurgical operation; however, what is most fundamental is the use of a mathematical model to design a controller. For this reason, a first principle dynamic mathematical model has been developed for a DMS circuit. Each unit operation is modelled individually, then integrated together to form the complete system. The developed DMS circuit dynamic model is then used to simulate the process. It is also found that most models developed for DMS operations typically make use of steady-sate analysis and that very little literature is available on dynamic models of this kind. Difficulties that arise when validating a model in metallurgical processes are insufficient measurement points or the challenges in measuring certain variables, such as physical properties (e.g. particle size) or chemical components (e.g. ash percentage). This paper also explains how the Runge-Kutta approximation can be used in simulating DMS unit processes with intermediate online measurements that may be available. This can ultimately assist in verifying the accuracy of the simulation. One of the other problems that can occur when developing models from first principles is the estimation of model parameters. Specifically when non-linear state-space relationships are developed, one must ensure that there is a unique solution for the parameters in question. A method employing parameter identifiability is also presented in this dissertation to illustrate its use. In addition the process of estimating parameters is explained and illustrated. Copyright / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Chemistry))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Chemistry / unrestricted

Orientador: Ademir Petenate / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T20:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rascop_SilvanaBorges_M.pdf: 3322702 bytes, checksum: e12f841b84d759a99603bf799e2fdf64 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi aplicar a utilização o ¿Modelo de Melhoria¿, à gestão de controle em processo, visando a obtenção de qualidade no produto terminado e, posteriormente, implantá-lo em outras linhas de produção. O trabalho foi realizado no setor de revisão de produto final de uma indústria farmacêutica, na atividade de controle em processo. Utilizou-se o Modelo de Melhoria na determinação dos pontos críticos a serem trabalhados e as Normas de Amostragem por Atributos da ABNT para a determinação dos planos de amostragem. O estudo envolveu a avaliação de unidades do produto que já haviam passado pela revisão final e a determinação de itens com defeitos que não tinham sido separados pelo processo de revisão 100% caracterizando, assim, como falha de revisão. A reestruturação do Controle em Processo e o treinamento contínuo dos envolvidos propiciaram a diminuição do número de falhas ao longo do tempo, obtendo-se, com isto, melhoria de qualidade do produto terminado / Abstract: The objective of this study was to show that the use of the ¿Improvement Guide¿ methodology to obtain quality in products. The Improvement Guide Methodology was employed to determine the critical factors to be addressed and the ¿Sampling Rules¿ by attributes in acordance to ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Rules) was employed to determine the sampling plans. The study comprised the evaluation of samples that had already gone through the final revision process, thus bringing out defective items that had not been detected by the process, therefore being classified as 100% revision failure. By restructuring the process control and by creating an awareness of the employees envolved in the process, failures decreased through time and the problems were corrected, therefore leading toan improvement in the quality of the products / Mestrado / Gestão da Qualidade Total / Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica

Orientador: Marcela Aparecida Guerreiro Machado de Freitas / Banca: Paloma Maria Silva Rocha Rizol / Banca: Fabricio Maciel Gomes / Resumo: Os gráficos de Shewhart há muito auxiliam na manutenção da estabilidade de diversos processos de produção. Um dos processos que mais intensamente dependem de ajustes finos e monitoramento são os processos de envase pois são executados em alta velocidade e contém muitos pontos críticos de controle. Este trabalho contempla a implantação dos gráficos de controle de Shewhart no processo de envase do equipamento de envase de líquidos do DPD da FEG-UNESP e as dificuldades inerentes ao ajuste e operação do equipamento desde a sua instalação. Testes foram executados com o intuito de gerar uma base de dados para verificar se causas especiais estão interferindo no processo, utilizando histograma, diagrama de Ishikawa de causa e efeito e ferramentas de verificação de normalidade dos dados como o teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Foi também verificado o número médio de amostras até o alarme falso NMA0, e simulados resultados que alteram a média do processo para verificar a sua eficiência. Os resultados mostram que mesmo com a ação inicial de causas especiais sobre o processo, estas foram corrigidas, e após ajustes o equipamento encontra-se em controle estatístico / Abstract: Shewhart control charts assist, since long time ago, in the maintenance of stability in many production processes. One of the most intense processes that are dependent on fine adjustments and monitoring are the filling process due to its high speed and lots of critical control points. This work covers the implementation of Shewhart control charts on the equipment of liquid filling process of DPD of FEG-UNESP and the inherent difficulties of adjustment and operation of this equipment since its installation. Trials were performed with intention to generate a database to verify if special causes are interfering in the process, using histogram, Ishikawa diagram of cause and effect and tools for data normality verification as the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Average Run Length, ARL0, was verified and simulated results were used to check the eficiency. The results indicate that even with the initial action of special causes on the process, they were fixed, and after adjustments the equipment is under statistical control / Mestre

Due to growing awareness of sustainable development and renewable sources of electricity, the public demand for electric cars has increased during the last decade, Lithium-ion batteries are used to power today's electric cars and the batteries are mainly produced in Asia. The need for batteries in the automobile industry in Europe has led to the birth of many new organisations, Northvolt is one of them. The mission at Northvolt is to bring lithium-ion batteries to the European market. The process of producing Lithium-ion batteries is complex and includes several sub-processes that together will generate the final product. The quality of the processes and product are important for performance as well as safety. Statistical Process Control is one way of creating and maintaining good quality. This thesis aims to describe how Statistical Process Control can be implemented in the context of Lithium-ion battery production. To answer the aim, a literature study and a field study were conducted at Northvolt labs in Västerås. The field study collected data through interviews, as well as observations on the different processes in production. A thematic analysis was conducted, the findings resulted in a framework for implementation of Statistical Process Control in the Lithium-ion battery industry. The framework has similarities with other frameworks gathered from literature on Statistical Process Control implementation but differs in some key aspects. A clear emphasis on initial focus regarding training and education is one aspect that contributes to the existing literature and a practical contribution to organisations in the batter production industry. Early focus on process definition and identification of critical-to-quality characteristics are also aspects that are emphasised in the developed framework. The emphasize on these factors are connected to the complexity of the processes of the Lithium-ion battery production.

A run-of-mine (ROM) ore milling circuit is primarily used to grind incoming ore containing precious metals to a powder fine enough to liberate the valuable minerals contained therein. The ground ore has a product particle size specification that is set by the downstream separation unit. A ROM ore milling circuit typically consists of a mill, sump and classifier (most commonly a hydrocyclone). These circuits are difficult to control because of unmeasurable process outputs, non-linearities, time delays, large unmeasured disturbances and complex models with modelling uncertainties. The ROM ore milling circuit should be controlled to meet the final product quality specification, but throughput should also be maximised. This further complicates ROM ore grinding mill circuit control, since an inverse non-linear relationship exists between the quality and throughput. ROM ore grinding mill circuit control is constantly evolving to find the best control method with peripheral tools to control the plant. Although many studies have been conducted, more are continually undertaken, since the controller designs are usually based on various assumptions and the required measurements in the grinding mill circuits are often unavailable. / To improve controller performance, many studies investigated the inclusion of additional manipulated variables (MVs) in the controller formulation to help control process disturbances, or to provide some form of functional control. Model predictive control (MPC) is considered one of the best advanced process control (APC) techniques and linear MPC controllers have been implemented on grinding mill circuits, while various other advanced controllers have been investigated and tested in simulation. Because of the complexity of grinding mill circuits non-linear MPC (NMPC) controllers have achieved better results in simulations where a wider operating region is required. In the search for additional MVs some researchers have considered including the discrete dynamics as part of the controller formulation instead of segregating them from the APC or base-layer controllers. The discrete dynamics are typically controlled using a layered approach. Discrete dynamics are on/off elements and in the case of a closed-loop grinding mill circuit the discrete elements can be on/off activation variables for feed conveyor belts to select which stockpile is used, selecting whether a secondary grinding stage should be active or not, and switching hydrocyclones in a hydrocyclone cluster. Discrete dynamics are added directly to the APC controllers by using hybrid model predictive control (HMPC). HMPC controllers have been designed for grinding mill circuits, but none of them has considered the switching of hydrocyclones as an additional MV and they only include linear dynamics for the continuous elements. This study addresses this gap by implementing a hybrid NMPC (HNMPC) controller that can switch the hydrocyclones in a cluster. / A commonly used continuous-time grinding mill circuit model with one hydrocyclone is adapted to contain a cluster of hydrocyclones, resulting in a hybrid model. The model parameters are refitted to ensure that the initial design steady-state conditions for the model are still valid with the cluster. The novel contribution of this research is the design of a HNMPC controller using a cluster of hydrocyclones as an additional MV. The HNMPC controller is formulated using the complete nonlinear hybrid model and a genetic algorithm (GA) as the solver. An NMPC controller is also designed and implemented as the base case controller in order to evaluate the HNMPC controller’s performance. To further illustrate the functional control benefits of including the hydrocyclone cluster as an MV, a linear optimisation objective was added to the HNMPC to increase the grinding circuit throughput, while maintaining the quality specification. The results show that the HNMPC controller outperforms the NMPC one in terms of setpoint tracking, disturbance rejection, and process optimisation objectives. The GA is shown to be a good solver for HNMPC, resulting in a robust controller that can still control the plant even when state noise is added to the simulation. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / National Research Foundation (DAAD-NRF) / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

The thesis concentrates on the process of building project management methodology in AAA COLOR company. The first part of this thesis will explain an analyses the process and management of the already executed building project „Reconstruction of the storage hall of Borfers a.s.“. The second part will give suggestions of how to manage building project in AAA COLOR company, whereas the final part will explain the possibility of realisation of those suggestions and their positive contribution to the company.